Dance Studio Video Statistics

Key takeaways

1. Dance studios and schools posting as themselves made 20.0% of the on-topic videos among YouTube’s most-viewed dance class, dance recital and ballet class results and drew 23.7% of their views. Individual teachers and choreographers drew 24.3%, and family or personal uploads 13.2% (our read, Nov 8, 2026). (Mark Studios) See details
2. Family and personal uploads made 79.4% of the sample’s videos with ‘recital’ in the title, and dance studios posted 3. None of the 107 dance studio videos in the sample offered tickets, a DVD or a paid stream of a recital in its title or description. (Mark Studios) See details
3. U.S.-placed dance studios were 10 channels that drew 2.1% of those views, and none of the 326 channels placed itself in Palm Beach, Broward or Martin County (our read). (Mark Studios) See details
4. BLS counted 16,299 private fine arts schools in 2025, up from 14,334 in 2019, but that category holds dance, music, drama and art schools together and no federal series counts dance studios alone. Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties had 203 with paid employees in 2023. (BLS) See details
5. Employers counted 8,130 dancers and 2,860 choreographers on U.S. payrolls in May 2025. Median pay was $24.80 an hour for dancers and $55,310 a year for choreographers. Those counts leave out the self-employed. (BLS) See details
6. Five dance franchise systems with current Minnesota filings reported 689 outlets at the end of 2025, 73 of them in Florida, and the systems grew 28.1% from the start of 2023 (our count from franchise disclosure documents). (Mark Studios) See details
7. In our calculation from the Census Bureau’s arts survey data, 21.8% of U.S. adults did social dancing and 2.1% took dance lessons in the 12 months ending July 2022. Adults who went to a live ballet were 1.9% in 2022 and 3.1% in 2017. (Mark Studios) See details
8. CPSC’s NEISS 2025 case file implies an estimated 63,050 emergency-department visits for injuries coded to dancing, 44.1% of them for people under 19, against 62,209 in 2024 (our calculation from case weights, with no margin of error). (CPSC) See details
9. ASCAP says it does not license synchronization, the right to put music in a video. Its dance school agreement extends to one dance recital a year and does not authorize transmission outside of the premises. (ASCAP) See details
10. “Dancing reduces dementia risk 76%” reads a hazard ratio of 0.24 from a 2003 observational study of 469 people older than 75. The paper does not print 76%, and its authors said the findings do not establish a causal relation. (New England Journal of Medicine) See details
11. “300-800 calories an hour” traces to calculator sites with no source. A CDC page listed dancing at about 330 calories an hour for a 154-pound person. (CDC) See details

Who makes the most-viewed dance class and dance recital videos on YouTube?

Dance studios and schools posting as themselves made 20.0% of the on-topic videos among the most-viewed dance class, dance recital and ballet class videos on YouTube on November 8, 2026, and drew 23.7% of their lifetime views (our count). We read YouTube's own view-sorted search results for 'dance class', 'dance recital' and 'ballet class', the first four pages for each, through the YouTube Data API with no country filter, and classified every channel by hand from its own title, description and video text. It is one view-sorted search on one day, not a census of dance video.

The three lists held 537 unique videos from 326 channels, with 12,631,189,809 lifetime views in all. They barely overlapped: only 15 videos were in two or more lists. Leaving out one off-topic video, an electronic dance music producer's music video, leaves 536 on-topic videos with 12,035,776,763 views, and the median one had 8,690,513 views. View counts are lifetime snapshots and include ad views. None of the 537 was a piano or other music recital: the only titles naming a piano are ballet class music, which we kept with the brands and sellers.

60 dance studio or school channels and 84 family or personal uploaders appeared in the November 8, 2026 sample. Recital and class videos show children, so we publish no channel title, handle or video title for family and personal uploads or for any video whose title or channel names a child: 179 of the on-topic videos appear in our table only as a class and counts (our count).

How much of dance YouTube comes from a few channels?

The ten biggest channels drew 39.6% of the on-topic views in our November 8, 2026 sample, and the three biggest drew 23.5% (our count). The largest, ywddxwls, is a dance teacher's channel of short clips of small children in class that says it comes from China; it posted 19 of the sample's videos and drew 12.4% of the views on its own. G M Dance Centre, a studio in India, drew 6.0%.

The most-viewed video was Radio City Music Hall's short on the Rockettes' dance telephone, with 622,514,279 views. Second was a short of a four-year-old in a dance class from ywddxwls, with 446,004,212 views. The most-viewed video from a dance studio or school was a kids' class video from G M Dance Centre, with 203,077,034 views. The most-viewed video from a U.S.-placed studio or school was from Revival Dance Project, with 54,519,886 views.

Where are the dance studio channels based, and do Florida studios appear?

Most studio channels in the most-viewed lists are outside the United States: 29 of the 60 dance studio and school channels in our November 8, 2026 sample were in India, and they drew 16.6% of the on-topic views (our count, from each channel's country setting or, where that was blank, the place its own text names). 10 U.S.-placed dance studio and school channels appeared; they posted 5.2% of the on-topic videos and drew 2.1% of the views. U.S.-placed individual teachers and choreographers drew 1.4%. A channel counts as U.S.-placed when its own text names a U.S. place or its country setting is the United States.

Florida barely appears. The only Florida-placed channel was Miami Royal Ballet and Dance in Coral Gables, Miami-Dade County, whose one video in the sample had 1,016,842 views. None of the 326 channels behind the sample placed itself in Palm Beach, Broward or Martin County. A search on more queries, or a regional one, might find Florida studios that this view-sorted global search did not.

Who posts recital videos, and does any studio sell or stream its recital?

Family and personal uploads made 79.4% of the on-topic videos with 'recital' in the title in our November 8, 2026 sample, and dance studios and schools posted only 3 of them (our count). Family and personal uploads also made 18 of the 19 titles naming a dance competition. No studio in the sample appeared to sell its recital: none of the 107 dance studio and school videos offered tickets, a DVD or a paid stream of a recital in its title or description. Studios that posted whole recitals on YouTube did so free to watch; a full 2022 recital show and a 2025 youth ballet production are among them. We read only each video's own title and description, so a studio may sell recital video through its own site.

How do the dance class, dance recital and ballet class searches differ?

Dance studios and schools drew 32.5% of the views for 'dance class' but 4.5% for 'dance recital' and 9.3% for 'ballet class' (our count, on-topic videos in each list). Family and personal uploads made 60.2% of the 'dance recital' list and drew 28.7% of its views; individual teachers and choreographers drew 39.1% of the views for 'ballet class'.

The median on-topic video had 21,580,214 views for 'dance class', 4,205,499 for 'dance recital' and 2,145,213 for 'ballet class'.

What do the most-viewed dance video titles promise?

Titles naming a class or lesson made 36.0% of the 536 on-topic videos in our November 8, 2026 sample, ahead of titles naming kids or toddlers at 19.8% and recitals at 12.7%. Share of the 536 on-topic videos and of their views, by what the title says (our count; a title can carry several flags, hashtags count, and school grades and the song 'First Class' do not count as a class):

Only 1 of the 536 on-topic titles named TikTok.

How long are the most-viewed dance videos, and how many are marked for kids?

Videos of 60 seconds or less were 40.5% of the on-topic videos in our November 8, 2026 sample and drew 51.9% of the views; the median short had 14,062,612 views, against 5,962,334 for longer videos (our count). 49.1% of the videos were published in 2024 or later. 86 of the videos were marked made for kids by their uploaders, and those drew 18.0% of the views; 21 of them came from dance studios and schools. YouTube's altered or synthetic content field was absent from every one of the 537 videos.

How often do U.S. dance brands and studios post to YouTube?

We read 15 official channels: 5 U.S. dance brands whose channels we could confirm by handle (Fred Astaire Dance Studios, Broadway Dance Center, Steps on Broadway, Tutu School and Millennium Dance Complex; we could not confirm channels for Arthur Murray or Dance With Me under the handles we tried) and the 10 U.S.-placed studio and school channels found in the search sample. In the year to November 8, 2026 they posted 1,179 videos in all, the median channel posted 15, 6 channels posted 100 or more, and 3 posted nothing: Tutu School, Millennium Dance and Dance Nation Studio (our count, from each channel's uploads playlist).

Those uploads had a median of 3,089 views per video, and 61.7% ran 60 seconds or less. The 5 brand channels had a median of 351 views per upload; the 10 U.S. studio channels from the sample, which include ballet schools and online schools that already get views, had 23,242. Broadway Dance Center posted 291 videos with a median of 247 views, while Master Ballet Academy, a ballet school in Scottsdale, Arizona, posted 179 with a median of 255,894. Upload counts come from each channel's uploads playlist; views and subscribers are lifetime snapshots read on November 8, 2026.

Does video feedback or video modelling improve dance learning?

Video feedback has helped in small single-case studies: in a 2020 study of 3 adolescents on one competitive dance team, video self-evaluation improved every targeted dance move (Giambrone, Behavior Analysis in Practice). The design follows each dancer over time and has no separate control group, so it shows change in those dancers and cannot give an average effect. A 2022 pilot used a bundle of coaching procedures, including video modeling with video feedback, with 4 students aged 6 to 13, and target skills improved for every student (Quinn, Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis). The bundle means video’s own share of that gain cannot be separated out.

Video does not always beat other methods. In a 2023 comparison with four beginner students, every student did better on moves taught with TAGteach, a method that marks correct movement with a clicker, than on moves taught with video self-evaluation, and the authors say the result should be tempered until more research is done (Goben, Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis). A 2018 German study of 18 second-year dance students compared learning from a video of a model with learning from a recorded verbal description and found better recall after the video (Bläsing, Frontiers in Psychology). That study compared two kinds of recording and did not test live teaching.

How the video is shown has been tested only in small experiments, with mixed results. A 2021 randomized experiment by University of Ottawa researchers with 51 participants learning a pirouette found no significant differences between the three groups that watched slow-motion, real-time or mixed-speed video, and it had no group without video (Lelievre, Human Movement Science). A 2019 University of Ottawa experiment found that watching a skilled model on 10% to 75% of practice trials, with learners choosing when, was equally beneficial for learning the same skill (St Germain, Journal of Sports Sciences); its abstract does not give a sample size. A 2026 study of 24 novices in Tunisia found better recall during learning with interactive video that could be paused and replayed than with passive video (Mhamdi, Perceptual and Motor Skills); the abstract does not mention random assignment. A 2026 preregistered study of 32 dancers learning choreography from pre-recorded video found that a view from behind the model gave the best results, especially for less trained dancers (Versace, PLOS ONE).

One experiment set a TikTok video directly against a teacher. A 2026 randomized study of 120 physical education undergraduates found no statistically significant difference, on five expert-rated measures one week later, between students taught a short routine by a teacher in a classroom and students who watched a TikTok video of it (Choresh, IADIS proceedings, via ERIC). A non-significant result does not prove the two methods are equal, the study covers one short routine, and the students were not studio dancers.

Studio mirrors, the older form of visual feedback, give conflicting results. In a 2003 study of two beginning college ballet classes with one teacher, the class of 13 women taught with mirrors showed no significant gains while the class taught without mirrors improved on adagio (Radell, Perceptual and Motor Skills). In a 2006 study of 22 college dance students aged 17 to 22, phrases first learned with a mirror were performed better at a retest one week later (Dearborn, Journal of Dance Education). Neither study tests video, and both are small.

