Cardiology Video Statistics

Key takeaways

1. Cardiologists and heart practices posting as themselves made 27.5% of the 426 on-topic videos among YouTube’s most-viewed ‘cardiologist’, ‘heart stent’ and ‘heart attack’ results and drew 11.9% of their views; health education animation channels drew 40.8%. Without the single most-viewed video, a 3D school animation, cardiologists’ share is 12.6% (our read, Nov 8, 2026). (Mark Studios) See details
2. Off-topic videos took 80.8% of all views in the sample. In the ‘heart attack’ results, songs, film titles and skits drew 91.3% of views, against 1.4% in the ‘cardiologist’ results (our read, Nov 8, 2026). (Mark Studios) See details
3. Videos of 60 seconds or less drew 53.9% of on-topic views from 39.2% of the videos. Titles about stents or angioplasty were 44.8% of the 426 on-topic videos and 30.1% of the views, and 0 of those titles contained the word ablation (our read, Nov 8, 2026). (Mark Studios) See details
4. Of the 54 cardiologist and heart practice channels in that sample, 8 were placed in the U.S., with 1.9% of the on-topic videos and 0.5% of the views, and 0 placed themselves in Florida (our read, Nov 8, 2026). (Mark Studios) See details
5. Across five peer-reviewed TikTok studies of heart topics published from 2023 to 2026, the median share of videos from health professionals was 85.6% (our calculation). Across four YouTube studies that coded heart videos as misleading, inaccurate or misinformation, the share ran from 21% to 49%. (Mark Studios) See details
6. 27,801 providers across CMS’s four cardiology types billed Medicare Part B fee-for-service in 2024, 5.7% more than the 26,292 in 2019. Florida had 2,160, and our ZIP code match puts 172 in Palm Beach County, 181 in Broward and 12 in Martin. (CMS) See details
7. Medicare paid those providers $5.33 billion ($5,327,994,538) in 2024, 7.4% less than $5.75 billion ($5,752,681,410) in 2019 before inflation, and the median provider’s payment fell 22.6%, from $153,478 to $118,816 (our calculation; fee-for-service only). (CMS) See details
8. Facility-setting Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries for catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (CPT 93656) rose 80.4%, from 51,084 in 2019 to 92,131 in 2024, and for TAVR (CPT 33361) rose 26.7%, from 44,107 to 55,883, while single-vessel stent placements (CPT 92928) fell 25.2%, from 203,742 to 152,324. These files leave out Medicare Advantage, so a fall does not prove less care. (CMS) See details
9. The number of U.S. cardiologists depends on who counts: 31,155 active American Board of Medical Specialties cardiovascular disease certificates at U.S. locations (June 30, 2026), 30,544 valid American Board of Internal Medicine certificates (June 1, 2025) and 27,801 Medicare-billing providers across four cardiology types (2024), against 17,290 wage and salary jobs in BLS’s May 2025 estimate and about 18,500 jobs counting the self-employed. (ABMS, ABIM, CMS & BLS) See details
10. U.S. wage and salary cardiologists had a median annual wage of $496,010 in May 2025, 9.7 times the all-occupation median; Florida’s median was $414,910, and 61.5% of U.S. cardiologist jobs were in physician offices. (BLS) See details
11. Heart disease killed 683,491 U.S. residents in 2024, 22.2% of all deaths. The age-adjusted death rate was 157.6 per 100,000, 38.8% below 2000. (NCHS) See details
12. Of 1,399 Form 10-K filings from 2001 to 2025 that contain cardiologist or cardiologists, 167 also contain “video”. We read the 25 from 2024, 2025 and 2026 that have both words, and 1 describes marketing video (our count with EDGAR full-text search). (SEC) See details
13. CDC’s “every 33 seconds” is a cardiovascular disease figure, not a heart disease one, and its page now says 34 seconds, on 919,032 deaths in 2023. Heart disease alone was about one death every 46 seconds in 2024, from 683,491 deaths (our calculation). (CDC & NCHS) See details
14. WHO’s “at least 80%” figure says heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes would be prevented if the major risk factors were eliminated, a different claim from “80% of heart disease is preventable”. CDC’s Vital Signs report says nearly one fourth of cardiovascular disease deaths are avoidable, defined as deaths before age 75 from certain causes. (WHO & CDC) See details

Who makes the most-viewed cardiology videos on YouTube?

Cardiologists and heart practices posting as themselves made 27.5% of the on-topic videos among the most-viewed videos YouTube returned for 'cardiologist', 'heart stent' and 'heart attack' on November 8, 2026, and drew 11.9% of their lifetime views (our count). Health education animation channels drew 40.8% of the views. This is one search on one date: we read YouTube’s own view-sorted results for those three terms on November 8, 2026, the first four pages for each, through the YouTube Data API with no country filter, and classified every channel by hand from its own title, description and video text.

The three lists held 563 unique videos from 413 channels, with 5,130,977,249 lifetime views in all. Most of those views had nothing to do with heart care: videos we classed off-topic (songs titled Heart Attack and other music, film titles, sitcom and drama clips, comedy skits, stunts, games, ASMR, sermons and stethoscope reviews) numbered 137 and drew 80.8% of the views. That left 426 on-topic videos from 293 channels with 983,877,469 views. View counts are lifetime snapshots and include ad views.

The five most-viewed on-topic videos, by lifetime views on November 8, 2026, were 7activestudio’s 'How to Treat Heart Attack' (53,583,782), Adventist HealthCare’s 'Day in the Life: Heart Surgeon' (45,319,923), India Today’s clip of a doctor saving a patient who collapsed (43,694,285), Daily Cardiology’s five-second 'Heart Chambers' short (31,004,792) and Medical Animation Media’s valve and stent short (29,898,480). None of the five came from a channel we classed as a cardiologist or heart practice. We do not name the people or families behind patient and family story channels. General medical video is covered on our healthcare video statistics page.

What does each heart search return?

Off-topic videos drew 91.3% of the views in YouTube’s most-viewed results for 'heart attack' on November 8, 2026, mostly songs of that name, Hindi film titles and comedy skits (our count). The 'cardiologist' and 'heart stent' lists are almost entirely about the subject: off-topic videos drew 1.4% and 0.04% of their views.

What are the most-viewed heart videos about?

Titles about stents or angioplasty made 44.8% of the on-topic videos on November 8, 2026 and drew 30.1% of the views, while titles about heart attack or cardiac arrest made 15.3% of the videos and drew 35.7% of the views (our count, a regex on titles with every match read by hand).

Narrower subjects were rarer in titles: angiography or catheterization 5.2%, blood pressure 3.1%, bypass surgery 3.1%, statins 1.2% and heart rhythm topics such as atrial fibrillation or pacemakers 0.9% of the on-topic videos. 0 of the 426 on-topic titles used the word ablation. Titles are a narrow read: a video can cover a procedure without naming it in its title, and we counted only what titles say.

Videos of 60 seconds or less made 39.2% of the on-topic videos and drew 53.9% of the views, and the median short had 519,612 views against 364,276 for longer videos.

Which cardiologists appear, and where are they?

54 channels were classed cardiologist or heart practice in our November 8, 2026 sample (our count). 46 said in their own text that they were cardiologists or interventional cardiologists, and 8 gave only a heart-practice name or practice text; we did not check any licence or board certification. Heart clinics and practice groups drew 1.1% of the on-topic views. The largest cardiologist channel was Dr Navin Agrawal, an interventional cardiologist in India, with 10 videos and 16,741,461 views, 14.3% of the views the cardiologist class drew. With him removed from both sides, cardiologists and practices drew 10.4% of the remaining on-topic views. The most-viewed video from a cardiologist channel was Dr. Rakesh Kumar Ola Cardiologist’s 'How Is a Stent Placed in a Blocked Heart Artery?', with 11,712,594 views.

Most of these channels are outside the United States: 43 named a place abroad, 28 of them in India, and 8 were U.S.-placed (own text or channel country setting). U.S.-placed cardiologists posted 1.9% of the on-topic videos and drew 0.5% of the views. Across all on-topic channels, those placed in India drew 41.2% of the views and those placed in the United States 33.8%. Physicians of other specialties drew 8.9% of the on-topic views, and chiropractors, ayurveda practitioners and naturopaths drew 2.0%.

3 channels in the sample placed themselves in Florida in their own text: Dr. Eric Berg DC in Clearwater, Nicklaus Children’s Hospital in Miami and Palm Beach Health Network. 0 of those were cardiologist or heart practice channels. 1 channel, Palm Beach Health Network, placed itself in Palm Beach, Broward or Martin County, and its one video, a talk by a cardiac electrophysiologist at Palm Beach Gardens Medical Center, had 181,860 views. A channel can exist without appearing in a view-sorted sample.

How much of this comes from a few channels?

The ten biggest channels drew 37.1% of the on-topic views in our November 8, 2026 sample (our count). The three biggest, 7activestudio, Adventist HealthCare and India Today, drew 14.5%, and 7activestudio alone drew 5.4% with one video. Without that video, cardiologists and heart practices drew 12.6% of the on-topic views, compared with 11.9% with it.

Who is behind the 'Cardiologist Warns' videos?

Titles saying a cardiologist 'warns', 'reveals' or 'exposes' something made 5.4% of the on-topic videos in our November 8, 2026 sample and drew 1.5% of the views (our count). 13 channels in the sample fit one pattern: senior-health channels under a doctor’s name or with those titles, whose own text gave no licence, clinic or checkable credential. They made 4.5% of the on-topic videos and drew 1.3% of the views. We read their channel text and, for several, their most recent uploads; we did not verify any of them, and a channel not stating a credential does not establish that it lacks one. One such channel states in its video descriptions that 'composite patients' in its examples are fictional. In another, research links in its video descriptions carried a ChatGPT referral tag, which shows only where the links were copied from.

How often do U.S. cardiologist channels post?

The median U.S.-placed cardiologist channel posted 89.5 videos in the 365 days to November 8, 2026 (our count, every upload in the window read through the YouTube Data API that day). The 8 U.S.-placed channels in our sample posted 1,162 videos in that year, but the spread is wide: 2 of them, Doctor Bolad Cardiology and Oklahoma Heart Institute, posted none.

The three busiest posters, Joel Kahn, Jack Wolfson and Robert Todd Hurst, made 82.9% of the uploads. Across all 8 channels the median upload had 745.5 views by the read date.

Do heart videos carry YouTube’s synthetic-content label?

None of the 563 videos in our November 8, 2026 sample carried YouTube’s containsSyntheticMedia field, read through the YouTube Data API that day (our count). A field that is absent says nothing either way about how a video was made: some channels in the sample said in their own text that their animations were made with AI.

Who makes the heart videos on YouTube and TikTok?

On TikTok, health professionals made most of the videos in the five single-platform heart studies that reported a share: across those peer-reviewed studies, published from 2023 to 2026 and covering 817 videos in all, the median share from health professionals was 85.6% (our calculation). Each study sampled top search results for one topic and coded uploaders its own way, so this describes those samples and not all TikTok heart content. Two of the five abstracts name China. On YouTube the picture differs: in a 2023 study of 104 videos on lowering blood pressure, doctors uploaded 31.7%, herbalists or nutritionists 18.3% and chiropractors 6.7% (Hypertension Research).

Viewing is measurable too. In the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey, a U.S. government survey analysed by Langford and colleagues, 29.6% of 306 respondents with a heart condition said they had watched a health-related video on YouTube (Digital Health). The question covered any health video, not cardiology video specifically.

