Physician Assistant Video Statistics

Key takeaways

1. Physician assistant channels posted 33.0% of the on-topic videos among YouTube’s most-viewed results for ‘physician assistant’, ‘PA school’ and ‘physician associate’ but drew only 12.6% of their views; two single shorts from physicians’ channels drew 24.7% and 23.3% of all on-topic views (our read, Nov 10, 2026). (Mark Studios) See details
2. Search YouTube for ‘physician assistant’ and much of what comes back is about another job: medical assistant videos were 29.8% of that list and drew 63.2% of its views. Among on-topic videos, 22 titles about people faking PA or medical schooling drew 18.2% of the views, more than PA channels did (our read, Nov 10, 2026). (Mark Studios) See details
3. Videos of 60 seconds or less were 20.5% of the on-topic videos and drew 53.5% of the views. Student and pre-PA personal vlogs were 10.0% of the on-topic videos but drew 1.8% of the views (our read, Nov 10, 2026). (Mark Studios) See details
4. The 26 U.S.-placed PA channels posted 918 videos in the year to Nov 10, 2026, but the median channel posted 1.5 and 12 posted nothing (our read). (Mark Studios) See details
5. CMS listed 112,514 providers of type ‘Physician Assistant’ billing Medicare Part B fee-for-service in 2024, 35.0% more than the 83,340 in 2019; the largest one-year rise, 8.0%, came in 2022, the first year Medicare could pay PAs directly. Medicare paid for $3,656,112,845 of PA-billed services in 2024 (our sums of CMS’s file). (CMS) See details
6. In Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties, 430, 451 and 79 physician assistants billed Medicare in 2024, 14.2% of Florida’s 6,755 (our count from CMS’s file). (CMS) See details
7. Physician assistants held 25.2% of the provider lines billing destruction of a precancerous skin lesion in 2024, 27.2% of those billing a shave biopsy, 21.7% of those billing a large-joint injection and 12.3% of those billing a 99213 office visit (our sums of CMS’s files). (CMS) See details
8. BLS estimated 162,150 wage and salary physician assistant jobs in May 2025, with a median annual wage of $135,880. Florida had 9,310 jobs at a median of $129,620, and the Port St. Lucie area (Martin and St. Lucie counties) a median of $125,930. (BLS) See details
9. BLS projects physician assistant jobs to grow 21.1% from 2025 to 2035, against 3.5% for all jobs, eleventh on its fastest-growing list; in the 2023-2033 projections the rate was 28.5%. (BLS) See details
10. Florida had 13,340 in-state active physician assistant licences at the end of fiscal year 2025-26, up 12.2% from 11,890 two years earlier (our calculation). Since July 2021 a Florida physician may supervise up to 10 PAs at a time, up from four. (Florida Department of Health) See details
11. Nurse practitioners and physician assistants delivered 25.6% of traditional Medicare evaluation and management visits by 2019 (Patel et al., BMJ, 2023). In a VA cohort of 368 481 adults with diabetes, HbA1c under physician assistant primary care differed from physician care by 0.01%, not a clinically significant difference (Jackson et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, 2018). (BMJ) See details
12. 454 SEC annual reports filed in 2025 named physician assistants or physician associates, after a peak of 505 in 2022; 89.2% of the 2025 filings also said “Sunshine”, because since 2022 drug and device makers must report payments to PAs (our count with EDGAR full-text search). (Mark Studios) See details
13. The line that PAs can do “approximately 80 percent” of a primary care doctor’s duties appears, in the earliest form we found, in a 1999 newspaper column with no source; the older studies gave ranges such as 60 to 80 percent of tasks PAs could do, and a 1984 Florida study found PAs alone performed about 35% of services in the practices it observed. (U.S. Congress OTA) See details

Who makes the most-viewed physician assistant videos on YouTube?

Physician assistants and PA-staffed practices posted 33.0% of the on-topic videos but drew 12.6% of the on-topic views when we read YouTube's 200 most-viewed results for each of 'physician assistant', 'PA school' and 'physician associate' on November 10, 2026 (our calculation). We pulled the three view-sorted lists through the YouTube Data API on one day, with no country or language filter, and got 446 unique videos from 295 channels with 142.9 million lifetime views in all (142,947,832) (our calculation). The lists are YouTube's own ranking on that day, not a census; view counts are lifetime snapshots; we did not watch the videos. We classed every channel by hand from its own title, description and sample titles. A channel counts as a physician assistant when its own text, channel title or handle says so, or when a practice presents its own PAs; we did not check anyone's licence. We found 37 such channels.