How did dancers and teachers rate online dance classes during COVID-19?

Students were generally satisfied with online dance in the studies we found, but the evidence is small and mostly self-reported: a 2022 study of 73 students in one university dance elective in Macau, taught on Zoom during COVID-19, reported general satisfaction alongside a significant drop in self-reported self-efficacy after Zoom was introduced (Li Z, Thinking Skills and Creativity). The class was a convenience sample with no control group. In a survey fielded February 1 to 10, 2023, 198 online dance participants in China linked perceived autonomy, competence and connection with instructors to their attitudes toward online dance and their intention to use it (Li MT, Psychology Research and Behavior Management). That survey is cross-sectional, so it cannot show cause.

Teacher evidence is thinner. At the Lyon National Conservatory in France, 12 preparatory-year contemporary students and their teachers kept up teacher follow-up during the confinement that began in March 2020, despite small workspaces, unstable internet connections and the difficulty of correcting technique at a distance (Bruyneel, Journal of Dance Medicine & Science). A 2024 qualitative study followed two dance teachers, one in Toronto and one in Hong Kong, as they moved classes online (Li, Journal of Dance Education). We did not find a large peer-reviewed survey of U.S. private-studio teachers on online teaching in PubMed or ERIC.

Studies of mood and connection also rely on self-report. In a single 60-minute online class on Zoom during the COVID-19 isolation period in 2020, 47 U.S. adults who completed the study reported higher positive affect and social connection afterward (Humphries, BMC Psychology). The authors say they had no control group and that the sample was 91.5% female (study limitations). A randomized waitlist trial of 58 UK adolescents aged 11-16, using a five-week online hip-hop program in January to February 2021, found larger gains in social bonding and wellbeing in the dance group (Tunçgenç, Journal of Adolescence). Its measures were self-reported and most participants were girls.

Home training changed what dancers reported about injuries and stress. In an online survey of 2,086 full-time dance students in China, fielded September to November 2020, recalled injury prevalence for the six months before the first lockdown was 39.6%, against 16.5% for the lockdown period (Dang, Frontiers in Psychology). In a 2024 study of 14 undergraduate dance students measured early and late in the 2020-2021 academic year, anxiety and stress stayed in the severe to extremely severe range (Farmer, Journal of Dance Education). The first study relies on recall and the second has very few participants.

Research on tele-dance has concentrated on health programs, not studio students. In a 2021 online survey of 276 people with Parkinson’s disease, 70.8% preferred continuing home-based practice alongside in-person classes in future (Bek, Frontiers in Neurology). A 2026 scoping review found 26 studies of dance by videoconference, listed methodological heterogeneity, small samples and limited long-term follow-up among its limitations, and covered mainly older adults and people with neurological or chronic conditions (Shim, Telemedicine and e-Health).

What have TikTok and YouTube dance studies measured?

TikTok dance research in the journal indexes is thin and mostly counts what is on screen: a 2022 content analysis of 52 ‘dancing nurses’ TikTok videos, found by search between March 1 and December 31, 2020, recorded a mean of 1.51 million views per video, and 77% of the videos included a choreographed dance (Lancaster, American Journal of Nursing). Those were adult nurses’ posts found through search terms and hashtags, so that average does not describe a typical TikTok dance or a studio’s account. We found no peer-reviewed sample of dance-studio accounts on TikTok in PubMed or ERIC.

A 2023 study counted movements in 65 YouTube dance videos of ballet, modern and hip-hop classes and performances, measuring spinal, impact and partnering movements and not views or learning (Henn, Journal of Dance Medicine & Science). A 2022 study of 65 girl dancers aged 10-19 had them abstain from all social media for three days and reported lower body surveillance and body shame afterward on self-report measures, in one sample with no comparison group described in the abstract (Roberts, Body Image).

A 2025 nonblind randomized trial at Juntendo University in Tokyo, run from April to December 2023, assigned 40 patients with hypertension to daily street-dance YouTube videos with no supervision or to self-selected exercise, and analyzed 34 of them; in multivariate analysis the mean systolic blood pressure change in the dance group against control was -12.8 mm Hg (Sakairi, JMIR Cardio). That is a small single-center trial of patients, reported as its authors published it. It is not health advice and says nothing about dance students. The 2026 TikTok-versus-classroom study above, with 120 undergraduates, is the closest test of TikTok as a way to teach a routine.

How many U.S. dance injuries reach emergency rooms?

CPSC’s 2024 case file implies an estimated 62,209 emergency-department visits for injuries coded to dancing in the United States in 2024, at all ages (our calculation). That figure sums the statistical weights of 1,681 sampled cases assigned to product code 3278, which CPSC’s coding manual lists as dancing, including activity, apparel and equipment (CPSC coding manual). We read the 2024 file from an Internet Archive capture because cpsc.gov refused scripted requests. NEISS can record three products for one injury (CPSC), so we counted a case when any of the three fields was 3278. These are our sums of NEISS weights without standard errors. Treat the small age bands as rough. CPSC has since posted its 2025 case file, which we read in a browser: it implies an estimated 63,050 visits in 2025 from 1,806 sampled cases, 44.1% of them (27,816) for people under 19 (our calculation). The breakdowns below are from the 2024 file.

People under 19 accounted for an estimated 26,319 of those visits, or 42.3% (our calculation). Women and girls accounted for 75.7%. An estimated 93.5% were treated and released or examined, and 4.2% were admitted to the hospital. On the first diagnosis listed, strains and sprains made up 24.8% and fractures 14.1%. On the first body part listed, the knee made up 24.0% and the ankle 12.8% (all our calculations from the 2024 file).

A code count can miss dance injuries. Another 79 sampled cases in the 2024 file mention dancing in the narrative but are not coded 3278, and those cases carry a combined weight of 2,574 (our calculation). Emergency data also leave out injuries treated at a doctor’s office or by a physical therapist, and injuries never treated at all.

Published NEISS studies use different definitions, ages and years, so their totals should not be compared with one another or with the 2024 sum above.

The studies also separate who gets hurt and how. Among U.S. children aged 3 to 5, unstructured dancing outside a class accounted for 67.0% of dance-related emergency injuries in 2000-2020 (Dadoo, Pediatric Emergency Care). These are counts of emergency visits, reported as published. They are not guidance on preventing injury.

How many Americans dance, take dance lessons or watch dance?

21.8% of U.S. adults did social dancing in the 12 months ending July 2022, our calculation from the Census Bureau’s public-use data for the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, a supplement to the Current Population Survey that the National Endowment for the Arts sponsors (Census data, our calculation). Among adults who answered each question, 2.1% took dance lessons or classes in those 12 months, 6.7% learned dance by other means such as family, friends or teaching themselves, and 18.9% had ever taken dance lessons. Only 2.0% said they performed or practiced dance for an audience or as a form of artistic expression (Census 2022). As audiences, 1.9% went to a live ballet, 3.3% went to another live dance performance, and 9.9% used a device to watch dance performances.

Each question went to one module of the sample; the number of adults behind each share is in the table we publish. The National Endowment for the Arts prints its own report on this survey. Its website’s robots file bars AI agents, so we calculated these shares from the Census Bureau’s data instead, and they can differ from the NEA’s figures by rounding. We did not calculate margins of error.

These measures are not the same quantity, and no single one is “the” national dance participation rate. A person who danced once at a wedding is counted in the first row below; a person in a weekly ballet class is counted in the lessons row; the school rows count schools, not students; the high school row counts students only in states that report the sport.

Social dancing falls with age after the mid-30s. In the same 2022 data, it was 34.8% for adults 25 to 34 and 31.2% for those 18 to 24, then 22.4% at 35 to 44, 19.9% at 45 to 54, 16.6% at 55 to 64, 12.4% at 65 to 74 and 8.0% at 75 and over (Census data, our calculation). Women reported more social dancing than men, 24.1% against 19.3%, and more often watched dance on a device, 12.7% against 6.9%.

In Florida, 15.9% of adults did social dancing and 6.6% used a device to watch dance in those 12 months, but few Florida adults answered each question (the counts are in the table we publish), so read both as rough. The survey data supports no estimate for Palm Beach, Broward or Martin counties.

The American Time Use Survey adds an older, separate measure. In the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ combined 2003-06 data, dancing was listed at 1.4 percent of people aged 15 and older in a table of people who engaged in sports or exercise on an average day (BLS). The activity rows add up to roughly the whole of that group, so we read the base as people who exercised that day, not all Americans. We did not find a newer BLS table with a dance line.

Has dance participation in America gone down?

Live dance attendance was lower in July 2022 than in July 2017. In the Census Bureau’s data for the same arts survey, U.S. adults who went to a ballet were 3.1% in 2017 and 1.9% in 2022, and adults who went to other live dance were 6.3% and 3.3%, over a 12-month recall in each wave and excluding elementary and high school performances (Census data, our calculation). Both questions have identical wording in the Census Bureau’s 2017 and 2022 survey documentation (Census 2017), (Census 2022). We did not test the differences for statistical significance.

The other pairs cannot be read as a change, because the questions are not the same. In 2017, 14.1% of adults used a device to watch or listen to dance performances or programs, or information about dance. In 2022 the question was whether they use a device to watch dance performances, and the rate was 9.9%. We do not call that a drop, because the 2022 wording is narrower.

In 2017, 23.6% of adults said they do any dancing, under a question that also counted practicing or performing dance, dance as exercise and dancing at a wedding or in a club (Census 2017). The 2022 wave split that into social dancing, including dancing at weddings, clubs, or other social settings and a separate question about performing or practicing dance (Census 2022), so the 2017 figure and the 2022 social dancing figure are not the same measure.

How many schools teach dance, and how many college students study it?

Dance reached only a small share of U.S. public schools in the latest national count we found: 3 percent of public elementary schools offered instruction designated specifically for dance during regular school hours in 2009-10, and 12 percent of public secondary schools offered dance in 2008-09, in the National Center for Education Statistics’ Fast Response Survey System (NCES). NCES calls the elementary figure a decrease from 1999-2000, when its text gives 20 percent and its own Table 21 prints 21 for the same year (NCES). Public secondary schools stood at 14 percent in 1999-2000; that survey asked about the current school year while the later one asked about the previous year, so we print both without stating a change (NCES). Schools reported 5,600 dance instructors on secondary school staffs in 2008-09, a count of public school staff that does not include private studio teachers (NCES).

At the college level, U.S. institutions awarded 2,491 bachelor’s degrees in dance (CIP 50.03, first majors) in 2023-24, 2,268 of them to women, at 234 institutions, along with 211 master’s degrees (our calculations from IPEDS Completions data, National Center for Education Statistics). That is about 0.126% of all first-major bachelor’s degrees in the same file. The bachelor’s count was 2,487 in 2018-19 and 2,234 in 2013-14 (our calculations from IPEDS revised files; the 2023-24 file has no revised version yet).

How many high school students are on dance and spirit teams?