The table sets the content studies side by side. Scores use DISCERN (higher is better; Hao et al. report an 80-point total, which cannot be compared with the shorter ratings in other rows), the Global Quality Scale (GQS), the JAMA benchmark or a checklist built for that study. Dates are publication years unless the abstract gave the search date.

Specialty made a difference in one TikTok sample: in the 2024 study of 145 coronary heart disease videos, cardiologists scored above other health professionals on both DISCERN and GQS, P=.02 (JMIR Formative Research). A YouTube study points the other way on credentials: in the 2026 sample of 105 cholesterol-treatment videos, independent doctors published more of the videos than any other group and had the highest misinformation rate of any publisher type (European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing).

How often are heart videos misleading?

Across four YouTube studies of heart topics published from 2014 to 2026 that coded videos as misleading, inaccurate or containing misinformation, the share ran from 21% to 49% (our calculation). The studies used different definitions, topics and years, so the range shows spread and not a trend. The low end is the 2026 sample of 105 cholesterol-treatment videos at 21%; the high end is the 2023 sample of 104 blood-pressure videos at 49%.

Do popular heart videos score better?

Not consistently: in a 2023 sample of 45 English-language coronary videos, the correlation between likes and DISCERN ratings was 0.03, and between views and ratings -0.068 (Cureus). In a 2026 study of 233 hyperlipidemia videos on TikTok, Bilibili and RedNote, the absolute correlation between likes and quality was no more than 0.09 (Scientific Reports). In the 2019 sample of 85 aortic-valve YouTube videos, videos from non-professional sources had 23,553 views against 11,110 for professional sources, although 14% of the non-professional videos were judged useful compared with 67% of the professional ones (Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy). The 2024 TikTok study of 145 coronary heart disease videos went the other way, finding positive correlations between likes, shares and quality scores (JMIR Formative Research). Correlations in samples of top search results are not causal.

Do pre-procedure videos change what patients know or feel?

They raised knowledge in most trials found: in the largest, a multicenter trial of 821 patients scheduled for coronary angiography in 2015, those who watched a three-dimensional video scored 11.8 on a 16-point information questionnaire against 9.5 with standard information alone, while anxiety did not differ (American Heart Journal). Anxiety results vary with the trial, the comparison and the scale. These are mostly small, single-center studies, and several add video to existing education instead of replacing it.

Several results were null. In the COPE trial of 539 patients with heart failure at 22 centers in Canada and the United States, published in 2019, cardiovascular hospitalizations or emergency visits at six months occurred in 21% of those shown a 20-minute video and 23% of those given a booklet alone (CJC Open). In a 2025 meta-analysis of 22 randomized trials and 6,614 patients with heart failure, the mortality risk ratio for video education added to usual care was 0.90, rated very low certainty (Heart & Lung). In a trial of 330 Black adults with heart failure at 14 U.S. electrophysiology clinics between 2016 and 2020, assent to an implantable defibrillator was 58.6% with a video decision tool and 59.4% with usual care, though knowledge rose (Annals of Internal Medicine).

How many cardiology visits happen by video?

The share depends heavily on where and when it was counted: among Veterans Health Administration cardiology visits within 90 days of a new atrial fibrillation diagnosis between January 2022 and September 2023, 1.93% of 16,761 visits were by video (Journal of Medical Internet Research), while at two Northern California practices from March 2020 to February 2021, 49.7% of 58,940 adult cardiology visits were by video and 21.0% by phone, for a telemedicine total of 70.7% (American Heart Journal). Peak pandemic counts are not current use.

Who gets a video visit and who gets the phone?

Black, Medicaid-insured and rural patients were less likely to get video in the two cohorts below: among telemedicine cardiology visits at two Northern California practices from March 2020 to February 2021, Black patients had an odds ratio of 0.64 for video rather than phone compared with non-Hispanic White patients, and Medicaid patients 0.47 compared with privately insured patients (American Heart Journal). In the national Veterans Health Administration cohort, highly rural residents had an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.77 for video cardiology care, and patients aged 75 and older 0.80 (JAMIA Open). These are associations in observational data.

Do video visits change no-shows, adherence or testing?

Attendance held up in these cohorts: during a COVID-19 telehealth-only period in Kentucky in 2020, the no-show rate for cardiology telehealth visits was 17% (345 of 2,019 patients), which the authors describe as nearly identical to the usual in-person rate (JMIR Cardio). At the University of Florida, Jacksonville, cardiology fellows’ clinic, in a study published in 2023, attendance rose 7.2% after telehealth began, across 3,316 appointments of which 272 were telehealth (Cardiology Research); that is a before-and-after comparison during the pandemic, with no control group.

Among 9,521 patients with heart failure at a New York health system from April to October 2020, 69% of those seen only by video were adherent to medication against 71.6% of those seen only in person, a difference that was not statistically significant (JMIR Cardio). Ordering changed more: among 7,741 patients with heart failure at an academic cardiovascular center in Northern California from 2019 to 2023, a 50-percentage-point increase in a clinician’s telemedicine use was associated with electrocardiogram ordering at an incidence rate ratio of 0.30 (Circulation: Population Health and Outcomes). None of these designs was randomized, so differences may reflect which patients were offered which visit type.

How many cardiologists are there in the United States?

The American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) recorded 31,155 active cardiovascular disease certificates at U.S. locations as of June 30, 2026 (ABMS), but other published counts of U.S. cardiologists run from 17,290 jobs to 40,737 certificates ever issued. No single figure is the number of cardiologists. Each source counts something different, and the gaps are large.

Certificates outnumber practicing doctors. ABIM states that its number of valid certificates is not the number of subspecialists practicing in the discipline (ABIM), and 75.0% of the certificates it has ever issued are still valid (our calculation). The ABMS count is 1.4 times the AAMC count (our calculation), though the two are about four and a half years apart. The AAMC counts by a physician’s self-designated primary specialty, so a certified cardiologist who lists something else is not in its row. The AAMC’s own figure barely moved between 22,211 in December 2017 (AAMC) and 22,255 in 2021 (AAMC).

Subspecialty counts split the same way. ABMS recorded 7,442 active interventional cardiology certificates at U.S. locations as of June 30, 2026 (ABMS). ABIM counted 7,171 valid ones as of June 1, 2025 (ABIM). The AAMC counted 4,734 physicians with interventional cardiology as their primary specialty in 2021 (AAMC). ABMS also recorded 3,236 clinical cardiac electrophysiology certificates (ABMS) and 1,527 advanced heart failure and transplant cardiology certificates (ABMS). These rows overlap, because ABMS notes that a physician can hold more than one certificate, so adding them double counts people.

How many cardiologists does Florida have?

ABMS recorded 2,224 active cardiovascular disease certificates at Florida locations as of June 30, 2026 (ABMS), which is 7.1% of the U.S. total (our calculation). The same table lists 572 interventional cardiology (ABMS), 232 clinical cardiac electrophysiology (ABMS) and 86 advanced heart failure and transplant cardiology certificates in Florida (ABMS). These are certificates by recorded address, and they include retired physicians.

Florida’s own physician workforce survey cannot answer the question. Its 2025 annual report lists 17,261 physicians under internal medicine and has no cardiology row, in its statewide exhibit or its county appendix (Florida Department of Health).

How many new cardiologists are being trained?

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) counted 3,762 active cardiovascular disease fellows in academic year 2024-2025 (ACGME), up from 2,670 in 2015-2016 (ACGME), a rise of 40.9% (our calculation). They trained in 294 accredited programs (ACGME). ACGME counted 365 interventional cardiology fellows (ACGME) and 350 clinical cardiac electrophysiology fellows the same year (ACGME).

New certificates have grown too. ABMS Member Boards issued 1,205 cardiovascular disease certificates in 2025 (ABMS), up from 896 in 2016 (ABMS), a rise of 34.5% (our calculation).

How old are cardiologists, and who are they?

64.9% of active cardiovascular disease physicians were 55 or older in 2021, by the AAMC’s count from the AMA Physician Masterfile (AAMC). Women were 15.5% of those physicians in 2021 (AAMC) and 30.2% of active cardiovascular disease fellows in academic year 2024-2025, by ACGME’s count (ACGME). The two figures cover different groups and different years, so the gap describes who is training now against who is already in practice, and it does not measure a change over time in one group.

Graduates of international medical schools were 37.3% of active cardiovascular disease fellows in 2024-2025 (ACGME).

Is there a cardiologist shortage?

A 2026 Journal of the American Heart Association study (Silvestre et al.) projected that U.S. cardiologist supply would meet 81.4% of demand by 2037 (Silvestre et al.). The study used the Health Workforce Simulation Model, and its figures are projections in full-time equivalents. It put Florida’s supply at 76.2% of demand in 2025 (Silvestre et al.) and 57.7% in 2037 (Silvestre et al.).

Access already varies by place. In a 2023 Journal of the American Heart Association analysis (Minhas et al.) of federal Area Health Resource File data, 62% of U.S. counties had no cardiologist in 2019 (Minhas et al.). That file counts nonfederal physicians with an MD degree, so cardiologists with a DO degree are left out.

Who employs cardiologists?

Most U.S. cardiologists now work for hospitals, by two peer-reviewed estimates. A 2025 Journal of the American College of Cardiology study (Moghtaderi et al.) found that hospital employment rose from 26% of cardiologists in 2008 (Moghtaderi et al.) to 63% in 2019, identifying employers through tax identification numbers in Medicare data (Moghtaderi et al.). A 2025 Health Affairs study (Philips et al.) estimated 72 percent in 2023 (Philips et al.). An earlier Health Services Research study (Post et al., 2022) used a narrower measure of hospital integration and found 25% in 2016 (Post et al.). The three use different definitions, so they should not be read as one trend line.

Private equity’s footprint is smaller, on a different measure: practices, not physicians. A 2024 JAMA Health Forum letter (Singh et al.), built from PitchBook data and manual checks, found private equity-acquired practices made up 3.9% of U.S. cardiology practices as of 2023 (Singh et al.). Florida had the most acquired locations of any state, at 80 (Singh et al.).

How much do cardiologists use telehealth?

In the American Medical Association’s 2024 Physician Practice Benchmark Survey, 58.6% of cardiologists gave a video visit in the prior week, the lowest share among the medical specialties the report lists (AMA). The AMA is a physician association, and this is its own survey; the cardiology sample was 161 physicians (AMA). The other 41.4% gave no video visits that week (AMA).

Claims data put telehealth at a small share of billing. In the AMA’s analysis of 2024 Medicare claims, 2.2% of cardiologists’ telehealth-eligible allowed charges were billed as telehealth (AMA). A 2026 Journal of the American Heart Association study (Harris et al.) of 23,334 cardiologists found that 3.4% of their Medicare visits in 2022 and 2023 were delivered by telemedicine (Harris et al.). The survey asks whether a physician had any video visit in a week, while the claims measure a share of Medicare billing or visits, so the numbers answer different questions.

How do cardiologists use social media?

Peer-reviewed survey evidence is thin and comes from outside the United States. In the #intEHRAct survey, run by committees of the European Heart Rhythm Association (an association) and published in Europace in 2022 (Guerra et al.), 285 healthcare professionals responded (Guerra et al.), and LinkedIn was the most used platform at 60.8% (Guerra et al.). The questionnaire went out through newsletters and social media, so respondents were self-selected.

A 2023 survey of Portuguese Society of Cardiology mailing-list members (Esteves-Pereira et al., Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia) received 206 valid answers (Esteves-Pereira et al.), and 92% of those respondents said they used social media (Esteves-Pereira et al.). Our PubMed searches on November 8, 2026 found no peer-reviewed survey limited to U.S. cardiologists. These surveys measure professional use, and neither one measures patient-facing video.

How many cardiologists bill Medicare?

CMS’s Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners file lists 27,801 providers in its four cardiology provider types who billed Medicare Part B fee-for-service in 2024, up 5.7% from 26,292 in 2019 (our calculation). The four types are Cardiology, Interventional Cardiology, Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, and Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology. CMS puts each provider under one type a year, so the four add up without double counting. The file is built from original Medicare claims only. It leaves out Medicare Advantage and every patient outside Medicare, and it does not list providers with fewer than 11 beneficiaries, so it is not a head count of cardiologists, and every count in this section understates the work as Medicare Advantage grows.

The plain Cardiology type shrank while the three subspecialty types grew. Provider type is the specialty CMS assigns from the claims, so a move between types can reflect how a physician’s claims are coded as well as who is practising. The combined total is the safer number to read.

Florida has 2,160 of these providers in the 2024 file, up 10.9% from 1,948 in 2019, and holds 7.8% of the national total (our calculation). Among providers of the plain Cardiology type, only New York and California have more.

Most of these providers work in cities: 92.4% of those billing Medicare in 2024 have a practice address that CMS codes as a metropolitan core, RUCA 1 or 1.1 (our calculation from the CMS file).

How many cardiologists bill Medicare in Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties?

172 providers in CMS’s four cardiology types with a Palm Beach County practice address billed Medicare Part B fee-for-service in 2024, 181 in Broward County and 12 in Martin County, by our match of CMS’s by Provider file to the Census Bureau’s ZIP-to-county relationship file. The three counties hold 16.9% of Florida’s 2,160 providers in the four types (our calculation).

These are not head counts of every cardiologist in those counties. A cardiologist who saw only Medicare Advantage or commercial patients, or 10 or fewer Medicare Part B fee-for-service beneficiaries, is not in the file. A ZIP code split across counties goes to the county holding most of its land, so Jupiter’s 33458, which crosses the Palm Beach and Martin county line, counts as Palm Beach County. The county payment totals do not measure how much cardiology each county does, because a county whose patients are more often in Medicare Advantage shows less in this file.

How much does Medicare pay cardiologists?

Medicare paid the four cardiology provider types $5.33 billion (5,327,994,538) for Part B fee-for-service services in 2024, by our sum of CMS’s by Provider file. That is 7.4% less than the $5.75 billion (5,752,681,410) it paid them in 2019, before inflation (our calculation). Florida’s providers in the four types received $624.5 million (624,509,807) in 2024 (our calculation). The file cannot tell a change in care or in Medicare’s prices apart from patients moving to Medicare Advantage, whose claims it leaves out, and patients outside Medicare are not in it at all. A payment total is what Medicare paid for services. It is not a physician’s income. CMS’s methodology also warns that some providers bill under both an individual and an organizational NPI, so a provider’s full total cannot be seen in the file.

The typical provider’s Medicare total fell further than the sum. The median provider in the four types received $118,816 from Medicare Part B fee-for-service in 2024, down 22.6% from $153,478 in 2019, before inflation (our calculation). The median Florida provider received $171,091 in 2024 (our calculation).

The money is concentrated. 510 providers in the four types received $1 million or more from Medicare Part B fee-for-service in 2024, against 449 in 2019 (our calculation). The top 10% of these providers by payment received 40.6% of the Medicare Part B payments to the four types in 2024 (our calculation).

How many stent, valve replacement and ablation patients does Medicare count?

152,324 Medicare beneficiaries had a coronary stent placed in a single artery or branch (CPT 92928) on a facility-setting line in 2024, across all specialties, in CMS’s by Geography and Service file (CMS). That is down 25.2% from 203,742 in 2019 (CMS; our calculation). 55,883 beneficiaries had a transcatheter aortic valve replacement through the skin and femoral artery (TAVR, CPT 33361) in 2024 (CMS), up 26.7% from 44,107 in 2019 (CMS; our calculation). 92,131 beneficiaries had a catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (CPT 93656) in 2024 (CMS), up 80.4% from 51,084 in 2019 (CMS; our calculation).

The file counts Medicare Part B fee-for-service patients only, with no Medicare Advantage and no patients outside Medicare, so a fall can reflect patients moving to Medicare Advantage as well as fewer procedures. Each code also covers one kind of procedure. Stents placed during a heart attack, in a bypass graft or with atherectomy are billed under other codes, TAVR by other routes has its own codes, and ablation for other heart rhythm problems has its own codes, so none of these counts is the total for a whole procedure family.

Services are not operations, so this page counts beneficiaries. For TAVR, CMS lists 104,131 services in 2024 (CMS) against 55,883 beneficiaries, which is 1.86 services per beneficiary (our calculation). CMS counts every Part B line billed under the code, and the TAVR lines come from both surgeons and cardiologists, as the next section shows. That fits two physicians billing for one patient, but the public file carries no billing modifiers, so it cannot confirm it. For stents the file lists 188,655 services (CMS), 1.24 per beneficiary, and for ablation 94,655 (CMS), 1.03 per beneficiary (our calculation). A patient with two procedures under one code in a year counts once as a beneficiary and twice as services. In 2019 the service counts were 252,492 for stents (CMS), 82,711 for TAVR (CMS) and 52,865 for ablation (CMS).

8,776 providers of all specialties billed CPT 92928 in a facility setting in 2024 (CMS), 4,324 billed CPT 33361 (CMS) and 2,967 billed CPT 93656 (CMS). The average Medicare payment per service was $419.35 for the stent code in 2024 (CMS), against $443.18 in 2019 (CMS), before inflation. In 2024 it was $582.51 for TAVR (CMS) and $724.15 for ablation (CMS). CMS’s methodology says facility-setting lines generally represent the physician’s professional fee and do not include the facility payment, except on lines from ambulatory surgery centers, so these averages are not what a procedure costs Medicare.

Almost all single-artery stent lines are in facilities. 328 beneficiaries had an office-setting line under CPT 92928 in 2024 (CMS), against 624 in 2019 (CMS). The file does not say what each office-setting line paid for.

Who bills Medicare for stents, ablations and TAVR?

Interventional cardiologists’ lines hold 53.4% of the beneficiary counts on facility-setting lines for the single-artery stent code (CPT 92928) in CMS’s 2024 provider-and-service file, up from 45.0% in 2019, and lines of providers of the plain Cardiology type hold 42.7% (our calculation). 2,605 interventional cardiologists had a facility-setting line for the code covering 11 or more beneficiaries in 2024 (our calculation). The rise in the interventional share can reflect physicians being coded under that type as well as a change in who does the work.

Electrophysiologists’ lines hold 80.2% of the beneficiary counts on facility-setting lines for atrial fibrillation ablation (CPT 93656) in 2024, against 81.5% in 2019, and lines of providers of the plain Cardiology type hold 16.9% (our calculation). 1,739 electrophysiologists had such a line in 2024 (our calculation).

TAVR is shared between specialties. Interventional cardiologists’ lines hold 30.7% of the beneficiary counts on facility-setting lines for CPT 33361 in 2024, and thoracic and cardiac surgeons’ lines together hold 47.3% (our calculation).

These shares add up beneficiary counts across physicians’ lines, so a patient billed by two physicians counts on both lines. CMS also hides any line with fewer than 11 beneficiaries. For the stent code the published facility-setting lines hold 88.6% of the facility-setting services in the by Geography and Service file (our calculation). The file counts Medicare Part B fee-for-service only.

How many Medicare patients get an echocardiogram, in offices and in hospitals?

3.26 million (3,261,927) Medicare beneficiaries had a complete transthoracic echocardiogram (CPT 93306) on a facility-setting line in 2024 (CMS) and 2.67 million (2,673,711) on an office-setting line (CMS), across all specialties, in CMS’s by Geography and Service file. Facility-setting beneficiaries fell 11.7% from 3.69 million (3,694,246) in 2019 (CMS; our calculation), and office-setting beneficiaries fell 4.7% from 2.81 million (2,806,342) (CMS; our calculation). A patient with an echocardiogram in both settings counts on both rows, so the two cannot be added. On lines from providers practising in Florida, 235,014 beneficiaries had a facility-setting line in 2024 (CMS) and 294,731 an office-setting line (CMS).

The average Medicare payment per service was $128.66 on office-setting lines in 2024 (CMS) and $50.51 on facility-setting lines (CMS). CMS’s methodology says office-setting lines represent the complete payment for the service, while facility-setting lines generally represent the physician’s professional fee alone, so the two averages measure different things. All of these counts are Medicare Part B fee-for-service only, so a fall can reflect patients moving to Medicare Advantage.

How much telehealth does Medicare’s cardiology data show?

CMS’s 2024 provider-and-service file shows 90,323 audio-only telephone evaluation and management services (CPT 99441-99443) on the published lines of providers of the plain Cardiology type, and the 2019 file has no published line of that type for those codes (our calculation). Lines with fewer than 11 beneficiaries are hidden, so this is a floor, and it covers only telephone codes billed by that one provider type.

The files cannot measure telehealth directly. The place-of-service field in CMS’s by Geography and Service file holds only two values, facility and office, and we confirmed that the two account for every row in the 2024 file. Video visits billed under ordinary office-visit codes therefore cannot be separated from in-person visits in these public files.

How many cardiologists does BLS count?

The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated 17,290 wage and salary jobs for cardiologists (SOC 29-1212) in the U.S. in May 2025, in its Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey of employers (BLS). The estimate has a relative standard error of 5.4% (BLS). Cardiologists have their own occupation code, so this count is the specialty itself and not a wider group.

The Occupational Outlook Handbook, which also counts the self-employed, puts the occupation at about 18,500 U.S. jobs in 2025 (BLS). BLS’s Employment Projections put the self-employed share of those jobs at 3.8% in 2025 (BLS). The OEWS survey leaves out owners of unincorporated practices who pay themselves from profits, which is one reason its count is lower.

Cardiologists made up 2.3% of the 754,760 U.S. wage and salary jobs in BLS’s broad Physicians group (SOC 29-1210, which does not include surgeons) in May 2025 (BLS) (our calculation).

How much do cardiologists earn?

The median annual wage for U.S. wage and salary cardiologists was $496,010 in May 2025, per BLS OEWS (BLS). That was 9.7 times the $50,980 median for all U.S. occupations (BLS) and 1.8 times the $271,090 median for the broad Physicians group (BLS) (our calculations). These figures cover wages and salaries only, not practice owners’ profits.

The mean annual wage was $454,940 (BLS), below the median. A mean sits below a median when the lower wages are further from the middle than the higher ones. One in ten of these jobs paid less than $107,190 a year in May 2025 (BLS), and one in four paid less than $274,280 (BLS). At the top, one in four paid more than $610,060 (BLS) and one in ten paid more than $712,130 (BLS). OEWS has no codes for cardiology subspecialties, so these figures cannot separate interventional cardiologists, electrophysiologists or heart failure specialists.

Among the 17 detailed physician and surgeon occupations the Occupational Outlook Handbook lists, cardiologists had the second-highest median annual wage in May 2025, behind pediatric surgeons at $559,030 (BLS) and ahead of radiologists at $420,860 (BLS).