The National Federation of State High School Associations counted 18,041 participants (10 states reporting for boys, 14 for girls) in the sport it lists as Dance in 2025-26, plus 16,701 (12 states for boys, 20 for girls) in Dance/Drill and 259,748 (35 states for boys, 41 for girls) in Competitive Spirit, which NFHS reports separately from dance, out of 8,415,684 participants in all high school sports (NFHS). In Florida, 6,722 girls at 334 schools took part in Competitive Spirit in 2025-26 (NFHS).

Year-to-year totals do not show a trend, because the number of states reporting each sport changes. NFHS’s 2024-25 survey printed Dance at 32,202 (14 states for boys, 17 for girls) and Competitive Spirit at 210,509 (27 states for boys, 34 for girls) (NFHS). Dance Team, High Kick and Dance Team, Jazz are reported in a few states under separate headings, and NFHS does not say whether those rows overlap with Dance, so we do not add them to it.

What do dance leaders and dance workers earn?

In fiscal 2024, artistic directors at the Largest 50 U.S. ballet and classically based companies earned an average of $240,741 and executive directors $204,744, in a Dance Data Project analysis of IRS and ProPublica financial data (Dance Data Project). Female artistic directors averaged $234,080, against $239,785 for men; the overall average is higher than either of those, which the report summary does not explain, so read them as separately published averages. The Dance Data Project notes that these descriptive averages do not control for tenure, workload or location, and they describe company leaders, not studio owners or teachers (Dance Data Project).

Dance workers report far less. Dance/USA’s Ecosystem Survey, published in October 2024, gathered 485 responses from non-members who were paid for performance-related dance work or who paid others, in a voluntary sample rather than a random one; 50.1% named teacher, educator or instructor among their primary roles, and among those with no work outside dance 48% earned less than $50,000 a year from dance-related work (Dance/USA). In the New York City metro, Dance/NYC’s 2022 Dance Industry Census drew responses from about 27% of an estimated 6,000 dance workers and 23% of an estimated 1,700 entities, a large self-selected pool rather than a random sample. Among those who responded, 54% of dancers were also dance educators, dancers and choreographers averaged $23,000 a year from dance, and 64% of entities did not pay all personnel a living wage (Dance/NYC).

What do YouTube’s rules say about recital and class videos with commercial music?

YouTube says every video uploaded to the platform is automatically scanned by its Content ID system against a database of audio and visual files from copyright owners (YouTube Help, read November 8, 2026). None of the YouTube pages cited in this section mentions dance classes or recitals, so a studio upload with a commercial track falls under the general rule. The copyright owner, not YouTube, chooses what a match does: a claim either “Blocks a video from being viewed”, runs ads against it and sometimes shares revenue with the uploader, or tracks its statistics (YouTube Help).

YouTube’s page on copyright myths answers two explanations that apply to studio uploads. It says that someone who purchased a song does not thereby own the rights to upload it (YouTube Help). It also says “Not trying to make money from copyrighted content doesn’t prevent copyright issues,” and that calling content educational does not permit its use (YouTube Help). Tracks downloaded from YouTube’s own Audio Library “won’t be claimed” through Content ID, YouTube says (YouTube Help).

Live streams, including recital streams, have their own rule. When third-party content is identified in a live stream, a placeholder image may replace it, and if the content stays the stream is interrupted or ended (YouTube Help). A license alone does not settle it: a stream can be “interrupted even if you’ve licensed” the content, unless the owner adds the channel to its Content ID allowlist (YouTube Help).

YouTube’s Content ID system made 2,502,941,368 copyright claims in calendar year 2025, across all uploads (YouTube Copyright Transparency Report), and YouTube says fewer than 1% of Content ID claims made in 2024 were disputed (YouTube). We found no YouTube figure for dance alone. YouTube also lists “recordings of performances (including concerts, events, speeches, shows)” among items that may not be exclusive to one person when it decides who qualifies for Content ID (YouTube Help). That list concerns who can register reference files, not whether an upload gets claimed.

Do YouTube Shorts have different music rules?

Yes: on November 8, 2026, YouTube’s Shorts page said standard channels can use most songs from the Shorts Audio Library for up to 90 seconds in a three-minute Short, with some tracks limited further (YouTube Help). The same page says any Short over one minute with an active copyright claim of any type will be blocked globally (YouTube Help).

YouTube announced a change to that rule and then removed the announcement. A capture of the same page from September 21, 2026 said that, starting September 24, 2026, new Shorts of one to three minutes with a Content ID claim would no longer be automatically blocked (YouTube Help, Internet Archive capture). The sentence was gone in a capture of October 28, 2026 and on the live page of November 8, so we report the rule the page states now and the announcement beside it.

What does YouTube say about videos that show children dancing?

YouTube’s child safety policy, read November 8, 2026, does not mention dance, and it says content that depicts children and breaks no rule may still have some features disabled at the channel and content level, with comments first on its list (YouTube Help). Live streams with minors under 16 who are not visibly accompanied by an adult may be removed or lose live chat (YouTube Help).

The same page asks that a minor be supervised by an adult and doing age-appropriate activities, and it names public performances as an example (YouTube Help). It says to avoid attire that overexposes a minor or is form-fitting, with no stated exception for dancewear (YouTube Help). It lists activities that could draw undesired attention to a minor, such as body contortions, among things not to post (YouTube Help), which bears on acro clips.

Why are Instagram, Facebook and TikTok music rules not quoted here?

This page does not quote those platforms’ music terms because the robots files on Facebook, Instagram and TikTok bar AI agents from the pages that state them, and we do not rely on copies of those pages. Read each platform’s current music terms directly before posting class or recital video that uses commercial music.

What does YouTube say about dance on its own platform?

YouTube’s Culture & Trends team reported on April 24, 2026 that the line-dance song Boots on the Ground by 803Fresh had received more than 70M views on YouTube, in worldwide YouTube data for the prior 365 days (YouTube). That figure covers one song, and it predates the first-frame view count YouTube adopted on August 24, 2026.

YouTube called the July 2021 Permission to Dance Challenge the first-ever worldwide dance challenge on Shorts (YouTube). In June 2025 its trends team described a routine from a competition hosted by New York City Dance Alliance spreading on Shorts, and suggested a move toward technically informed choreography (YouTube). YouTube gave no view count for either.

What do companies selling to dance studios say about video and recitals?

Jackrabbit Technologies, which sells studio management software, says in its 2024 Dance Studio Industry Benchmark Report that more than 27,000 dance families live streamed classes each month through its Spot TV integration (Jackrabbit). The report covers 4,414 dance studios that are Jackrabbit clients (Jackrabbit) and counts 5,700 performances managed through its software in 2023 (Jackrabbit). These are a seller’s counts of its own customers, not a sample of all studios.

Software sellers’ headline customer counts are not dance-only. Jackrabbit says over 7,000 programs use its class software across swim, gymnastics, cheer, dance and music (Jackrabbit), and DanceStudio-Pro says Studio Pro serves over 6,000 studios across dance, cheer, gymnastics and performing arts (DanceStudio-Pro). A DanceStudio-Pro webinar page says the 2024 Dance Studio Owners Survey drew on data from over 1,000 studio owners (DanceStudio-Pro). Neither that page nor the DanceStudio-Pro blog post we read that quotes the survey gives field dates, so this page does not print its percentages.

ClassPass, a booking marketplace that partners with studios, listed dance eighth among its top 10 workouts by bookings worldwide from January 1 to October 10, 2025, with dance reservations at +34% year over year (ClassPass, Internet Archive capture). It said dance stood ninth in 2022 (ClassPass, Internet Archive capture). Those ranks count ClassPass bookings, not studio enrollment.

EventLive, which sells live streaming for events including dance recitals, tells readers that Facebook and YouTube will probably block or delete a recital stream once the music starts (EventLive). That is a seller’s prediction, made while recommending a dedicated streaming platform; the platforms’ own wording is above.

How big do dance competition companies say they are?

Showstopper, a dance competition company, says on its homepage, read November 8, 2026, that it brings more than 50,000 dancers a year to its events (Showstopper). Starpower says it stages more than 80 competitions a year, a count of events and not dancers (Starpower). Youth America Grand Prix, a ballet competition nonprofit, says it auditions more than 15,000 dancers aged 9 to 19 each season, in the U.S. and abroad (YAGP).

Two YAGP pages disagree on its cumulative reach since 1999: one says more than 300,000 dancers served (YAGP) and the other more than 250,000 (YAGP). Neither page is dated. All of these are the organizations’ own unaudited figures, and competition companies sell entries to the studios they count.

How many people watch dance competition shows on television?

ABC’s press release says the Season 34 finale of Dancing with the Stars, on November 25, 2025, drew 9.24 million total viewers on preliminary Nielsen same-day panel data (ABC, Internet Archive capture), against 6.37 million for the prior season’s finale on November 26, 2024 (ABC, Internet Archive capture). The network says over 72 million votes were cast during the finale, a count of votes and not of people (ABC, Internet Archive capture). These figures describe a celebrity television show, not studios or students.

What did studios report about moving classes and recitals online in 2020?

In a survey of the first 500 studios to register for a March 30, 2020 video call, only 7 percent had elected not to move classes online (Dance Teacher), and 41.4 percent were moving ahead with spring recital plans (Dance Teacher). Respondents were self-selected registrants for a session co-hosted by Dance Teacher and Dance Business Weekly, so the figures describe that group at the start of the pandemic.

The share of revenue recitals bring in is a trade-press estimate. Dance Teacher wrote in December 2020 that recitals have historically brought in anywhere from 10 to 25 percent of a studio’s annual revenue, without citing a survey (Dance Teacher).

How many dancers and choreographers work in the United States?

Employers counted 8,130 dancers and 2,860 choreographers on U.S. payrolls in May 2025, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey (BLS, dancers) (BLS, choreographers). Together that is 10,990 wage and salary jobs (our calculation). The counts cover SOC 27-2031 Dancers and SOC 27-2032 Choreographers on a payroll in any industry. They leave out the self-employed.

BLS Employment Projections, which add the self-employed, put the two occupations together at 18.6 thousand jobs in 2025 (BLS): 13.8 thousand dancers (BLS) and 4.7 thousand choreographers (BLS). Self-employed workers held 40.4% of those jobs (BLS), about 7.5 thousand, computed from BLS’s rounded figures (our calculation). The projections count about 7,600 more dancer and choreographer jobs than OEWS does, mostly the self-employed (our calculation).

No federal series counts dance teachers at private studios on their own. BLS’s Occupational Outlook Handbook notes that some choreographers work as dance teachers (BLS). Studio teachers can also be counted under SOC 25-3021 Self-Enrichment Teachers, a code shared with teachers of music, art and other subjects, which held 332,110 wage and salary jobs in the United States in May 2025 (BLS). BLS does not split that count by subject.

Where do dancers and choreographers work?

Other schools and instruction (NAICS 611600), the industry group that holds fine arts schools along with sports, language and driving schools and tutoring, employed 1,250 U.S. choreographers on a payroll in May 2025, per BLS OEWS (BLS). That is 43.7% of choreographers on a payroll (our calculation). Their median annual wage in that industry group was $48,610 (BLS). BLS publishes no OEWS estimate for fine arts schools (NAICS 611610) alone. Counting the self-employed, BLS’s Occupational Outlook Handbook puts educational services at 29% of choreographer jobs in 2025 (BLS).