BLS tables could not show the top of that range two years earlier. For May 2023, BLS printed no median, 75th or 90th percentile annual wage for cardiologists: those cells carried its top-code footnote, meaning the wage was at least $239,200 a year (BLS). The May 2025 estimates print those percentiles as values. BLS advises against comparing OEWS estimates across years, so we do not set the two tables side by side.

Where do cardiologists work?

Offices of physicians employed 61.5% of U.S. wage and salary cardiologists in May 2025, per BLS OEWS, and general medical and surgical hospitals employed 27.5% (our calculations).

The median wage in physician offices was 15.9% above the median in those hospitals (our calculation). OEWS does not say why. BLS printed no median for outpatient care centers: that cell carries its top-code footnote, meaning at least $239,200 a year. It did not release a median for colleges and universities. BLS has no separate industry for cardiology practices: they sit inside offices of physicians, the shared industry in the next section.

How many cardiologists work in Florida, the Miami area and the Port St. Lucie area?

BLS OEWS estimated 920 wage and salary cardiologist jobs in Florida in May 2025 (BLS), 5.3% of the U.S. count (our calculation). The estimate is rough: its relative standard error is 27.8% (BLS). Florida’s median annual wage for cardiologists was $414,910 (BLS), 16.4% below the U.S. median (our calculation). Its mean was $406,400 (BLS), with a wage relative standard error of 8.6% (BLS). Florida had 0.093 cardiologist jobs per 1,000 jobs (BLS) and a location quotient of 0.84 (BLS). A location quotient below 1 means cardiologists made up a smaller share of wage and salary jobs in Florida than nationally.

BLS publishes no OEWS estimates for counties or for metropolitan divisions. Palm Beach and Broward counties sit inside the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metro area, and Martin County sits inside the Port St. Lucie metro area. For the Miami metro area, BLS suppressed the May 2025 cardiologist count, the jobs per 1,000 and the location quotient, marking each “Estimate not released.” It printed no dollar wage either: the mean and median annual wages carry its top-code footnote, meaning each is at least $239,200 a year. The only figure BLS published for cardiologists in the metro area is the relative standard error of the mean wage, 22.0% (BLS). BLS published no May 2025 cardiologist estimate of any kind for the Port St. Lucie metro area. OEWS therefore gives no cardiologist count for Palm Beach, Broward or Martin counties. The Medicare billing data on this page is the place to look for those counties.

How fast are cardiologist jobs expected to grow?

BLS projects cardiologist jobs to grow 4.8% from 2025 to 2035, per its Employment Projections (BLS), compared with 3.6% for the broad Physicians group (BLS) and 3.5% for all occupations (BLS). The Occupational Outlook Handbook puts that at 19,400 U.S. jobs in 2035, up from 18,500 in 2025, a gain of 900 (BLS). BLS expects about 0.5 thousand openings a year from 2025 to 2035, from growth and from replacing workers who leave the occupation (BLS). These projections count all cardiologist jobs, including the self-employed.

How many physician offices of all specialties are there in the U.S.?

Cardiology practices are counted inside offices of physicians (NAICS 621111), an industry shared with every physician specialty except mental health specialists, so every figure in this section covers all physician offices, not cardiology practices alone. Other specialty pages, such as our ophthalmology video statistics and allergist video statistics, carry the same shared figures.

BLS’s Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which counts employers covered by unemployment insurance, averaged 226,698 private physician offices of all specialties in the U.S. in 2025 (BLS), up from 204,988 in 2019 (BLS): a rise of 10.6% (our calculation). Those offices averaged 2.9 million jobs (2,904,306) in 2025 (BLS), counting all staff and not only physicians, and average annual pay was $116,597 (BLS).

The Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns counted 204,617 U.S. employer physician offices of all specialties in 2023, the newest year available when we checked (Census). Census’s Nonemployer Statistics counted 190,427 U.S. physician-office businesses with no paid staff in 2024 (Census). Those two counts cover different years and different kinds of business, so we do not add them. A nonemployer is any business with no paid employees, which can include part-time or side income, so that count is not a count of full-time practices.

How many physician-office businesses of all specialties had no paid staff in 2023?

Nonemployer businesses made up 47.7% of U.S. physician-office businesses of all specialties in 2023 (our calculation). That share sets Census’s 2023 Nonemployer Statistics beside its 2023 County Business Patterns, so both inputs come from one year. A nonemployer can be side or consulting income, so this is a share of businesses on paper, not of full-time practices. The table covers all physician offices, not cardiology practices.

How many physician offices of all specialties are there in Florida and in Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties?

Florida averaged 21,918 private physician offices of all specialties (NAICS 621111) in 2025, per BLS’s QCEW (BLS): 9.7% of the 2025 U.S. total (our calculation). Census’s newest Nonemployer Statistics, for 2024, counted 19,222 Florida physician-office businesses with no paid staff (Census).

Together Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties averaged 4,556 private physician offices of all specialties in 2025, 20.8% of Florida’s total (our calculation from QCEW annual averages). The two columns come from different years and different kinds of business, so we do not add them. Neither BLS nor Census publishes a county count of cardiology practices.

How much physician-office and hospital revenue comes from circulatory diagnoses?

U.S. employer offices of physicians of all specialties (NAICS 621111) had receipts of $630,209,309 thousand (about $630 billion) in 2022, per the 2022 Economic Census, the Census Bureau’s full count of businesses every five years (Census). Census splits those receipts by the ICD-10 chapter of the patient’s primary diagnosis. Diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99) brought in $39,651,605 thousand (about $39.7 billion) in 2022 (Census), or 6.3% of the receipts of all physician offices (Census).

U.S. general medical and surgical hospitals (NAICS 622110) reported $152,247,999 thousand (about $152.2 billion) for the same chapter in 2022 (Census), or 12.0% of their receipts (Census). That was 3.84 times the figure for all physician offices (our calculation).

The circulatory chapter holds heart disease along with hypertension, stroke and diseases of arteries and veins, treated by any specialty, so these lines take in far more than cardiology. No line in the Economic Census names cardiology, and neither industry is limited to cardiologists.

How many physician offices of all specialties earn money from telemedicine?

86,466 U.S. employer offices of physicians of all specialties (NAICS 621111) reported some revenue from telemedicine services in 2022, per the 2022 Economic Census (Census): 42.9% of such offices (our calculation). The 2022 table counts offices with any telemedicine revenue. It does not say how much of their revenue came from it, and it does not break out cardiology.

How much do physician offices of all specialties spend on advertising?

U.S. offices of physicians of all specialties (NAICS 6211) spent $1,815,721 thousand, about $1.8 billion, on advertising and promotion in 2024, per the Census Bureau’s Annual Integrated Economic Survey (Census). That was 0.28% of their total 2024 operating expenses (our calculation).

The same survey put advertising at $2,129,047 thousand, about $2.1 billion, in 2023 (Census), or 0.36% of that year’s operating expenses (our calculation). The 2024 figure was 14.7% lower (our calculation). Both are sample estimates, so part of that gap may be sampling error. Census does not publish advertising spending for cardiology practices or for NAICS 621111 on its own.

How many Americans die of heart disease each year?

Heart disease killed 683,491 U.S. residents in 2024, more than any other cause of death, according to final death certificate counts published by CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) (NCHS, Deaths: Leading Causes for 2024). That was 22.2% of all deaths in the country that year (NCHS). Spread evenly over the leap year, it comes to about 1,867 deaths a day, or one every 46 seconds (our calculation).

The age-adjusted death rate accounts for the population growing older, which makes years comparable. NCHS put the rate at 157.6 deaths per 100,000 in 2024 (NCHS Data Brief 548), down from 162.1 in 2023 (NCHS). The brief reports the fall between those two years as statistically significant.

Has the heart disease death rate fallen since 2000?

Yes, by a large margin. The age-adjusted rate was 257.6 deaths per 100,000 in 2000 (NCHS Data Brief 425) and 157.6 in 2024, a drop of 38.8% (our calculation). The decline reversed for a time. The rate was 161.5 in 2019 (NCHS Data Brief 425), rose 7.6% to 173.8 in 2021 (NCHS, Health, United States table) (our calculation), and then came back down. By 2024 it was 2.4% below its 2019 level (our calculation). All of these rates cover every age and use the same standard population.

Who dies of heart disease?

Mostly older adults, though not only them. NCHS counted 560,828 heart disease deaths at age 65 or older in 2024 (NCHS), which is 82.1% of the total (our calculation). That leaves 122,663 deaths at younger ages or with age not stated (our calculation). Heart disease was the second leading cause of death at ages 55-64, with 76,501 deaths (NCHS), and at ages 45-54, with 29,624 (NCHS). Cancer ranked first at both.

Men die of it more often. NCHS counted 376,875 deaths among men and 306,616 among women in 2024 (NCHS). The age-adjusted rate was 197.7 per 100,000 for men (NCHS table) and 123.8 for women (NCHS table), so the rate for men was 1.6 times the rate for women (our calculation).

The non-Hispanic Black rate was 1.2 times the non-Hispanic White rate (our calculation). NCHS cautions that death certificates can misreport race and Hispanic origin for groups other than non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White, so the Hispanic and Asian figures should be read with care.

How does Florida compare with the rest of the country?

Florida’s age-adjusted rate sits well below the national one. NCHS counted 49,877 heart disease deaths among Florida residents in 2022 (NCHS, Deaths: Final Data for 2022). Florida’s age-adjusted rate that year was 140.9 per 100,000 (NCHS), against 167.2 for the United States (NCHS), which is 15.7% lower (our calculation). Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, age-adjusted rates ran from 124.1 in Minnesota (NCHS) to 257.1 in Oklahoma (NCHS).

CDC’s Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention also publishes county rates, built from the same death certificates. They cover adults 35 and over, as a three-year average for 2022-2024, and county rates are spatially smoothed. Because they leave out younger adults, they run higher than the all-age rates above and cannot be compared with them.

All three South Florida counties are below the Florida rate, and Florida is below the national rate on this measure too. Across Florida’s counties, the same CDC table runs from 155.9 in Collier County (CDC) to 566.2 in Holmes County (CDC).

How common is coronary heart disease in Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties?

CDC PLACES, a set of model-based estimates built from 2023 BRFSS survey self-reports, puts coronary heart disease among adults at 7.9% in Palm Beach County (CDC PLACES), 6.7% in Broward (CDC PLACES) and 9.4% in Martin (CDC PLACES). The measure covers adults ever told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they had angina or coronary heart disease. These figures are modeled, not counted in each county.

Crude prevalence is the share of all adults, so it reflects how old a county’s residents are. Age-adjusted prevalence removes that difference. Martin has the highest crude rate of the three, yet its age-adjusted rate matches Broward’s at 5.4%. The adult counts apply each crude rate to the adults in the same PLACES record, so they carry the same uncertainty as the model.

How common are heart disease and high blood pressure among U.S. adults?

In 2025, 4.9% of U.S. adults 18 and over said a doctor or other health professional had told them they had coronary heart disease, according to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), run by NCHS (NCHS). The share was 5.8% among men (NCHS), 4% among women (NCHS) and 14.4% among adults 65 and over (NCHS). In the same survey, 2.8% of adults said they had ever had a heart attack (NCHS).

Blood pressure shows the gap between diagnosis and measurement. NHIS found 27.7% of adults reporting a hypertension diagnosis in 2025 (NCHS). NHANES, the federal survey that measures blood pressure directly, found 47.7% of adults had hypertension in August 2021-August 2023, counting anyone at 130/80 mm Hg or above or taking blood pressure medication (NCHS Data Brief 511). Among adults with hypertension in that survey, 59.2% knew they had it (NCHS), 51.2% reported taking medication to lower it (NCHS) and 20.7% had it controlled below 130/80 mm Hg (NCHS). The two surveys ask different things in different years, so the figures do not subtract neatly.

What does CDC say about the wider burden of heart disease and its cost?

CDC’s public fact pages give figures that cover more than heart disease, or that come from an association. Its Heart Disease Facts page says “One person dies every 34 seconds from cardiovascular disease” (CDC) and gives 919,032 cardiovascular disease deaths in 2023 (CDC). Cardiovascular disease is a wider category than heart disease alone. The 46-second figure above is for heart disease only.

The same page says about 805,000 people in the United States have a heart attack each year (CDC), and that health care services and medications for heart disease cost more than $168 billion between 2021 and 2022 (CDC). CDC attributes both to the American Heart Association’s annual statistics compilation, an association’s figures, which we did not re-check. A separate CDC page says high blood pressure was a primary or contributing cause of 680,179 deaths in 2024 (CDC), and that annual costs associated with it were an estimated $219 billion in 2019, citing a 2024 paper by Wang and colleagues in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine (CDC).

Two conditions cardiologists often treat have CDC figures too. CDC says nearly 6.7 million U.S. adults 20 and over have heart failure, also from the association compilation (CDC). On atrial fibrillation, CDC’s current page estimates that 12.1 million people “will have AFib by 2050,” in a sentence that repeats part of itself (CDC). A 2023 capture of the older CDC page gave the same 12.1 million for the year 2030 (CDC, 2023 capture). Readers should treat it as a projection, not a current count.

Do heart device and drug makers tell investors about video?

Only 1 of the 7 named makers’ newest annual reports, for fiscal 2025 or 2026, uses the word “video” at all (our calculation; we searched the full text of the fiscal 2025 reports from Boston Scientific, Abbott, Edwards Lifesciences, Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk, whose annual report is an exhibit to its Form 20-F, and Medtronic’s fiscal 2026 report). That report is Medtronic’s, and the video it describes is outside heart care: a surgical platform, Touch Surgery Enterprise, with AI-powered surgical videos to analyze performance and train on its robotics platform (Medtronic 10-K), plus video laryngoscopes for airway management.

0 of the 7 reports name YouTube or TikTok, and 0 use the word “webinar” (our calculation). What the reports describe instead is education in general terms. Boston Scientific says it builds digital tools to deliver remote physician education (Boston Scientific 10-K). Edwards Lifesciences says it runs educational symposia and best-practices training for physicians, hospital executives, nurses and clinical staff (Edwards 10-K). None gives a dollar figure for either. Annual reports describe channels broadly, so a missing word does not mean a company makes no videos.

What do heart device makers report selling?

Medtronic reported $13,976 million in Cardiovascular segment net sales worldwide in fiscal 2026, the year ended April 24, 2026, the largest single figure in the table below (Medtronic 10-K). Every figure is the company’s own reported sales for the line named, and the lines are not defined the same way from one company to the next.

Medtronic’s Cardiovascular segment was 38.4% of its fiscal 2026 net sales of $36,364 million (Medtronic 10-K), a share we calculated, and Cardiac Rhythm & Heart Failure was 53.7% of that segment (our calculation). Medtronic says Cardiac Rhythm & Heart Failure sales rose 17 percent in fiscal 2026, with strong growth in its pulsed field ablation products (Medtronic 10-K). Abbott’s five heart-related lines add up to $12,379 million for 2025 (our calculation), though its Vascular line also covers peripheral products.

Boston Scientific’s Electrophysiology sales were 4.2 times higher in 2025 than the $800 million of 2023 (Boston Scientific 10-K), a ratio we calculated. It credits its Farapulse pulsed field ablation system, launched in the U.S. in early 2024, for leading that growth (Boston Scientific 10-K). Its Watchman sales rose 53.7% over the same two years from $1,274 million (Boston Scientific 10-K), a percentage we calculated.

Edwards reports TAVR products at 74% of its 2025 net sales, down from 77% in 2023 (Edwards 10-K), on total net sales of $6,067.6 million (Edwards 10-K). Johnson & Johnson bought both of its newer heart businesses. It completed the Shockwave Medical deal on May 31, 2024 (Johnson & Johnson 10-K) at $335.00 per share (Johnson & Johnson 10-K), for an enterprise value of $13.1 billion (Johnson & Johnson 10-K). It completed the Abiomed deal on December 22, 2022 (Johnson & Johnson fiscal 2022 10-K), paying $380.00 per share in cash, $17.1 billion net of cash acquired, plus a contingent payment right (Johnson & Johnson 10-K). Its fiscal 2025 10-K reports Electrophysiology as a line of its own and names Biosense Webster only in a legal proceeding.

What do makers disclose about advertising spending?

Eli Lilly reported global advertising expenses of $2.9 billion in 2025, across the whole company, mostly online marketing and television (Lilly 10-K). Johnson & Johnson reported worldwide advertising of $1.6 billion in fiscal 2025, also across the whole company (Johnson & Johnson 10-K). Neither figure is cardiology advertising: both companies sell far more than heart products. Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott and Edwards do not state an advertising dollar figure in these reports.

Novo Nordisk gives only a broader line. Its sales and distribution costs were DKK 64,310 million in 2025, in a report filed with its Form 20-F (Novo Nordisk annual report), and it says the rise in US costs was mainly driven by promotional activities for Wegovy (Novo Nordisk annual report). That line covers far more than advertising.

Lilly also says it advertises certain products directly to consumers in the U.S. (Lilly 10-K) and warns that U.S. authorities may restrict direct-to-patient advertising of prescription drugs (Lilly 10-K). Novo Nordisk says a more consumer-driven market brings risks from direct to consumer marketing, which it manages partly by investing in telehealth channels (Novo Nordisk annual report).

What do GLP-1 makers say about the heart?

In its 2025 annual report, Novo Nordisk says the FDA has approved oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes at high risk (Novo Nordisk annual report 2025). It says the FDA also approved the Wegovy pill for weight management and reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events (Novo Nordisk annual report 2025), and updated the Wegovy label to reflect reduced heart failure hospitalisations or urgent visits, based on SELECT data (Novo Nordisk annual report 2025). Lilly’s fiscal 2025 report lists a cardiovascular indication for Trulicity, reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (Lilly 10-K), and lists tirzepatide with Cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes as submitted in the U.S. (Lilly 10-K).

Sales cover every approved use, so none of these figures is heart revenue. Novo Nordisk reported Wegovy sales of DKK 79,106 million in 2025 (Novo Nordisk annual report), Ozempic sales of DKK 127,089 million (Novo Nordisk annual report), and Obesity care sales of DKK 82,347 million (Novo Nordisk annual report). Eli Lilly reported Mounjaro revenue of $22,965 million and Zepbound revenue of $13,542 million in 2025 (Lilly 10-K).

Telehealth appears in just one maker’s report. 1 of the 7 reports uses “telehealth” or “telemedicine” (our calculation). Novo Nordisk mentions collaborations with select telehealth providers to widen access to semaglutide (Novo Nordisk annual report). None of the seven describes telemedicine in cardiology.

How do heart device makers reach cardiologists?

Shockwave Medical, before Johnson & Johnson bought it, said 591 of its 1,468 employees worked in sales, marketing and commercial operations at the end of 2023 (Shockwave 10-K), on revenue of $730.2 million that year (Shockwave 10-K). Heart device makers describe reaching cardiologists mainly through their own sales staff. It said its representatives market directly to interventional cardiologists, vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists and try to educate them on its products (Shockwave 10-K). Abiomed said a limited number of cardiac surgeons and interventional cardiologists have significant influence over which devices hospitals buy (Abiomed 10-K).

Two statements touch patients and remote care. Abiomed described Impella Connect as a cloud system for remote viewing of its heart pump controller by physicians and hospital staff (Abiomed 10-K); that is device monitoring, not a patient visit. Edwards lists barriers in patient activation, including disease awareness, detection and diagnosis, among the risks to the use of its TAVR therapy (Edwards 10-K).

How often do annual reports name cardiologists?

56 Form 10-K annual reports filed in 2025 contained “cardiologist” or “cardiologists,” by our count with SEC EDGAR full-text search (our calculation; one count per filing). From 2001 to 2025, 1,399 such filings came from 318 distinct registrants, with a peak of 70 in 2009, and 49 more were filed in 2026 through November 8 (our calculation). 32 of the 56 from 2025 came from medical device makers (our calculation). The yearly counts, filer names and query URLs are in our EDGAR counts file.

Full-text search has limits. It covers filings from 2001 on and counts Form 10-Ks only, so Novo Nordisk, which files Form 20-F, is outside it, as are private practices and hospitals. It leaves out 10-K/A amendments and the older 10-K405 form, and it does no stemming, so “videos” and “webinars” are separate terms. Filing year 2025 mostly means fiscal 2024 reports. The count measures a word, not a business.

8 of the 56 filings from 2025, or 14.3%, also contained “video” (our calculation), and 167 of the 1,399 did from 2001 to 2025, or 11.9% (our calculation). We read all 25 filings from 2024, 2025 and 2026 that contain both words: the first three mentions of “video” in each, and every sentence that puts video near an education, training, marketing, testimonial or learning word (our calculation; see the contexts file).

• 1 describes marketing video: Silk Road Medical, a carotid artery device maker, says its advertising costs include physician and patient testimonial videos (Silk Road 10-K), and it expensed $461,000 in advertising in 2023 (Silk Road 10-K).
• 6 describe recorded surgical video used to train surgeons in robotic and general surgery, from Medtronic and Intuitive Surgical, not heart care.
• 4 use it for remote care or patient monitoring, including HeartBeam, whose fiscal 2023 10-K says its planned heart-monitoring application will include HIPAA-compliant video conferencing for clinicians (HeartBeam 10-K).
• 1 uses it for a device imaging feature (Avinger), 9 for employee communications or a director’s biography (AngioDynamics, Amarin and Biotricity), and 4 for unrelated matters such as video games or a privacy law (Gaxos.ai and Verve Therapeutics).

So in this set, 1 company describes making marketing video, and none describes a video made to teach or market to cardiologists or heart patients. Across all years, 0 filings pair a cardiologist word with the exact phrases “educational video,” “marketing video,” “instructional video” or “promotional video,” or with the word “webinar” (our calculation). 2 pair it with “training video,” both from scPharmaceuticals in 10-Ks filed in 2018 and 2019, which listed training videos, a help line and warning labels as risk controls for its heart failure drug-delivery device (scPharmaceuticals 10-K).

12 filings from 2015 to 2026 pair a cardiologist word with “YouTube” (our calculation). 10 of them only list it among a company’s channels for investors, as AtriCure does when it names YouTube with its other social accounts (AtriCure 10-K). Filers name cardiologists mostly as customers, prescribers or sources of influence; they say little about how they reach them on screen.

What does FDA require of a broadcast drug ad, and is that changing in 2026?

FDA’s rule at 21 CFR 202.1 requires a prescription drug ad broadcast on radio or television to carry its major side effects and contraindications in the “audio or audio and visual parts” of the presentation (eCFR, 21 CFR 202.1). A final rule effective May 20, 2024 (Federal Register) requires that major statement to run in audio and text at the same time in TV-format ads, which the rule calls “dual modality” (eCFR, 21 CFR 202.1). The rule’s misbranding paragraph refers to an ad issued or caused to be issued by the “manufacturer, packer, or distributor” of the drug (eCFR, 21 CFR 202.1). Read alone, that paragraph does not decide whether a physician practice’s own video is covered in a given case. HHS’s penalty table sets the maximum civil penalty for a false or misleading direct-to-consumer drug ad at $377,701 for a first violation in any 3-year period (eCFR, 45 CFR 102.3). We read every rule in this section on November 8, 2026; each one links to the text we read.