Performing arts companies (NAICS 7111) employed 3,330 U.S. dancers on a payroll in May 2025 (BLS), and other schools and instruction employed 600 (BLS). The Handbook, which counts all jobs including the self-employed, lists drinking places as the employer of 16% of U.S. dancer jobs in 2025 (BLS).

How much do dancers and choreographers earn?

The median hourly wage for U.S. dancers was $24.80 in May 2025, per BLS OEWS (BLS). That is 1.2% above the $24.51 median hourly wage for all occupations (BLS) (our calculation). BLS reports dancer pay as hourly only, because the occupation does not generally work a year-round, full-time schedule, so it publishes no annual wage for dancers at any level. The 10th percentile hourly wage was $14.88 (BLS) and the 90th percentile $52.30 (BLS), 3.5 times apart (our calculation).

The median annual wage for U.S. choreographers was $55,310 in May 2025 (BLS), 8.5% above the $50,980 median for all U.S. occupations (BLS) (our calculation). The 90th percentile, $138,630 (BLS), was 4.1 times the 10th percentile, $34,090 (BLS) (our calculation).

These figures cover dancers and choreographers on a payroll only, not the earnings of freelancers or of studio owners who take profits rather than a wage. Part-time work is common in both occupations, according to BLS’s Occupational Outlook Handbook (BLS), so an hourly wage does not show a year’s pay.

Will there be more dancer and choreographer jobs by 2035?

BLS projects 19.0 thousand U.S. dancer and choreographer jobs in 2035, against 18.6 thousand in 2025, in its 2025-35 Employment Projections, which count the self-employed (BLS). That is growth of 2.4% (BLS), slower than the 3.5% projected for all U.S. occupations (BLS).

BLS still expects about 2.2 thousand openings for dancers and choreographers each year, on average, over the decade (BLS). Most of them come from workers who move to other occupations or leave the labor force, not from growth (BLS). Yearly openings equal 11.8% of the two occupations’ 2025 employment (our calculation).

How many dancers and choreographers work in Florida and South Florida, and what do they earn?

Employers in Florida counted 210 dancers (BLS) and 180 choreographers (BLS) on a payroll in May 2025, per BLS OEWS. That is 2.6% of U.S. payroll dancers and 6.3% of U.S. payroll choreographers (our calculation). Both state estimates are rough: their relative standard errors are 24.8% for dancers (BLS) and 33.9% for choreographers (BLS).

In May 2025, Florida’s median hourly wage for dancers was $20.47 (BLS), 11.1% below the state’s $23.02 median hourly wage for all occupations (BLS) (our calculation). In May 2025, Florida’s median annual wage for choreographers was $36,670 (BLS). That is $18,640 below the national median for choreographers (our calculation) and 23.4% below the state’s $47,880 median for all occupations (BLS) (our calculation).

The Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metro area, which covers Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, is the one South Florida area with a published dancer estimate for May 2025: 50 jobs (BLS) at a median of $34.82 an hour (BLS). The estimate’s relative standard error is 39.3% (BLS), so it is a rough figure. OEWS publishes no choreographer estimate for that metro area. It publishes no estimate for either occupation in the Port St. Lucie metro area (St. Lucie and Martin counties) or in the West Palm Beach or Fort Lauderdale metropolitan divisions, and none for any county.

How many dance studios and dance schools are there in the U.S.?

No federal series counts dance studios alone. The closest count is fine arts schools (NAICS 611610), a code that puts dance, music, drama and art schools together. The Bureau of Labor Statistics counted an annual average of 16,299 private fine arts schools in the United States in 2025, in its Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) (BLS). In 2019 the count was 14,334 (BLS), so the number of fine arts schools grew 13.7% in six years (our calculation). QCEW counts worksites with employees covered by unemployment insurance: a chain counts once per location, and teachers who work alone with no payroll are not in it.

Private fine arts schools of all kinds employed 129,074 workers on average in 2025 (BLS), counting everyone on the payroll, not only teachers. That is an average of 7.9 workers per establishment (our calculation). Average annual pay was $23,617 (BLS). That average spreads total wages over every worker, part-time and full-time, so it sits well below a full-time salary.

The Census Bureau counts fine arts schools from its business register. County Business Patterns found 16,284 with paid employees in 2023 (Census), and the 2022 Economic Census counted 16,398 (Census). QCEW averages state unemployment-insurance records over the year, so its count and the Census counts never match exactly. In the 2022 Economic Census, instruction in dance, music and theatre made up 73.9% of fine arts schools’ revenue (Census). Census publishes that product line for dance, music and theatre together, so a dance-only share cannot be taken from it.

How much revenue do fine arts schools bring in?

U.S. fine arts schools with paid employees, covering dance, music, drama and art schools together, had revenue of $6.88 billion in 2022, according to the 2022 Economic Census (Census). That is about $419,400 per establishment (our calculation). The Census Bureau’s Annual Integrated Economic Survey put fine arts schools’ revenue at $7.54 billion in 2024 (Census), up 4.6% from 2023 (Census). The survey is a sample of firms, so its total is not directly comparable with the Economic Census count. Both figures leave out teachers with no employees.

One Economic Census product line could include recital tickets. In the 2022 Economic Census, 16.7% of U.S. fine arts schools with paid employees reported revenue from admissions to live performing arts performances (Census). Census does not say how many of those performances were dance recitals, and the line also covers music and drama performances.

How many dance companies are there, and how are they different from dance schools?

BLS QCEW counted an annual average of 1,658 private dance company establishments (NAICS 711120) in the United States in 2025 (BLS), up 47.0% from 1,128 in 2019 (BLS) (our calculation). NAICS 711120 covers companies that produce and present dance performances. It is a separate code from fine arts schools, and it is not a count of dance schools or studios. These companies employed 15,571 workers on average in 2025 (BLS).

Census counts are lower. County Business Patterns found 872 dance company establishments with paid employees in 2023 (Census), and the 2022 Economic Census counted 594 (Census). The programs use different records and years, so these counts are not interchangeable. Dance company establishments with paid employees had revenue of $1.03 billion in 2022, per the Economic Census (Census).

How many dance teachers run a business with no employees?

Census Nonemployer Statistics publishes no line for dance teachers, fine arts schools or dance companies: requests for those codes returned no data for 2024 and 2023, so a count of solo dance teachers does not exist in federal data. The nearest published counts are broad. Census counted 924,679 educational services businesses with no paid employees in the United States in 2024 (NAICS 611, all subjects) (Census) and 1,115,783 independent artists, writers and performers with no paid employees (NAICS 7115) (Census). Neither can be split by art form. BLS’s estimate of about 7.5 thousand self-employed dancers and choreographers in 2025 is the closest figure for those occupations alone.

How much do education businesses spend on advertising?

U.S. educational services employer firms spent $3.27 billion on purchased advertising and promotional services in 2024, per the Census Bureau’s Annual Integrated Economic Survey (Census). That covers every private school, college, training firm and instruction business with employees (NAICS 61), and it counts money paid to agencies, ad platforms, media and printers, not staff time. The survey publishes no advertising figure for fine arts schools or dance companies alone and does not split spending by medium, so the share spent on video is not known.

How many dance schools are there in Florida and in Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties?

Federal data do not count dance studios in Florida either, so these figures are for all fine arts schools (NAICS 611610). County Business Patterns counted 896 fine arts schools with paid employees in Florida in 2023 (Census), 5.5% of the U.S. total (our calculation). BLS QCEW counted 4,020 private jobs at fine arts schools in the state in 2025 (BLS), 3.1% of the national total (our calculation).

The three counties together had 203 fine arts schools with paid employees in 2023 (our calculation), 22.7% of Florida’s (our calculation). They held 817 private fine arts school jobs in 2025 (our calculation), 20.3% of the statewide count (our calculation).

Dance companies (NAICS 711120, performing companies rather than schools) are a smaller group in the state. County Business Patterns counted 86 in Florida in 2023 (Census), 9 of them in Palm Beach County (Census) and 7 in Broward County (Census). BLS QCEW counted 190 private dance company establishments in Florida in 2025 (BLS). Neither program publishes a dance company figure for Martin County.

How many dance franchise studios are there, and how many are in Florida?

The five dance franchise systems in the table below reported 689 outlets at the end of 2025 (our calculation from Item 20 of each franchise disclosure document, or FDD). 681 of them were in the United States (our calculation), and 73 of those U.S. outlets were in Florida (our calculation), or 10.7% (our calculation). Arthur Murray and Fred Astaire are the two largest systems.

Franchisors must give buyers an FDD, and those that register in Minnesota file it with the state’s Department of Commerce, which publishes it in its CARDS database. The outlet counts, investment ranges, sales figures and fees here are what each franchisor reported in that document. Franchisors sell franchises, so they are sellers into the market. The investment range is the franchisor’s own estimate of what a buyer spends before opening, including fees paid to the franchisor. Fred Astaire’s 2026 FDD is on CARDS only as a marked copy showing changes from the year before, so we read its inserted figures.

Outlets are franchised and company-owned locations combined. Fred Astaire’s 285 includes studios abroad: it counted 277 in the United States at the end of 2025 (Fred Astaire FDD, Item 1). Arthur Murray’s 240 includes one studio in Puerto Rico. Florida holds 12.1% of Arthur Murray’s studios and 12.3% of Fred Astaire’s U.S. studios (our calculations).

CARDS lists no filing under the names Kidz Love Dance, Dance With Me, Ballet Kids or Kinderdance as of November 8, 2026. Its newest Tippi Toes filing is from 2017, so we left that brand out rather than report old numbers. A missing Minnesota filing means only that no registration appears there under that name; it does not tell us whether a brand sells franchises elsewhere.

Are dance franchise systems growing?

Yes: the five systems grew 28.1%, from 538 outlets at the start of 2023 to 689 at the end of 2025 (our calculation from their Item 20 tables). Tutu School grew fastest, by 94.7%, followed by DivaDance at 43.3%, Fred Astaire at 26.7% systemwide and Arthur Murray at 6.7% (our calculations). Fly Dance Fitness opened its first franchised studios in 2025.

These are counts of locations the franchisors report, not counts of students or sales. DivaDance’s own table gives one figure for the end of 2024 and a different one for the start of 2025, so our calculation uses only its first and last figures.

What do dance franchisors say their studios take in?

Arthur Murray says its studios averaged $728,934 in gross receipts in fiscal 2025, across the 232 studios that met its reporting rules, and the other four franchisors publish their own 2025 figures in Item 19 of their FDDs. Each franchisor counts a different group of studios and defines sales its own way, so the figures below do not compare across brands. All are sales, not profit.

Fred Astaire’s figures come from weekly reports that the franchisor says are not audited or verified, and DivaDance says its data is unaudited. Fly Dance Fitness also lists MindBody platform sales for each franchised studio from April 2025 to March 2026, a different period from the table above.

What do dance franchisees pay for marketing?