The same rule excuses a broadcast ad from carrying a full brief summary when “adequate provision is made for dissemination of the approved or permitted product labeling” in connection with the broadcast (eCFR, 21 CFR 202.1). FDA said on September 9, 2025, that it was issuing approximately 100 cease-and-desist letters to companies with deceptive ads (FDA) and starting rulemaking to close what it called an “adequate provision” loophole created in 1997 (FDA). HHS’s Regulatory Plan, published August 14, 2026, says the coming rule will revise 21 CFR 202.1 to “eliminate the option” of meeting the brief summary requirement by pointing viewers to another source, and it lists a proposed rule for December 2026 (Federal Register). A Federal Register search on November 8, 2026, found no FDA proposed rule on the point yet.

What has FDA told makers of heart drugs about their ads since September 2025?

In untitled letters dated from 9/9/2025 (FDA list of untitled letters) through 4/23/2026 (FDA list of untitled letters), FDA’s Office of Prescription Drug Promotion told makers of heart drugs that their TV ads and one consumer web page were misleading. An untitled letter is a regulator’s notice to one company, not a court finding, and these letters went to drug makers, not physician practices.

Which FDA device rules govern promotion of heart valves and other cardiac devices?

FDA classifies a replacement heart valve as a Class III (premarket approval) device (eCFR, 21 CFR 870.3925), and a device approved that way may not be advertised “inconsistent with any conditions to approval” in its approval order (eCFR, 21 CFR 814.80). A device cleared through premarket notification is treated differently: any representation creating an “impression of official approval” because of that clearance is misleading and misbranding (eCFR, 21 CFR 807.97). A sponsor, investigator, or anyone acting for them may not “Promote or test market an investigational device” until FDA has approved it for commercial distribution (eCFR, 21 CFR 812.7). FDA reads a device’s intended uses from the objective intent of the people responsible for its labeling, which it says may be shown by “labeling claims, advertising matter, or oral or written statements” (eCFR, 21 CFR 801.4). Over-the-counter electrocardiograph software has its own definition, which says the device is “not intended to provide a diagnosis” (eCFR, 21 CFR 870.2345). These rules address the people and firms responsible for labeling and promotion. We make no claim about whether a given clinician’s video falls within them.

What do Florida’s 2026 rules say about a cardiologist’s advertising?

Florida’s physician statute lists “False, deceptive, or misleading advertising” as grounds for discipline (Florida Statutes 458.331), and the Board of Medicine may fine up to $10,000 for each count (Florida Statutes 456.072). The Board’s advertising rule treats an ad as false, deceptive or misleading if it creates false or “unjustified expectations of beneficial assistance” (Florida Administrative Code 64B8-11.001), or if it conveys that the physician has qualifications or skills “superior to other physicians” beyond a simple listing of earned achievements recognized by the Board (Florida Administrative Code 64B8-11.001). A physician who advertises on electronic media must keep an exact copy of each audio or video ad for at least six months after it airs (Florida Administrative Code 64B8-11.001). A rule development notice dated 11/5/2026 proposes adding the National Board of Physicians and Surgeons to the agencies the Board approves for advertising specialty certification (FLRules); it has not been adopted.

An ad for a free or discounted service must carry a fixed capitalized statement saying the patient may refuse to pay for any other service performed within 72 HOURS of responding to the ad (Florida Statutes 456.062). Florida’s Patient Brokering Act makes it a third-degree felony, with a fine of $50,000, to pay a commission, bonus, rebate or kickback to induce patient referrals, and the fine rises for larger cases (Florida Statutes 817.505). Whether a given marketing or lead-generation arrangement falls under that Act is a legal question this page does not answer.

What does Florida’s telehealth law say about telecardiology video and records?

Florida’s telehealth statute covers “synchronous or asynchronous” technology, so both live video visits and store-and-forward review count (Florida Statutes 456.47). Medical records of those services, including “video, audio, electronic, or other records”, are confidential under the same statute (Florida Statutes 456.47). A telehealth provider registered in Florida from out of state must “prominently display a hyperlink” on its website to the state’s page with its registration details (Florida Statutes 456.47). Florida’s records statute separately says a patient’s records may not be furnished to, and the patient’s condition may not be discussed with, anyone outside the patient’s care or legal representative “except upon written authorization from the patient” (Florida Statutes 456.057).

When does a patient video from a heart practice need HIPAA authorization?

A covered entity such as a cardiology practice “must obtain an authorization” from the patient before using protected health information for marketing, with exceptions only for face-to-face communications and promotional gifts of nominal value (eCFR, 45 CFR 164.508). HIPAA defines marketing as a communication about a product or service that encourages people to “purchase or use the product or service” (eCFR, 45 CFR 164.501). HIPAA’s de-identification rule lists “Full face photographic images” and comparable images among patient identifiers (eCFR, 45 CFR 164.514), and guidance from HHS’s Office for Civil Rights lists “Full-face photographs and any comparable images” the same way (HHS OCR). The rule’s list also includes biometric identifiers such as “finger and voice prints” (eCFR, 45 CFR 164.514).

HHS’s Office for Civil Rights has enforced these rules against filming and testimonial marketing. New York Presbyterian Hospital agreed in 2016 to pay $2.2 million and accept two years of monitoring after a film crew recorded patients for the series “NY Med” without their authorization (HHS OCR). In 2018, Boston Medical Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital reached settlements totaling $999,000 for inviting film crews to record patients for an ABC documentary series without first obtaining authorization (HHS OCR). Complete P.T., Pool & Land Physical Therapy, a Los Angeles-area practice and not a heart practice, agreed in 2016 to pay $25,000 after posting patient testimonials with full names and full-face photos on its website without valid authorizations (HHS OCR). These are settlements with individual providers, not court rulings.

What do FTC rules say about patient testimonials and doctors in cardiology ads?

The FTC’s Endorsement Guides, in the text published on July 26, 2023 (eCFR, 16 CFR Part 255), read a patient testimonial as a claim that the result is typical. If the advertiser cannot back that up, the ad should disclose the generally expected performance (eCFR, 16 CFR 255.2). When an endorsement uses both pictures and sound, as a video does, the disclosure belongs in both the visual and audible portions (eCFR, 16 CFR 255.0). The FTC’s rule on consumer reviews and testimonials (16 CFR Part 465) took effect on October 21, 2024 (Federal Register). The maximum civil penalty for knowingly violating an FTC rule is now $53,088 per violation (eCFR, 16 CFR 1.98). The Guides also address doctors directly. One example covers a doctor who claims in an ad that a drug will safely lower cholesterol, relying only on letters from satisfied consumers or a rodent study, and concludes that “both the advertiser and the doctor would be liable” for the misleading claim (eCFR, 16 CFR 255.3).

How long can Medicare patients keep using telehealth at home, and what about cardiac rehabilitation?

CMS’s Telehealth FAQ says Medicare patients can receive telehealth anywhere in the United States, at home included, through December 31, 2027 (CMS). After that, outside behavioral health, patients will generally need to be in a medical facility in a rural area (CMS). That date comes from section 6209 of Public Law 119-75, approved February 3, 2026, which replaced the January 30, 2026 end date in the Social Security Act with “ending December 31, 2027” (Public Law 119-75). Section 6211 of the same law, titled In-home cardiopulmonary rehabilitation flexibility, covers items and services furnished through audio and video real-time technology, excluding audio-only, in the home of a hospital outpatient on or after January 31, 2026 and before January 1, 2028 (Public Law 119-75). CMS’s FAQ also says that since January 1, 2026, a physician may meet direct supervision through real-time audio and video for services including “cardiac rehabilitation and intensive cardiac rehabilitation services” (CMS). CMS publishes its list of covered telehealth codes separately, and we did not check it for this edition, so we make no claim here about whether a given cardiac service is on it.

What do the AMA and ACC ethics codes say about testimonials and patient information?

The AMA Code of Medical Ethics and the American College of Cardiology Code of Ethics are professional guidance, not law. AMA Opinion 9.6.1 says patient testimonials about a physician’s skill “tend to be deceptive” when they do not reflect the results patients with comparable conditions generally receive (AMA Code of Medical Ethics). AMA Opinion 2.3.2 says physicians should publicly disclose financial interests related to their social media content, including “paid partnerships and corporate sponsorships” (AMA Code of Medical Ethics). The ACC is an association that sells membership and education to cardiologists; its code, updated in December 2021 and a condition of membership, says members should share patient information with the public “only with the appropriate consent and permission of the patient” (ACC Code of Ethics). This section summarizes published rules, letters and settlements. It is not legal or medical advice.

What do the popular heart numbers really say?

CDC’s current figure is one death from cardiovascular disease every 34 seconds, on 2023 data, and it has never been a heart-disease-only number. Four other numbers circulate the same way: a share of heart disease that is “80% preventable,” a heart attack “every 40 seconds,” “1 in 3 women,” and a video that lifts conversions by 80%. We read each at its source: CDC, the World Health Organization (WHO), the American Heart Association (AHA, an association whose statistics are a compilation) and the vendors that started the marketing claim. Pages that repeat a number are linked only as dated evidence of how it spread, never as a source for the number.

“Someone dies of heart disease every 33 seconds”

The sentence was written about cardiovascular disease, not heart disease, and CDC’s number is now 34 seconds. CDC’s Heart Disease Facts page, read in an October 2026 capture, says one person dies every 34 seconds from cardiovascular disease (CDC, archived) and that 919,032 people died of cardiovascular disease in 2023 (CDC, archived). Dividing the seconds in a year by that count gives 34.3 (our calculation), so the arithmetic holds for cardiovascular disease as a whole. CDC calls that total 1 in every 3 deaths (CDC, archived). It includes stroke and other circulatory disease.

The 33 was on CDC’s page for about two years. A capture from May 18, 2023 is the earliest we found at 33 seconds (CDC, archived), and a September 2024 capture still said 33 (CDC, archived). Before that, CDC’s page printed 37 in a December 2019 capture (CDC, archived), 36 in September 2020 (CDC, archived) and 34 in July 2022 (CDC, archived). The earlier captures we read of the same page, back to 2006, have no seconds sentence. When CDC printed 33 its page counted 2021 heart disease deaths. The AHA, working from 2021 data, put cardiovascular deaths at 2,552 a day (AHA release) and printed 34 seconds (AHA release); 2,552 a day is one every 33.9 seconds (our calculation). We did not find how CDC reached 33 from the same year.

Heart disease alone is slower than any of those figures. CDC counted 702,880 heart disease deaths in 2022 (CDC, archived), 1 in every 5 U.S. deaths that year (CDC, archived), which works out to one about every 45 seconds (our calculation). The AHA’s 2024 release, working from 2021 data, gives 1,905 heart disease deaths a day (AHA release), about one every 45 seconds as well (our calculation). By July 2025 CDC’s page had replaced the heart disease count with the cardiovascular total. The burden section of this page has the latest counts.

The wording is much older than CDC’s page. A February 1989 hospital newsletter repeated an AHA estimate of one cardiovascular death every 32 seconds (Pulse, archived), the earliest AHA-attributed form we found in a search of the Internet Archive’s books, magazines and reports. A 1994 Utah Department of Health report had already changed the disease to coronary heart disease, at 32 seconds (Utah DOH, archived). A February 1999 Navy medical bulletin credited the AHA with 33 seconds (Navy Medicine, archived), and the AHA’s 2001 statistical update, the earliest AHA document we read with that figure, says 33 (AHA, archived). A fact sheet for the 2004 Surgeon General’s report on smoking also said 33 (Surgeon General, archived). The AHA’s own figure moved with each year’s death count: 34 in 2004 (AHA, archived), 37 in 2008 (AHA, archived), 40 in its December 2013 release on 2010 data (AHA release) and 38 in 2018 (AHA, archived).

Repeats narrow it further. A 2023 Rhode Island Senate measure says a person dies every 33 seconds “of a heart attack” (Rhode Island General Assembly). The AHA’s own 2013 release put deaths from heart disease in the coronary sense at about one every 90 seconds (AHA release), so the word “heart” has carried very different numbers. Use instead: “One U.S. death from cardiovascular disease every 34 seconds on 2023 data (CDC). Heart disease alone: about one every 45 seconds, from 702,880 deaths in 2022 (our calculation).”

“80% of heart disease is preventable”

The figure comes from a 2005 WHO claim about premature disease if every major risk factor were removed, and CDC’s own avoidable-death estimates are far lower. WHO’s report Preventing chronic diseases: a vital investment says in its foreword that at least 80% of all heart disease, stroke and diabetes are preventable (WHO, archived), captions the claim as 80% of premature heart disease, stroke and diabetes (WHO, archived), and states the condition plainly on page 18: if the major risk factors were eliminated, at least 80% of all heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes would be prevented (WHO, archived). None of the three sentences cites a study, and the last is a hypothetical in which the risk factors are gone. Two years earlier a WHO and FAO expert report wrote that up to 80% of coronary heart disease cases “could potentially be avoided” through lifestyle changes (WHO, archived), citing the Nurses’ Health Study paper discussed below among three references. WHO’s current fact sheet no longer prints the figure: it says most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing behavioural and environmental risk factors (WHO).

The study behind the coronary figure was a cohort of U.S. nurses, not a prevention trial. Stampfer and colleagues (New England Journal of Medicine, 2000) followed 84,129 women for 14 years (NEJM abstract, PubMed) and attributed 82% of the cohort’s coronary events to not following a low-risk pattern of diet, weight, exercise, moderate alcohol and no smoking (NEJM abstract, PubMed). Only 3 percent of the women met the whole pattern (NEJM abstract, PubMed). The figure compares everyone with that small group. It shows how much of the risk in one group of women could be attributed to these factors, not what share of disease a program would actually prevent. A worldwide case-control study, INTERHEART (Yusuf, The Lancet, 2004), found nine risk factors accounted for 90% of the population attributable risk of heart attack in men (Lancet abstract, PubMed), but those factors include blood lipids, blood pressure and diabetes, not only lifestyle.

CDC asks a narrower, countable question and gets a smaller answer. Its analysis of 2008 to 2010 deaths estimated that 91,757 deaths from diseases of the heart in people under 80 could be prevented each year if all states matched the three states with the lowest rates (CDC MMWR, archived). Its 2013 Vital Signs report said nearly one fourth of all cardiovascular disease deaths are avoidable, defining avoidable as deaths before age 75 from certain causes (CDC MMWR, archived). The World Heart Federation, an association, prints the unqualified version, 80% of cardiovascular disease is preventable (WHF). AARP reported in 2022 that the AHA says more than 80 percent of cardiovascular events may be prevented by healthy lifestyle and management of known risk factors, and named no study (AARP). A 2015 Texas House resolution wrote that 80 percent of cardiac events can be prevented (Texas House). Use instead: “If the major risk factors were eliminated, at least 80% of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes would be prevented (WHO, 2005).” Or the measured version: “Nearly one fourth of U.S. cardiovascular deaths were avoidable by CDC’s under-75 definition (2010).” Do not write “80% of heart disease is preventable” without the condition.

“Video on a landing page lifts conversions by 80%”

The figure is a best case from one video vendor, EyeView, about online trading sites, and we found no cardiology study behind it. EyeView’s blog reported that eToro visitors who viewed its video were 20% more likely to download the product (December 2008) (EyeView, archived). In February 2009 it said UMOO viewers were 80% more likely to become depositing users, comparing viewers with non-viewers for one client, with no sample size (EyeView, archived). EyeView’s later white paper hedged the claim; our fact-check page has the longer trace from other pages on this site.

The scope fell away in repeats. By August 2010 Unbounce, a landing-page software seller, wrote that video on landing pages can increase conversion by 80% (Unbounce, archived). In health marketing, Practice Builders, which sells to medical practices, credits Hyperfine Media for the same 80 percent (Practice Builders). Two searches for a cardiology-specific repeat of the number found none; cardiology marketing pages we read sell video without printing it. Use instead: nothing. There is no cardiology measurement behind this number. The evidence section of this page has the studies that did test video with heart patients.

“Someone has a heart attack every 40 seconds”

The figure is arithmetic on CDC’s estimate of 805,000 heart attacks a year, and that estimate rests on 2005 to 2014 data, not a yearly count. CDC’s page says someone has a heart attack every 40 seconds (CDC, archived) and that about 805,000 people have one every year (CDC, archived). 805,000 attacks a year is one every 39.2 seconds (our calculation). CDC credits the AHA’s 2023 statistics update for both. The AHA’s 2022 at-a-glance sheet says the estimate of 605,000 new attacks a year, with recurrent attacks added, comes from data from 2005 to 2014 (AHA, archived).

The estimate has moved with its source. An AHA sheet from 2018 gave 720,000 new attacks a year before recurrences (AHA, archived), and a December 2011 capture of CDC’s page said 785,000 Americans have a first heart attack each year (CDC, archived). Use instead: “An estimated 805,000 heart attacks a year in the U.S., about one every 40 seconds (CDC, citing the AHA’s estimate from 2005 to 2014 data).” It should not be described as a count of heart attacks.

“1 in 3 women die of heart disease”

CDC counts heart disease as about 1 in every 5 female deaths in 2023, and the AHA’s 1 in 3 refers to all cardiovascular disease. CDC says heart disease was responsible for the deaths of 304,970 women in 2023 (CDC, archived), about 1 in every 5 female deaths (CDC, archived). Its older fact sheet said 289,758 women died of heart disease in 2013, then about one in four (CDC, archived). The AHA’s Go Red for Women page says cardiovascular disease causes 1 in 3 deaths of women each year (AHA Go Red, archived). The AHA’s 2008 update said one in six female deaths was from coronary heart disease (AHA, archived), which is the AHA’s own narrower figure. Use instead: “Heart disease caused about 1 in every 5 U.S. female deaths in 2023 (CDC); cardiovascular disease, which also includes stroke, about 1 in 3 (AHA).”

Every popular claim our research pages trace, 853 in all, is on one page: popular video statistics, fact-checked.

How we built this page

We started from the questions people search for about cardiology video statistics and looked for the organization that actually produced each answer. Every figure on this page sits in an evidence ledger with its source, the exact table or paragraph it came from, the measurement period, the population measured, and the date we checked it. This edition holds 685 figures from 75 publishers.

On November 8, 2026, each sourced figure on this page was re-fetched with the fetch cache cleared and matched against the recorded wording: CMS’s Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners files through the data.cms.gov data API; BLS occupation wage estimates and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (through the BLS data API and data files) and Employment Projections pages (through Internet Archive copies, because bls.gov refuses automated requests); Census County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, the 2022 Economic Census and the Annual Integrated Economic Survey (through the Census data API); CDC data through data.cdc.gov; CDC, NCHS and other pages through Internet Archive copies where the live page refuses scripts; American Board of Medical Specialties, American Board of Internal Medicine, ACGME, AMA and AAMC pages; eCFR, the Federal Register, FDA pages, public laws on govinfo.gov, the Florida Statutes and the Board of Medicine’s advertising rule; SEC filings on EDGAR; journal abstracts (PubMed abstracts and PubMed Central papers re-read through NCBI’s E-utilities, because the pages answer scripts with a bot check); and the pages behind each popular claim. Our Medicare counts come from CMS’s own files, our YouTube figures from the YouTube Data API and our filing counts from EDGAR full-text search. We left out sources whose robots rules bar AI agents, among them the American Heart Association’s journals site, JACC, the New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA Network, The Lancet, Healio and CDC WONDER (for those journals we use only the PubMed abstract; NCHS’s published tables and data.cdc.gov replace WONDER), and congress.gov (public laws are cited from govinfo.gov), and ftc.gov pages (they answer scripts with an error page, so FTC rules are cited from eCFR and the Federal Register).

We only cite the producer: government agencies, regulators, company filings and official posts, and the survey owner's own report. We do not cite statistics roundups, Statista-style aggregators, or salary sites without a public method. We did not bypass paywalls or sign-up forms; where a full report was gated, we used only the figures its publisher states publicly.

Figures marked "our calculation" are arithmetic on the cited numbers, and anyone can reproduce them:

This edition contains no Mark Studios customer data.

Limitations

• Cardiologist counts differ by source. Board certificate counts include physicians who are retired or not seeing patients and can count one physician in several subspecialties; CMS counts only those who billed Medicare fee-for-service for at least 11 patients; BLS counts wage and salary jobs. We print them side by side rather than pick one.
• BLS suppresses much of the local cardiologist data. Florida’s employment estimate has a relative standard error of about 28%, Miami’s employment is not released and Port St. Lucie has no series at all. OEWS has no county estimates.
• Physician-office figures are not heart-practice figures. BLS and Census count cardiology practices inside offices of physicians (NAICS 621111), shared with every other specialty, and each such figure is labelled.
• Our Medicare figures cover fee-for-service Part B only. They leave out Medicare Advantage and every non-Medicare patient, and each CPT code is one variant of a procedure, not the whole procedure family. A fall in a code is not proof of less care. CMS hides lines with fewer than 11 patients. County totals use each provider’s listed ZIP code, and a ZIP split across counties goes to the county holding most of its land. Payments are before inflation, and facility lines are generally the professional fee only.
• Our YouTube read follows YouTube’s ranking. The 563 videos are what YouTube’s search returned for three terms (the top 200 results of each, sorted by views, with no country filter) on November 8, 2026. It is not a census of heart video, view counts are lifetime snapshots, and we sorted 413 channels by hand from their public text without checking credentials. We do not name patients, so patient and family channels are not listed by name.
• Study results come from specific settings. Each content study sampled the top results for one topic on one date and defined “health professional” its own way, and many are small or from one country. Most education trials are small and single-center, and several add video to existing education instead of replacing it. We found no national survey of how many cardiology practices use video.
• Association and company figures are their own. The American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, the World Heart Federation and the makers of heart devices and drugs each have a stake in these numbers, and each is labelled. Every “earliest we found” in the origins section rests on web pages, press, PubMed and the Internet Archive; newspaper databases were not searched.

How to cite this page

For a single figure, cite the original publisher named next to it, and link here if the verification trail is useful to your readers. Each figure has its own anchor, so you can link straight to it, for example https://www.markstudios.com/research/cardiology-video-statistics#DRV-210. To cite the page as a whole:

Mark Studios. "Cardiology Video Statistics." Last verified Nov 8, 2026. https://www.markstudios.com/research/cardiology-video-statistics

@misc{markstudios_cardiology_video_statistics_2026,
  author = {{Mark Studios}},
  title = {{Cardiology Video Statistics}},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  url = {https://www.markstudios.com/research/cardiology-video-statistics},
  note = {Last verified 2026-11-08}
}

Our calculations and the evidence table are free to reuse with attribution and a link to this page. Each underlying figure remains the claim of its original publisher, and some publishers ask for a link when their figures are reused.