Two of the five systems collect a fund contribution today. From January 2026, Tutu School franchisees pay 2% of gross programming sales into its National Marketing and Technology Fund, and the franchisor expects to raise that to 3% by 2028 (Tutu School FDD, Item 6). Fred Astaire franchisees pay a flat $150 a month to the FADS Advertising Fund (Fred Astaire FDD, Item 11).

The other three collect nothing for a fund now. Arthur Murray may bill franchisees up to 2% of gross receipts for national advertising but has no standing fund (Arthur Murray FDD, Item 11). It says it spent about $116,241 of its own money on national advertising in 2025, and it requires each franchisee to spend at least 12% of annual gross receipts on advertising and public relations (Arthur Murray FDD, Item 11). DivaDance may set a fund at up to 2% of gross sales but does not assess it now (DivaDance FDD, Item 6). Fly Dance Fitness may set one at up to 3% of gross sales (Fly Dance Fitness FDD, Item 6).

Where does video show up in dance franchise documents?

Mostly in training and lesson materials: Arthur Murray franchisees must use all videos the franchisor requires for student lessons, and its 2026 FDD says those videos are free on its training website (Arthur Murray FDD, Item 8). Its affiliate AME received $31,960 from franchisees in 2025 for videos, other training materials, brochures and step charts combined; the FDD gives no figure for video alone (Arthur Murray FDD, Item 8).

Fred Astaire’s franchisor says it runs two video platforms, Life’s Better When You Dance and Online Trophy System, for students and the public (Fred Astaire FDD, Item 1). It also keeps the right to sell classes through recorded media and online videos anywhere, including inside a franchisee’s territory (Fred Astaire FDD, Item 12). Tutu School says its training videos are not yet registered with the Copyright Office (Tutu School FDD, Item 14). It holds ASCAP, BMI and SESAC licenses for the music it identifies for classes, and a franchisee may need to buy its own license to use other music in classes or recitals (Tutu School FDD, Item 14).

DivaDance’s operations manual has a section called Choreography Guidelines & Resource Videos (DivaDance FDD, manual contents), and its audited statements describe revenue from sales of cloud-based video content (DivaDance FDD, financial statements). Fly Dance Fitness gives franchisees and certified instructors a library of videos of its choreography (Fly Dance Fitness FDD, Item 14). An attendee who misses its Throw Down instructor certification can be re-evaluated by submitting as many videos as necessary (Fly Dance Fitness FDD, Item 11). The franchisor left virtual class subscription income out of its Item 19 figures because franchisees cannot earn it (Fly Dance Fitness FDD, Item 19).

We searched each of the five FDDs for the word video and found no requirement to make marketing videos and no video budget.

How often do annual reports mention dance studios?

1 Form 10-K annual report filed with the SEC in 2025 contains the phrase “dance studio”, “dance studios” or “dance school”, by our count in EDGAR full-text search, down from 5 in 2022, the peak year (the yearly counts for 2001 to 2025 are in our EDGAR counts CSV). From 2001 to 2025, 49 filings from 27 filers used one of those phrases (our count). We read every one in context.

Dance studios mostly appear as lines on other companies’ paperwork. 10 of the 49 are lease or shopping-center clauses that bar or restrict the use, including an office lease Dexcom filed with its 10-K for fiscal 2022 that forbids using the space as a music or dance studio (Dexcom lease exhibit). 12 name a dance studio as a borrower, lessee or tenant (our reading). Newtek’s loan schedules list studios as borrowers, such as Paramount Dance Studios in Homestead, Florida, with $438.6 thousand in principal at the end of 2021 (Newtek 10-K for 2021). Brixmor’s 10-K for fiscal 2024 names in its property schedule Arthur Murray Dance Studio among the tenants of a shopping center in Marlton, New Jersey (Brixmor 10-K exhibit).

10 came from small companies that planned or ran dance or dance-fitness studios: Pole Perfect Studios and its successor Torchlight Energy Resources, Ballroom Dance Fitness and House of BODS Fitness (our reading). 6 came from companies that sell to dance studios: Riddell Sports and Varsity Brands through Company Dance, Action Fashions and MINDBODY (our reading). The remaining 11 mention a dance studio only in passing, among them a Hasbro toy line, officers’ biographies and a San Francisco health order (our reading). Apart from those small companies, none of these filings reports dance studios as the filer’s own line of business.

27 of the filings also contain the word video somewhere in the same document, but in only 6 does it appear within 300 characters of the dance phrase (our count). Four of those are Ballroom Dance Fitness and House of BODS Fitness describing dance-fitness video products; Ballroom Dance Fitness said it would sell six dances on one video for $39.95 (Ballroom Dance Fitness 10-K for 2012). The other two are the Hasbro toy line and a lease clause.

Can a dance routine be copyrighted?

Yes, within limits: section 102(a)(4) of the U.S. Copyright Act lists pantomimes and choreographic works among the categories of protected works, in the Title 17 text the U.S. Copyright Office posts (17 U.S.C. 102).

This section reports what statutes, agency guidance, a court opinion and license forms say, as we read them on November 8, 2026. It is not legal advice. How any of it applies to a studio depends on the facts, and a lawyer is the right person to answer that.

The Copyright Office's Circular 52, revised in October 2022, sets out the limits on registration. It says social dances, simple routines and other uncopyrightable movements cannot be registered as separate works even if they contain a substantial amount of creative expression, and it gives ballroom, folk, line, square and swing dances as its examples of social dances (Circular 52). It says the Office cannot register short dance routines made of only a few movements or steps with minor variations, even if the routine is novel (Circular 52). It also says individual steps are not copyrightable, naming the basic waltz step, the hustle step, the grapevine and second position in classical ballet (Circular 52).

Video recordings of a performance are among the formats Circular 52 accepts for fixing a choreographic work for registration (Circular 52).

The Copyright Office's Compendium, in chapter 800 dated January 28, 2021, says a work that uses social dance steps or simple routines may still be protected if the work as a whole contains a sufficient amount of choreographic authorship (Compendium 805.4(D)). It describes the dividing line between copyrightable choreography and uncopyrightable dance as a continuum, rather than a bright line (Compendium 805.5(B)).

What did the Ninth Circuit say about short dance steps?

In an opinion filed November 1, 2023, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit said a brief segment of a longer registered routine is not unprotectable just because it is brief (Hanagami v. Epic Games). Choreographer Kyle Hanagami had sued Epic Games over a Fortnite emote that he said copied part of his registered work. The court wrote: “Short does not always equate to simple” (opinion). It also wrote that what is protectable is the choreographer's selection and arrangement of otherwise unprotected elements (opinion).

The ruling is narrow. The court's decision was to reverse a dismissal and send the case back, finding that Hanagami had plausibly alleged substantial similarity. It did not decide that infringement occurred (opinion). It left open the question of thin versus broad protection for choreography (opinion). We did not check what happened in the case after the opinion.

What does copyright law say about music in a recital or class video?

Statutory damages for infringing one work run from $750 (17 U.S.C. 504(c)) to $30,000 (17 U.S.C. 504(c)), a court may raise them to $150,000 for willful infringement (17 U.S.C. 504(c)), and it may lower them to $200 where the infringer proves it had no reason to believe its acts were infringing (17 U.S.C. 504(c)).

Section 106 gives the owner of a musical or choreographic work the exclusive right to perform the copyrighted work publicly (17 U.S.C. 106). Section 101 counts a performance as public when it takes place somewhere open to the public, or anywhere a substantial number of people outside a normal circle of a family and its social acquaintances is gathered (17 U.S.C. 101).

Section 110(4) exempts some performances of nondramatic music, but only those otherwise than in a transmission to the public, with no purpose of commercial advantage and no payment to performers, promoters or organizers. It also requires either no admission charge or net proceeds used only for educational, religious or charitable purposes, and in that second case the copyright owner can object in writing (17 U.S.C. 110). A performance sent out as a transmission to the public falls outside those words. Whether a given recital qualifies depends on its facts.

What does an ASCAP dance school license cover?

ASCAP's Dancing Schools agreement covers performances during dance instruction and one dance recital by the licensee's students per calendar year, in the form ASCAP posted when we read it on November 8, 2026 (ASCAP agreement). ASCAP sells this license. The agreement says it does not authorize broadcasting, telecasting or transmission to persons outside of the premises (ASCAP agreement). Its text does not use the word video.

ASCAP's licensing FAQ says ASCAP does not license the right to record music or to include it in a video, which it calls synchronization rights, and that those rights are licensed by writers and publishers or their agents (ASCAP FAQ). The FAQ also says ASCAP represents writers and publishers, not the artists who record a song or the master owners, such as record labels, who own the recording (ASCAP FAQ). For businesses on commercial background music services, it says music used for dance classes requires additional licensing (ASCAP FAQ).

We read ASCAP's documents only. BMI's site bars automated reading by AI agents, so its terms are not reported here.

What does an ASCAP license cost a dance school in 2026?

ASCAP's 2026 Dancing School Statement lists annual fees from $92.16 for a ballet-only school with not more than 75 students a week to $737.17 for a ballroom school with 301 or more (ASCAP rate schedule). The fee depends on the type of instruction and the average number of students per week. ASCAP sells this license, and these are its own published figures.

The schedule's combination category covers jazz, classical, ballet, tap, modern ballet, acrobatic, gymnastic, square, folk, ethnic and hip-hop instruction. A performing rights fee is separate from any permission to put a song in a video, as ASCAP's FAQ above says.

Does Florida still register dance studios?

No. Florida repealed section 501.143, its Dance Studio Act, in chapter 2014-147 of the Laws of Florida (ch. 2014-147), effective July 1, 2014 (ch. 2014-147). The Florida House's final analysis says the repeal completely deregulates the industry in Florida (House analysis). A request for the section in the Legislature's 2026 statutes returns that it cannot be found (Online Sunshine).

The act was narrower than its name. It applied to what it defined as a “Ballroom dance studio” (s. 501.143, 2013), and the House analysis says ballroom studios were then the only studios regulated by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (House analysis). Its last version, in the 2013 statutes, set a registration fee of $300 per location per year (s. 501.143, 2013), capped contracts at 36 months (s. 501.143, 2013), and, for studios taking larger advance payments or installment contracts, required security of $5,000 in a studio's first year under the same ownership (s. 501.143, 2013) and $15,000 in its third (s. 501.143, 2013). Those figures are history, not current rules.

The House analysis counted 194 Dance Studio Act registrations in its fiscal projection for the repeal (House analysis). A 2011 staff analysis of an earlier repeal bill, which did not pass, put the lost fees at $59,100 a year (2011 staff analysis); at $300 a studio that implies about 197 registrations (our calculation). Both counts are ballroom registrations, not all Florida dance studios. In the three fiscal years before the repeal, the department received 23 complaints (House analysis) and recovered $23,025 for consumers through mediation (House analysis). We did not read the department's website, which bars automated agents, and we found no later count.

What does Florida law say about using a dancer's image in marketing?

Florida's section 540.08 requires express written or oral consent before a person's name, photograph or other likeness is used for a commercial or advertising purpose, in the 2026 statutes as we read them (s. 540.08). For a minor, it says consent is given by the guardian of the minor's person or by either parent (s. 540.08(6)). It excludes a photograph of a person solely as a member of the public, where that person is not named or otherwise identified in the use (s. 540.08(4)(c)).

Which federal rules cover studio endorsements and children's videos?

The FTC's Endorsement Guides, published July 26, 2023, and the COPPA Rule are the two federal rule sets on eCFR that speak to these videos (16 CFR Part 255). The Guides say a material connection that must be disclosed can include free or discounted products, whether or not an endorsement is required in return (16 CFR 255.5). When an endorsement uses both picture and sound, as a video does, they say the disclosure should be made in the visual and audible portions (16 CFR 255.0(f)). The Guides are the FTC's interpretation of the law, not binding rules.

The COPPA Rule defines a child as an individual under the age of 13 (16 CFR 312.2), and its definition of personal information includes a photograph, video, or audio file containing a child's image or voice (16 CFR 312.2). Whether the rule applies to a given post depends on whether the site or service is directed to children or has actual knowledge of a child user. Our kids video statistics page covers COPPA in more detail, and our testimonial video statistics page covers the Endorsement Guides.

What do the popular dance numbers really say?

The dance figures repeated most often trace to one 2003 cohort study, one video vendor’s blog and one 1998 report on after-school arts programs. The calorie range and the studio count have no source we could find. Each entry below gives the claim, where it came from, what the origin measured and what to use instead.

“Dance burns 300-800 calories an hour”

We found no study, government table or reference work that prints this range. It circulates on calorie-calculator sites. Fitness Volt, a fitness website, says the average person will burn 300-800 calories dancing, with no source and no time period in the sentence (Fitness Volt). The Internet Archive’s first capture of that page is from 2022.

The published tables show how far the answer moves with style and body weight. Harvard Health Publishing’s table puts slow dancing at 90 calories in 30 minutes for a 125-pound person, disco, ballroom and square dancing at 165 for the same person, and fast dancing or ballet at 252 for a 185-pound person (Harvard Health). A CDC page listed dancing as moderate activity at about 330 calories an hour for a 154-pound person, adapted from the 2005 Dietary Guidelines, and noted that heavier people burn more and lighter people fewer (CDC, archived). The 2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities lists no calories on its dancing page. It rates each style in METs, multiples of resting energy use: 3.0 for slow ballroom, 5.0 for a ballet, modern or jazz class and 9.8 for vigorous nightclub or folk dancing (Compendium).

One direct measurement, of Zumba, is small and was funded by a fitness certifier. In a study paid for by the American Council on Exercise and run at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 19 women aged 18 to 22 with Zumba experience burned an average of 369 calories per class (ACE). Individual rates ranged from 5.1-15.3 kcal per minute (ACE).

Use instead: name the style, the body weight and the time, as in Harvard’s 165 calories in 30 minutes for a 125-pound person doing disco, ballroom or square dancing.

“Dancing reduces dementia risk 76%”

The figure comes from one line of one table in one observational study, and the paper never prints it as a percentage. Verghese and colleagues at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, writing in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2003, followed 469 people older than 75 in the Bronx Aging Study who lived in the community and did not have dementia at the start (PubMed). Over a median of 5.1 years, 124 developed dementia (PubMed). Table 2 gives a hazard ratio of 0.24 for frequent dancers compared with rare dancers, adjusted for age, sex, education, chronic illness, baseline cognition and other leisure activities, with a 95 percent confidence interval of 0.06-0.99 (authors’ copy of the paper, archived). The popular 76% is that ratio read as a percentage reduction.

Frequent meant several days or more per week, as reported by the participants at enrollment, and rare meant weekly or less (authors’ copy, archived). The frequent group held 130 people, and 25 of them developed dementia (authors’ copy, archived). The paper’s overall physical-activity score showed no association, with a hazard ratio of 1.00 (PubMed). The study had a potential 21-year window from 1980 to 2001, but the median follow-up above is the one that describes the estimates (authors’ copy, archived).

What the study did not show. The authors wrote that their findings do not establish a causal relation and that controlled trials are needed (authors’ copy, archived). They named as a limitation a cohort of volunteers, with whites and people older than 75 overrepresented (authors’ copy, archived). The study did not test dance lessons, did not compare dance styles and did not follow people who took up dancing later. The authors also named early, undiagnosed dementia as a possible reason people do fewer leisure activities; the test in which they excluded early cases was reported for the cognitive-activity score, not for dancing.

How it was repeated. A form many later pages echo is a list on a Stanford social-dance page by instructor Richard Powers, first captured by the Internet Archive in April 2007, which reads “dancing frequently - 76%” (Stanford, archived). That list also gives a crossword figure the paper calculated differently: 47 percent lower risk for four days a week against one, a modelled example rather than the frequent-versus-rare comparison used for dancing (authors’ copy, archived). Fred Astaire Dance Studios, which sells lessons, tells readers frequent dancers had a “remarkable” 76% lower risk (Fred Astaire). A March 2026 UCLA Health column repeats the 76% and adds that it applies only to the five-year span of the study and came from an observational design (UCLA Health).

Use instead: “In a 2003 observational study of 469 people older than 75 in the Bronx, those who danced several days or more a week had a hazard ratio for dementia of 0.24 compared with those who danced weekly or less (95 percent confidence interval 0.06-0.99); the authors said the findings do not establish cause.” It does not support telling a student that lessons will lower their risk.

“Video on a landing page lifts conversions by 80%”

The figure is a best case from one video vendor, EyeView, in 2009-2010, about financial and tutoring websites, not dance studios. EyeView’s blog first reported that eToro visitors who watched its video were 20% more likely to download the product (December 2008) (EyeView, archived). In February 2009 it said UMOO viewers were 80% more likely to become depositing users, comparing viewers with non-viewers for one client (EyeView, archived), and in November 2009 it quoted a TutorVista manager on a first test that lifted conversion by over 80 percent (EyeView, archived). Its 2010 white paper said only that “in some cases” the boost was over 80% (EyeView white paper, archived), and the one test it described, the eToro split test, was now almost 32 percent (EyeView white paper, archived).

The scope fell away in repeats. By August 2010 Unbounce, a landing-page software seller, wrote that video on landing pages can increase conversion by 80% (Unbounce, archived), and WordStream, a pay-per-click software seller, repeated 80% in March 2016, crediting “EyeWideDigital” (WordStream). We searched dance-studio and dance-school marketing pages for the figure and found no dance-studio test behind it.

The larger later evidence points the other way. Unbounce’s own 2021 analysis of about 35,000 customer landing pages in each of three periods (Unbounce) concluded that video appears to have a minimal or negative impact on landing-page performance regardless of the conversion goal (Unbounce). Its April 2025 article of landing-page examples still says landing pages with video can increase conversions by 80%, linking back to its own 2010 article (Unbounce). Use instead: do not cite a conversion lift for dance studio video; say Unbounce’s 2021 study of 35,000 pages found video had a minimal or negative effect, and judge a studio’s video by its own trial-class bookings.

“The U.S. dance studio industry is worth about $5 billion” and “there are over 50,000 dance studios”

The only U.S. dance-studio revenue figure we could read is a market-research firm’s number. IBISWorld’s free page states $5.0bn for 2026 and 14,622 businesses (IBISWorld). IBISWorld sells the full report, last published in September 2025, behind a purchase (IBISWorld), and its free page does not describe how either number was produced. Its market-size page leaves the headline sentence unfilled, printing $xx.xx in place of the figure (IBISWorld). The industry code it uses, OD5350, is IBISWorld’s own, though the page labels it a NAICS code (IBISWorld). Census counts in this report use a different definition and should be read separately.

We found no published count behind “over 50,000 dance studios.” A May 2026 post by Dance Master Pro, which sells dance-studio management software, says there are over 50,000 in the United States, with no source (Dance Master Pro). That is a claim from a seller, not a count.

Use instead: IBISWorld’s figures labelled as IBISWorld’s, with the year and its own industry definition, or the Census counts in this report, with NAICS 611610 labelled as all fine arts schools.

“Kids in the arts are four times more likely to be recognized for academic achievement”

The figure comes from a 1998 report on after-school arts programs, not from a study of dance. Americans for the Arts, an advocacy group, states that a student involved in the arts is four times more likely to be recognized for academic achievement (Americans for the Arts) and credits Shirley Brice Heath’s 1998 monograph on community-based youth organizations (Americans for the Arts). Campaign wording adds a threshold of at least three hours on three days each week through at least one full year (Miami-Dade County Department of Cultural Affairs). Dance groups repeat it: MorDance, a New York dance nonprofit, says students regularly participating in the arts are 4x more likely (MorDance).

The monograph itself, which we read by OCR because the PDF is a scan, describes young people in community arts organizations in low-income neighborhoods and compares them with a national sample of secondary school students, not with matched peers. Its wording is that they were more likely to have “won school-wide attention for their academic achievement.” It covers the visual, performing and media arts together, and its comparison figures are not broken out for dance. We searched for a dance-only study behind the figure and found none.

Use instead: describe it as a 1998 comparison of youth in selected community arts organizations with a national student sample, and do not present it as a result of dance classes.

Every popular claim our research pages trace, 853 in all, is on one page: popular video statistics, fact-checked.

How we built this page

We started from the questions people search for about dance studio video statistics and looked for the organization that actually produced each answer. Every figure on this page sits in an evidence ledger with its source, the exact table or paragraph it came from, the measurement period, the population measured, and the date we checked it. This edition holds 533 figures from 72 publishers.

On November 8, 2026, each sourced figure on this page was re-fetched with the fetch cache cleared and matched against the recorded wording: BLS occupation wage estimates and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (through the BLS data API and data files) and Employment Projections pages (Internet Archive copies, because bls.gov refuses automated requests); Census County Business Patterns, the 2022 Economic Census and the Annual Integrated Economic Survey (through the Census data API) and Census survey documentation; NCES reports; franchise disclosure documents from Minnesota’s CARDS database; SEC filings on EDGAR; U.S. Copyright Office documents, the U.S. Code on govinfo, eCFR, the Ninth Circuit’s opinion, Florida statutes and House staff analyses; YouTube’s own help and blog pages; association, seller and competition company pages; and journal abstracts and full text (PubMed and PubMed Central rows re-read through NCBI’s E-utilities, because those pages answer scripts with a bot check). Our dance participation shares come from the Census Bureau’s public-use arts supplement data, our YouTube figures from the YouTube Data API, our filing counts from EDGAR full-text search and our injury estimates from CPSC’s published NEISS case files (Internet Archive copies). We left out pages on hosts whose robots rules bar AI agents, among them the National Endowment for the Arts’ site, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, BMI, Dance Magazine, ABC’s site and the Washington Post, and we cite the 2003 dementia paper from its authors’ copy, because nejm.org’s robots rules bar AI agents. We left out ftc.gov pages (they answer scripts with an error page, so FTC rules are cited from eCFR), and seller surveys that publish no field dates (the results of the 2024 Dance Studio Owners Survey and a 2020 TutuTix survey).

We only cite the producer: government agencies, regulators, company filings and official posts, and the survey owner's own report. We do not cite statistics roundups, Statista-style aggregators, or salary sites without a public method. We did not bypass paywalls or sign-up forms; where a full report was gated, we used only the figures its publisher states publicly.

Figures marked "our calculation" are arithmetic on the cited numbers, and anyone can reproduce them:

This edition contains no Mark Studios customer data.