Sources

Download the evidence table (CSV)

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2. Digital Health (Langford et al.), Use of YouTube to watch health-related videos and participation in online support groups among US adults with heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension. (2022-08-24). Accessed 2026-11-08.
3. Digital Health (Tao et al.), Quality and reliability assessment of myocardial infarction short videos on Bilibili and TikTok: A cross-sectional study. (2026-03-23). Accessed 2026-11-08.
4. Frontiers in Public Health (Li et al.), The quality and reliability of short videos about myocardial infarction on TikTok: a cross-sectional study. (2026-03-12). Accessed 2026-11-08.
5. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (Fialho et al.), Acute myocardial infarction on YouTube - is it all fake news? (2021-11-17). Accessed 2026-11-08.
6. Cureus (Kahlam et al.), Assessment of YouTube Videos in Patient Education for Coronary Artery Disease: A DISCERN-Based Cross-Sectional Analysis. (2024-06-23). Accessed 2026-11-08.
7. JMIR Formative Research (Gong et al.), The Quality of Short Videos as a Source of Coronary Heart Disease Information on TikTok: Cross-Sectional Study. (2024-09-03). Accessed 2026-11-08.
8. Scientific Reports (Hao et al.), Evaluating the quality of TikTok videos on coronary artery disease using various scales to examine correlations with video characteristics and high-quality content. (2025-03-17). Accessed 2026-11-08.
9. Sisli Etfal Hastanesi Tip Bulteni (Cetin et al.), The Evaluation of YouTube™ English Videos' Quality About Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. (2023-03-21). Accessed 2026-11-08.
10. Cureus (Nazar et al.), Assessment of the Quality and Reliability of Information on YouTube Regarding Angiography and Angioplasty. (2023-09-25). Accessed 2026-11-08.
11. Frontiers in Public Health (Luo et al.), Does YouTube Provide Qualified Patient Education Videos About Atrial Fibrillation? (2022-07-11). Accessed 2026-11-08.
12. International Journal of Cardiology (Camm et al.), Does YouTube provide high-quality resources for patient education on atrial fibrillation ablation? (2018-08-24). Accessed 2026-11-08.
13. Journal of Arrhythmia (Sood et al.), A critical analysis of online patient-directed resources on catheter ablation for ventricular arrhythmias. (2025-03-06). Accessed 2026-11-08.
14. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy (Khalil et al.), Evaluation of YouTube as a reliable source for patient education on aortic valve stenosis. (2019-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
15. Cureus (Nus et al.), The Quality of MitraClip™ Content on YouTube. (2023-08-21). Accessed 2026-11-08.
16. Scientific Reports (Wu et al.), The quality and reliability of short videos about hypertension on TikTok: a cross-sectional study. (2025-07-11). Accessed 2026-11-08.
17. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension (Kumar et al.), Are video sharing web sites a useful source of information on hypertension? (2014-05-09). Accessed 2026-11-08.
18. Journal of the American Heart Association (Wang et al.), Social Media as a Source of Blood Pressure Measurement Education: Evaluation of Short-Form Video Quality in China. (2026-07-25). Accessed 2026-11-08.
19. Frontiers in Public Health (Gong et al.), TikTok video as a health education source of information on heart failure in China: a content analysis. (2023-12-11). Accessed 2026-11-08.
20. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (Baydar et al.), Cholesterol management videos on YouTube: a comprehensive analysis of content and quality. (2026-07-28). Accessed 2026-11-08.
21. Cureus (Tezcan et al.), Assessing the Quality and Reliability of Cardiac Rehabilitation Information on YouTube: A Systematic Evaluation. (2024-06-20). Accessed 2026-11-08.
22. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology (Tang et al.), YouTube Videos of Pacemaker Implantation: An Assessment of Information Content and Quality. (2025-01-20). Accessed 2026-11-08.
23. Scientific Reports (Yan et al.), Quality and reliability of hyperlipidemia-related short videos on mainstream social media platforms: a cross-sectional study. (2026-03-04). Accessed 2026-11-08.
24. American Heart Journal (Lattuca et al.), Impact of video on the understanding and satisfaction of patients receiving informed consent before elective inpatient coronary angiography: A randomized trial. (2018-03-12). Accessed 2026-11-08.
25. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions (Yap et al.), A randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of a portable patient education video prior to coronary angiography and angioplasty. (2019-12-22). Accessed 2026-11-08.
26. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice (Ayasrah et al.), Educational Video Intervention Effects on Periprocedural Anxiety Levels Among Cardiac Catheterization Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (2016). Accessed 2026-11-08.
27. Contemporary Nurse (Hu et al.), A quasi-experimental study examining QR code-based video education program on anxiety, adherence, and satisfaction in coronary angiography patients. (2020-09-16). Accessed 2026-11-08.
28. Journal of Medical Internet Research (Shi et al.), The Effectiveness of Digital Animation-Based Multistage Education for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation: Randomized Clinical Trial. (2025-03-11). Accessed 2026-11-08.
29. JAMA Network Open (McIntyre et al.), Clinician-Created Video Education for Patients With AF: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (2023-12-01). Accessed 2026-11-08.
30. npj Digital Medicine (Di Pietro et al.), Video clips for patient comprehension of atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis in emergency care. A randomised clinical trial. (2024-04-30). Accessed 2026-11-08.
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201. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Untitled Letter, NDA 211617, NEXLIZET (bempedoic acid and ezetimibe) tablets, MA 598 (2025-12-19). Accessed 2026-11-08.
202. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Untitled Letter, NDA 215515, AMVUTTRA (vutrisiran) injection, MA 352 (2026-04-23). Accessed 2026-11-08.
203. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (rule text via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 21 CFR Part 870 -- Cardiovascular Devices (2026-11-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
204. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (rule text via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 21 CFR 814.80 -- General (2026-11-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
205. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (rule text via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 21 CFR 807.97 -- Misbranding by reference to premarket notification (2026-11-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
206. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (rule text via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 21 CFR 812.7 -- Prohibition of promotion and other practices (2026-11-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
207. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (rule text via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 21 CFR 801.4 -- Meaning of intended uses (2026-11-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
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212. The Florida Legislature, The 2026 Florida Statutes, 456.062 Advertisement by a health care practitioner of free or discounted services; required statement (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
213. The Florida Legislature, The 2026 Florida Statutes, 817.505 Patient brokering prohibited; exceptions; penalties (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
214. The Florida Legislature, The 2026 Florida Statutes, 456.47 Use of telehealth to provide services (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
215. The Florida Legislature, The 2026 Florida Statutes, 456.057 Ownership and control of patient records (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
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218. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (rule text via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 45 CFR 164.514 -- Other requirements relating to uses and disclosures of protected health information (2026-11-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
219. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, Guidance Regarding Methods for De-identification of Protected Health Information in Accordance with the HIPAA Privacy Rule (2025-02-03). Accessed 2026-11-08.
220. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, Unauthorized Filming for "NY Med" Results in $2.2 Million Settlement with New York Presbyterian Hospital (2016-04-21). Accessed 2026-11-08.
221. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, Unauthorized Disclosure of Patients’ Protected Health Information During ABC Television Filming (2018-09-20). Accessed 2026-11-08.
222. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, Physical therapy provider settles violations that it impermissibly disclosed patient information (2016-02-12). Accessed 2026-11-08.
223. Federal Trade Commission (rule text via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 16 CFR Part 255 -- Guides Concerning Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising (2023-07-26). Accessed 2026-11-08.
224. Federal Trade Commission (Federal Register), Trade Regulation Rule on the Use of Consumer Reviews and Testimonials (Federal Register, 2024-08-22) (2024-08-22). Accessed 2026-11-08.
225. Federal Trade Commission (rule text via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 16 CFR 1.98 -- Adjustment of civil monetary penalty amounts (2025-01-17). Accessed 2026-11-08.
226. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Telehealth FAQ (updated 10/8/26) (2026-10-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
227. U.S. Government Publishing Office (Public Law 119-75, Congress), Public Law 119-75, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 (2026-02-03). Accessed 2026-11-08.
228. American Medical Association (Code of Medical Ethics, professional guidance), Opinion 9.6.1 Advertising & Publicity (2026-11-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
229. American Medical Association (Code of Medical Ethics, professional guidance), Opinion 2.3.2 Professionalism in the Use of Social Media (2026-11-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
230. American College of Cardiology (association, sells membership and education into the field), American College of Cardiology Code of Ethics (2021-12). Accessed 2026-11-08.
231. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Heart Disease Facts (2024-10-24). Accessed 2026-11-08.
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236. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Heart Disease Facts (2022-07). Accessed 2026-11-08.
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239. Utah Department of Health, Health Behaviors...Utahns: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1993 Report (1994). Accessed 2026-11-08.
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241. American Heart Association (association; statistics compiled from CDC/NCHS and NHLBI data), 2001 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update (2001). Accessed 2026-11-08.
242. U.S. Surgeon General (fact sheet for the 2004 report, Tobacco Information and Prevention Source), The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General - Smoking Among Adults: Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke (fact sheet) (2004). Accessed 2026-11-08.
243. American Heart Association (association; statistics compiled from CDC/NCHS and NHLBI data), Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics - 2004 Update (2004). Accessed 2026-11-08.
244. American Heart Association (association; statistics compiled from CDC/NCHS and NHLBI data), Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics - 2008 Update (2008). Accessed 2026-11-08.
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250. World Health Organization, Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) fact sheet (Not stated on fetched page). Accessed 2026-11-08.
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255. World Heart Federation (association), About WHF: Driving Global Heart Health Initiatives (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
256. AARP (reporting the American Heart Association), Heart healthy checklist (AARP, 2022) (2022). Accessed 2026-11-08.
257. Texas House of Representatives, H.R. No. 163, 84th Legislature (2015). Accessed 2026-11-08.
258. EyeView Digital (video production and testing vendor; sold the videos it tested), EyeView - The new "Conversion" game (2008-12-04). Accessed 2026-11-08.
259. EyeView Digital (video production and testing vendor; sold the videos it tested), UMOO - a prime beef example of EyeView's success (2009-02-10). Accessed 2026-11-08.
260. Unbounce (landing-page software seller), The benefits of using video on landing pages (2010-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
261. Practice Builders (sells marketing to medical practices), 5 Video Marketing Ideas for Your Healthcare Practice (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
262. American Heart Association (association; statistics compiled from CDC/NCHS and NHLBI data), 2022 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics Update - At-a-Glance (2022). Accessed 2026-11-08.
263. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Heart Disease Facts (2011-12). Accessed 2026-11-08.
264. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Women and Heart Disease (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
265. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Women and Heart Disease Fact Sheet (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
266. American Heart Association, Go Red for Women (association), The Facts about Women and Heart Disease (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-08.

Update policy and change log

We re-verify every figure quarterly and when a major source publishes a new edition. The next scheduled review is February 2027. Corrections go to contact@markstudios.com.

• Nov 8, 2026: First published with 694 figures from 76 publishers, each checked against its original source.
• Nov 9, 2026: Removed the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) fellowship match figures; NRMP’s reports don’t permit use of their data with AI tools without written consent.