Limitations

• No federal series counts dance studios alone. BLS and Census count fine arts schools (NAICS 611610), which puts dance, music, drama and art schools together, and teachers who work alone with no payroll are not in those counts. BLS has no code for dance teachers at private studios: they can fall under choreographers or under self-enrichment teachers, a code shared with music, art and other instructors.
• Our YouTube read follows YouTube’s ranking. The 537 videos are what YouTube’s search returned for ‘dance class’, ‘dance recital’ and ‘ballet class’ (the top 200 results of each, sorted by views, with no country filter) on November 8, 2026. It is not a census of dance video. View counts are lifetime snapshots, and we sorted 326 channels by hand from their public text without checking credentials. Family uploads and any video or channel that names a child appear in our tables only as a class and counts, so 179 videos cannot be looked up from our files.
• Participation shares are our calculation. We calculated them from the Census Bureau’s public-use arts survey data, because the National Endowment for the Arts’ site bars AI agents. They can differ from the NEA’s published figures by rounding. Each question went to one part of the sample, we did not calculate margins of error, and the Florida shares rest on few respondents.
• Injury figures are estimates of hospital visits. They sum CPSC’s NEISS case weights for the dancing product code in 2024 and 2025, without standard errors, and they count emergency-department visits only, not injuries treated elsewhere.
• Study results come from specific settings. Most video feedback studies followed a few dancers without a separate control group, and the online-class surveys were self-reported samples from 2020 to 2022.
• Seller figures are their own. Jackrabbit, DanceStudio-Pro, ClassPass, Showstopper, Starpower and the dance franchisors all sell into this market, and IBISWorld’s market estimate sits behind a paywall with no method on its free page. Each is labelled where it appears.
• Franchise counts cover five systems with current Minnesota filings. Fred Astaire’s 2026 document is on file only as a marked copy, DivaDance’s Item 20 table is internally inconsistent, and other dance brands have no Minnesota filing. Those are not national totals.
• Rules are summaries, not legal advice, dated to the versions we read in November 2026. Copyright and licensing questions depend on the facts of a specific use.

How to cite this page

For a single figure, cite the original publisher named next to it, and link here if the verification trail is useful to your readers. Each figure has its own anchor, so you can link straight to it, for example https://www.markstudios.com/research/dance-studio-video-statistics#WRK-037. To cite the page as a whole:

Mark Studios. "Dance Studio Video Statistics." Last verified Nov 8, 2026. https://www.markstudios.com/research/dance-studio-video-statistics

@misc{markstudios_dance_studio_video_statistics_2026,
  author = {{Mark Studios}},
  title = {{Dance Studio Video Statistics}},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  url = {https://www.markstudios.com/research/dance-studio-video-statistics},
  note = {Last verified 2026-11-08}
}

Our calculations and the evidence table are free to reuse with attribution and a link to this page. Each underlying figure remains the claim of its original publisher, and some publishers ask for a link when their figures are reused.

Sources

Download the evidence table (CSV)

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2. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (Quinn et al., University of South Florida), Pilot study of a manualized behavioral coaching program to improve dance performance. (2021-08-04). Accessed 2026-11-08.
3. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (Goben et al., Florida Institute of Technology), A comparison of TAGteach and video self-evaluation to improve dance movement accuracy. (2023-07-02). Accessed 2026-11-08.
4. Frontiers in Psychology (Bläsing et al., Bielefeld University), Watching or Listening: How Visual and Verbal Information Contribute to Learning a Complex Dance Phrase. (2018-11-30). Accessed 2026-11-08.
5. Human Movement Science (Lelievre et al., University of Ottawa), Varied speeds of video demonstration do not influence the learning of a dance skill. (2021-01-07). Accessed 2026-11-08.
6. Journal of Sports Sciences (St Germain et al., University of Ottawa), Variations in observation frequency in a self-controlled learning environment do not modulate learning of a pirouette en dehors. (2019-05-24). Accessed 2026-11-08.
7. Perceptual and Motor Skills (Mhamdi et al., University of Sfax), Learning Dance Sequences From Passive and Interactive Videos at Different Times of Day. (2026-07-23). Accessed 2026-11-08.
8. PLOS ONE (Versace et al., Queen Mary University of London), Enhancing dance learning by optimising instructional perspective: A preregistered study on the effect of dancers' viewing perspective, cognitive load and expertise. (2026-09-16). Accessed 2026-11-08.
9. International Association for Development of the Information Society (Choresh, Caspi & Bar-Gil), Micro-Learning with TikTok vs. Classroom Instruction: Dance Acquisition among Physical Education Students (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
10. Perceptual and Motor Skills (Radell et al., Emory University), Effect of teaching with mirrors on ballet dance performance. (2003-12). Accessed 2026-11-08.
11. Journal of Dance Education (Dearborn & Ross), Dance Learning and the Mirror: Comparison Study of Dance Phrase Learning with and without Mirrors (2006). Accessed 2026-11-08.
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13. Psychology Research and Behavior Management (Li MT), Investigating Psychological Motivations to Use Online Physical Learning: A Theoretical Study in the Dance Education. (2023-08-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
14. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science (Bruyneel et al.), Curriculum Development, Implementation, and Evaluation During the COVID-19 Confinement Period in France. (2020-11-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
15. Journal of Dance Education (Li), Shifts in Pedagogy and Autonomy in Virtual Dance Teaching and Learning (2024). Accessed 2026-11-08.
16. BMC Psychology (Humphries et al.), Acutely enhancing affective state and social connection following an online dance intervention during the COVID-19 social isolation crisis. (2023-01-16). Accessed 2026-11-08.
17. Journal of Adolescence (Tunçgenç et al.), Benefits of an online group dance program for adolescents' social bonding and wellbeing. (2024-08-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
18. Frontiers in Psychology (Dang et al.), Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dance Injury During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study From University Students in China. (2021-10-27). Accessed 2026-11-08.
19. Journal of Dance Education (Farmer & Rogan), Mental Well-Being and Sleep Hygiene in Undergraduate Dance Students during the Coronavirus Pandemic: An Exploratory Analysis (2024). Accessed 2026-11-08.
20. Frontiers in Neurology (Bek et al.), Dance at Home for People With Parkinson's During COVID-19 and Beyond: Participation, Perceptions, and Prospects. (2021-05-31). Accessed 2026-11-08.
21. Telemedicine and e-Health (Shim et al.), Tele-Dance Interventions for Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review. (2026-03-14). Accessed 2026-11-08.
22. American Journal of Nursing (Lancaster et al.), Original Research: TikTok's 'Dancing Nurses' During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Content Analysis. (2022-12-01). Accessed 2026-11-08.
23. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science (Henn et al., University of Wolverhampton), Spinal Counts, Impact, and Partnering Movements in Ballet, Modern, and Hip Hop dance: A YouTube Video Analysis Study. (2023-06-21). Accessed 2026-11-08.
24. Body Image (Roberts et al.), "Intermission!" A short-term social media fast reduces self-objectification among pre-teen and teen dancers. (2022-09-21). Accessed 2026-11-08.
25. JMIR Cardio (Sakairi et al., Juntendo University), Efficacy of Unsupervised YouTube Dance Exercise for Patients With Hypertension: Randomized Controlled Trial. (2025-01-09). Accessed 2026-11-08.
26. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, NEISS Coding Manual, July 2023 (2023-07). Accessed 2026-11-08.
27. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2024 NEISS Data Highlights (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
28. Pediatric Emergency Care (Dadoo et al., Nationwide Children's Hospital), Pediatric Dance-Related Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments in the United States, 2000-2020. (2023-07-19). Accessed 2026-11-08.
29. Sports Health (Honrado et al., NYU Langone Health), Epidemiology of Patients with Dance-Related Injuries Presenting to Emergency Departments in the United States, 2014-2018. (2021-02-06). Accessed 2026-11-08.
30. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation (Koch et al., John A. Burns School of Medicine), Lower Extremity Sprains and Knee/Ankle Injury Predominate Among Pediatric Dancers. (2026-05-22). Accessed 2026-11-08.
31. Medical Problems of Performing Artists (Vassallo et al., University of Sydney), Epidemiology of Dance-Related Injuries Presenting to Emergency Departments in the United States, 2000-2013. (2017-09). Accessed 2026-11-08.
32. Journal of ISAKOS (Stephens et al., Eastern Virginia Medical School), Dance-related fractures occur in the upper and lower extremities at similar rates: An analysis of the 2004-2023 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database. (2025-03-24). Accessed 2026-11-08.
33. U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, July 2022 Public Use Microdata technical documentation (Arts supplement) (2022). Accessed 2026-11-08.
34. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Sports and Exercise (Spotlight on Statistics) (2008-05). Accessed 2026-11-08.
35. U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, July 2017 Public Use Microdata technical documentation (Arts supplement) (2017). Accessed 2026-11-08.
36. National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Arts Education in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools: 1999-2000 and 2009-10 (NCES 2012-014) (2012-05). Accessed 2026-11-08.
37. National Federation of State High School Associations, High School Athletics Participation Survey, 2025-26 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
38. National Federation of State High School Associations, High School Athletics Participation Survey, 2024-25 (2025). Accessed 2026-11-08.
39. Dance Data Project, Ballet Artistic and Executive Compensation Report 2026 (2026-03-31). Accessed 2026-11-08.
40. Dance/USA, Dance/USA Ecosystem Survey 2024 Findings: Public Report (2024-10-31). Accessed 2026-11-08.
41. Dance/NYC, State of NYC Dance 2023: Findings from the Dance Industry Census, Key Findings (text only) (2023-12). Accessed 2026-11-08.
42. YouTube (Google LLC), How Content ID works - YouTube Help (undated help page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
43. YouTube (Google LLC), Common copyright myths - YouTube Help (undated help page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
44. YouTube (Google LLC), Use music and sound effects from the Audio Library - YouTube Help (undated help page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
45. YouTube (Google LLC), Copyright issues with live streams - YouTube Help (undated help page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
46. YouTube (Google LLC), YouTube Copyright Transparency Report data feed (action count) (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
47. YouTube (Google LLC), Copyright tools: Rightsholders and creators - How YouTube Works (undated page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
48. YouTube (Google LLC), Qualify for Content ID - YouTube Help (undated help page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
49. YouTube (Google LLC), YouTube Shorts up to three minutes - YouTube Help (undated help page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
50. YouTube (Google LLC), YouTube Shorts up to three minutes - YouTube Help (Internet Archive capture) (undated help page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
51. YouTube (Google LLC), Child safety policy - YouTube Help (undated help page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
52. YouTube (Google LLC), Learn the latest line dance routines with YouTube tutorials and playlists (2026-04-24). Accessed 2026-11-08.
53. YouTube (Google LLC), BTS and YouTube announce 'Permission to Dance' challenge only on YouTube Shorts (2021-07-19). Accessed 2026-11-08.
54. YouTube (Google LLC), Trending now: Italian brainrot, NFL schedule release videos, 100 men vs 1 gorilla & more (2025-06-02). Accessed 2026-11-08.
55. Jackrabbit Technologies, 2024 Dance Studio Industry Benchmark Report (2024). Accessed 2026-11-08.
56. Jackrabbit Technologies, Jackrabbit Class Management Software | Cheer, Swim, Gym & More (undated page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
57. DanceStudio-Pro (Studio Pro), The Studio Owners' Ultimate Guide to Dance Recital Ticketing (undated post (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
58. DanceStudio-Pro (Studio Pro), 2024 Insights from the Dance Studio Owners Survey Webinar (2024). Accessed 2026-11-08.
59. ClassPass, 2025 ClassPass Look Back Report (Internet Archive capture) (2025). Accessed 2026-11-08.
60. ClassPass, 2022 ClassPass & Mindbody Look Back Report (Internet Archive capture) (2022). Accessed 2026-11-08.
61. EventLive, How to live stream a dance recital (undated post (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
62. Showstopper, Showstopper | America's #1 Dance Competition (undated page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
63. Starpower, About Us - Starpower Talent Competition (undated page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
64. Youth America Grand Prix, Support the Future of Dance (undated page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
65. Youth America Grand Prix, Support the future of dance (donate page) (undated page (read 2026-11-08)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
66. ABC (Disney Entertainment Television press), 'Dancing with the Stars' Caps Spectacular Season 34 With 9.24 Million Total Viewers (Internet Archive capture) (2025-11-26). Accessed 2026-11-08.
67. Dance Teacher, This Is the Way Forward (2020-04-02). Accessed 2026-11-08.
68. Dance Teacher, Will COVID-19 Change End-of-Year Recitals for Good? (2020-12-04). Accessed 2026-11-08.
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74. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
75. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook: Dancers and Choreographers (2026-09-14). Accessed 2026-11-08.
76. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
77. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
78. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
79. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
80. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
81. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
82. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
83. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
84. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
85. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
86. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
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88. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
89. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
90. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
91. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
92. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
93. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
94. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
95. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
96. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-08.
97. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2025 annual averages, industry 611610 (CSV) (2026-08-21). Accessed 2026-11-08.
98. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2019 annual averages, industry 611610 (CSV) (2020-08-28). Accessed 2026-11-08.
99. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API, dataset 2023/cbp) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-08.
100. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census: Summary Statistics for the U.S., States, and Selected Geographies (Census Data API, dataset 2022/ecnbasic) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
101. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census: Industry by Products Statistics for the U.S. (Census Data API, dataset 2022/ecnnapcsind) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
102. U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Integrated Economic Survey 2024: Summary Statistics for Employer Firms in the U.S. (Census Data API, dataset 2024/aiesbasic) (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
103. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2025 annual averages, industry 711120 (CSV) (2026-08-21). Accessed 2026-11-08.
104. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2019 annual averages, industry 711120 (CSV) (2020-08-28). Accessed 2026-11-08.
105. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API, dataset 2023/cbp) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-08.
106. U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics: 2024 (Census Data API, dataset 2024/nonemp) (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
107. U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Integrated Economic Survey: Selected Sectors: Detailed Operating Expenses for Employer Firms in the U.S.: 2024 (Census Data API, dataset 2024/aiesexp02) (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
108. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API, dataset 2023/cbp) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-08.
109. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API, dataset 2023/cbp) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-08.
110. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API, dataset 2023/cbp) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-08.
111. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API, dataset 2023/cbp) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-08.
112. Arthur Murray International, Inc. (franchise disclosure document filed with the Minnesota Department of Commerce), Arthur Murray International, Inc. Franchise Disclosure Document, Clean FDD 2026 (issuance date June 30, 2026), Minnesota CARDS file 10597 (document 37007-202607-03) (2026-06-30). Accessed 2026-11-08.
113. FADS USA, Inc. (franchise disclosure document filed with the Minnesota Department of Commerce), FADS USA, Inc. (Fred Astaire Dance Studios) Franchise Disclosure Document, Marked FDD 2026 (issuance date June 5, 2026), Minnesota CARDS file 5518 (document 36832-202606-03) (2026-06-05). Accessed 2026-11-08.
114. Tutu School Franchises, LLC (franchise disclosure document filed with the Minnesota Department of Commerce), Tutu School Franchises, LLC Franchise Disclosure Document, Clean FDD 2026 (issuance date April 20, 2026), Minnesota CARDS file 8071 (document 36113-202604-13) (2026-04-20). Accessed 2026-11-08.
115. DivaDance Company (franchise disclosure document filed with the Minnesota Department of Commerce), DivaDance Company Franchise Disclosure Document, Clean FDD 2026 (issuance date April 30, 2026), Minnesota CARDS file 11507 (document 36501-202605-10) (2026-04-30). Accessed 2026-11-08.
116. Fly Dance Fitness Franchising, LLC (franchise disclosure document filed with the Minnesota Department of Commerce), Fly Dance Fitness Franchising, LLC Franchise Disclosure Document, Clean FDD 2026 (issuance date April 19, 2026), Minnesota CARDS file 11470 (document 36395-202604-12) (2026-04-19). Accessed 2026-11-08.
117. DexCom, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K exhibit), DexCom, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2022, office lease exhibit (2023-02-09). Accessed 2026-11-08.
118. Newtek Business Services Corp. (SEC Form 10-K), Newtek Business Services Corp. Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2021 (2022-03-01). Accessed 2026-11-08.
119. Brixmor Property Group Inc. (SEC Form 10-K exhibit), Brixmor Property Group Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2024, property schedule exhibit (2025-02-10). Accessed 2026-11-08.
120. Ballroom Dance Fitness, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), Ballroom Dance Fitness, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2012 (2013-04-01). Accessed 2026-11-08.
121. U.S. Copyright Office, Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17), Chapter 1, Circular 92 (undated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
122. U.S. Copyright Office, Copyright Registration of Choreography and Pantomime (Circular 52) (2022-10). Accessed 2026-11-08.
123. U.S. Copyright Office, Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices, Third Edition, Chapter 800: Works of the Performing Arts (2021-01-28). Accessed 2026-11-08.
124. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (via GovInfo), Hanagami v. Epic Games, Inc., No. 22-55890 (9th Cir. Nov. 1, 2023), opinion (2023-11-01). Accessed 2026-11-08.
125. U.S. Copyright Office, Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17), Chapter 5, Circular 92 (undated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
126. ASCAP, Dancing Schools Agreement (ASCAP license form) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
127. ASCAP, ASCAP Music Licensing FAQs (undated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
128. ASCAP, Dancing Schools: 2026 Dancing School Statement (ASCAP rate schedule) (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
129. Florida Legislature, Chapter 2014-147, Laws of Florida (CS/CS/HB 7051) (2014-06-13). Accessed 2026-11-08.
130. Florida House of Representatives, House of Representatives Final Bill Analysis, CS/CS/HB 7051 (2014) (2014-06-17). Accessed 2026-11-08.
131. Florida Legislature, Online Sunshine, View Statutes, section 501.143 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
132. Florida Legislature, Section 501.143, Dance Studio Act, 2013 Florida Statutes (2013). Accessed 2026-11-08.
133. Florida House of Representatives, House of Representatives Staff Analysis, HB 4011 Dance Studios (2011) (2011-03-24). Accessed 2026-11-08.
134. Florida Legislature, Section 540.08, Florida Statutes (2026). Accessed 2026-11-08.
135. Federal Trade Commission (eCFR), 16 CFR Part 255 - Guides Concerning Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising (eCFR) (2023-07-26). Accessed 2026-11-08.
136. Federal Trade Commission (eCFR), 16 CFR Part 312 - Children's Online Privacy Protection Rule (eCFR) (2025-04-22). Accessed 2026-11-08.
137. Fitness Volt (fitness website; repeater), Calories Burned Dancing Calculator (2026-10-09). Accessed 2026-11-08.
138. Harvard Health Publishing (Harvard Medical School), Calories burned in 30 minutes for people of three different weights (2021-03-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
139. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Physical Activity for a Healthy Weight (table: Calories Used per Hour in Common Physical Activities) (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
140. Adult Compendium of Physical Activities, 2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities: Dancing (2024). Accessed 2026-11-08.
141. American Council on Exercise (ACE-funded study; ACE certifies fitness instructors), Is Zumba Fun and Effective? (ACE Certified News) (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
142. New England Journal of Medicine (Verghese et al., Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Leisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia in the Elderly (2003-06-19). Accessed 2026-11-08.
143. New England Journal of Medicine (Verghese et al., Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Leisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia in the Elderly (2003-06-19). Accessed 2026-11-08.
144. Richard Powers, Stanford Social Dance (dance instructor's essay), Use It or Lose It: Dancing Makes You Smarter (Not stated (capture 2007-04-22)). Accessed 2026-11-08.
145. Fred Astaire Dance Studios (dance-studio franchisor; sells lessons), 7 Powerful Reasons Dancing Makes You Smarter (Use It Or Lose It!) (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
146. UCLA Health (Ask the Doctors column), Keep dancing to preserve memory (2026-03-25). Accessed 2026-11-08.
147. EyeView Digital (video production and testing vendor; sold the videos it tested), EyeView - The new "Conversion" game (2008-12-04). Accessed 2026-11-08.
148. EyeView Digital (video production and testing vendor; sold the videos it tested), UMOO - a prime beef example of EyeView's success (2009-02-10). Accessed 2026-11-08.
149. EyeView Digital (video production and testing vendor; sold the videos it tested), Another video conversion success story (2009-11-10). Accessed 2026-11-08.
150. EyeView Digital (video production and testing vendor; sold the videos it tested), Making Video Accountable (EyeView white paper) (2010). Accessed 2026-11-08.
151. Unbounce (landing-page software seller), The benefits of using video on landing pages (2010-08). Accessed 2026-11-08.
152. WordStream (PPC advertising software seller), 6 Ways to Use Video to Increase Conversion Rates (2016-03-30). Accessed 2026-11-08.
153. Unbounce (landing-page software seller; analysis of its own customers' pages), Video on landing pages means more conversions, right? Wrong. Here's why (2021-08-26). Accessed 2026-11-08.
154. Unbounce (landing-page software seller; repeater), 15 high-converting landing page examples (+ why they work) (2025-04-06). Accessed 2026-11-08.
155. IBISWorld (market-research firm; sells the full report), Dance Studios in the US - Industry Data and Analysis (2025-09). Accessed 2026-11-08.
156. IBISWorld (market-research firm; sells the full report), Dance Studios in the US - Market Size (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
157. Dance Master Pro (dance-studio software seller; dev.to post; repeater), Dance School Industry Analysis 2026 (2026-05-20). Accessed 2026-11-08.
158. Americans for the Arts (arts advocacy organization), Arts Education Navigator: Facts & Figures (2013). Accessed 2026-11-08.
159. Miami-Dade County Department of Cultural Affairs (public arts agency; campaign text), The Arts. Ask for More. National Public Awareness Campaign (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-08.
160. MorDance (501(c)(3) dance nonprofit; repeater), Our Outreach Initiatives (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-08.

Update policy and change log

We re-verify every figure quarterly and when a major source publishes a new edition. The next scheduled review is February 2027. Corrections go to contact@markstudios.com.

• Nov 8, 2026: First published with 529 figures from 72 publishers, each checked against its original source.