A search for 'physician assistant' returns a lot of medical assistant videos. 59 videos in that list, 29.8% of it, were about medical assistants, a different and shorter-trained job, and they drew 63.2% of the list's views, led by training-school clips of medical assistant students giving injections (our calculation). The 'PA school' list mixes in Pennsylvania: 18.3% of its videos were off-topic, 18 of them news and other videos about schools in Pennsylvania, with the rest public-address systems, pathologists' assistants and 'pa' as a word in other languages. The 'physician associate' list was clean: 0 of its 200 videos were off-topic. Across the sample, 351 videos were on-topic; off-topic videos were 21.3% of the sample and drew 59.6% of its views (our calculation). We count those and withhold the ones that show children or a private person's own vlog.

Two physicians drew almost half of the on-topic views with one short each. Brian Hoeflinger, MD, a neurosurgeon by his own text, drew 24.7% with a short about his physician assistant, and Miki Rai, whose own text names her surgical residency, drew 23.3% with a short on the highest-paid healthcare workers who are not doctors (our calculation). Other clinicians as a group drew 52.3%. Without the single most-viewed channel, physician assistant channels drew 16.7% of on-topic views and media, news, podcast and general-creator channels 31.0%. Among PA channels, Daniela Mendes, a physician associate in emergency medicine by her own text, drew 39.0% of the class's views (our calculation).

Commentary on a fake PA student drew more views than the profession's own channels. 22 on-topic titles were about people faking PA or medical schooling, nearly all of them commentary and reaction videos about one social-media influencer, whom we do not name, and those videos drew 18.2% of on-topic views; physician assistant channels as a whole drew 12.6% (our calculation). In the 'PA school' list, media, news, podcast and general-creator channels drew 46.4% of on-topic views and PA channels 27.4%. Media, news, podcast and general creators drew 23.4% of on-topic views across the sample.

Students and sellers are a large share of the videos and a small share of the views. Student and pre-PA personal vlogs, which we publish as counts only, came from 24 channels and were 10.0% of on-topic videos but drew 1.8% of on-topic views; in the 'PA school' list they were 17.4% of on-topic videos. PA-school, admissions and exam-prep sellers, such as admissions consultancies, interview coaches and board-exam review channels, came from 16 channels and posted 12.5% of on-topic videos with 5.4% of the views (our calculation). Hospitals, health systems, PA programs and universities posted 7.4% of on-topic videos and drew 3.7%; government, association and NGO channels, including U.S. military recruiting, Veterans Health Administration and NHS careers channels, drew 0.6% (our calculation).

Views were concentrated. The three most-viewed channels drew 52.9% of on-topic views and the ten most-viewed 74.4%, with no tie at either cut-off (our calculation). In order, the top ten were Brian Hoeflinger, MD, Miki Rai, Daniela Mendes, Angel Off Record, imactuallyLazy, Med School Insiders, Atozy, Hannah Alonzo, Dr. Cellini and Elon University; the eleventh was Kennie J.D.

The UK debate over physician associates is a small part of the record. 23 of the 200 videos in the 'physician associate' list came from channels about the UK role, such as NHS careers channels, UK medical schools, doctors in England and UK news reports on the British Medical Association's call to limit what physician associates do, and UK-role channels drew 0.9% of on-topic views (our calculation). Most of the rest of the 'physician associate' list was U.S. physician assistant content, and it shares many videos with the 'physician assistant' list.

By title, 145 on-topic videos named PA school, PA students, pre-PA or a PA program, 29 of them from student vlogs; 32 were day-in-the-life or come-to-work-with-me videos; 28 were about pay or salary, and those drew 26.1% of on-topic views, most of it the residency doctor's short; 34 compared PAs or PA school with doctors, medical school, nurse practitioners or other jobs; 9 asked whether the job is worth it or warned about its downsides; and 4 were court testimony or depositions by physician assistants (our calculation; every flagged title read, false matches removed). 32.5% of the on-topic videos were published in 2024 or later.

Short videos carried the views. 20.5% of on-topic videos ran 60 seconds or less, and they drew 53.5% of on-topic views; 45.6% ran longer than 10 minutes (our calculation).

26 of the 37 physician assistant and PA-staffed practice channels were U.S.-placed, by their own text or their country setting, and together they drew 11.3% of on-topic views (our calculation). 0 on-topic channels named a Florida place in their own text, so the sample says nothing about Palm Beach, Broward or Martin county practices; the Florida places we saw were on off-topic medical assistant videos or a withheld student vlog.

We also read a full year of uploads from those 26 U.S.-placed PA channels. They posted 918 videos between November 10, 2025 and November 10, 2026, but the median channel posted 1.5, 12 posted nothing and 3 posted 100 or more (our calculation). Practices did most of the posting: Summit Medical Institute, a neurosurgery and orthopedic practice, posted the most, 236, the three largest posters made 67.1% of the year's uploads, and the practice channels, including a PA-owned ear clinic, made 64.4%, while 12 of the individual PA channels posted nothing. 49.7% of the year's uploads ran 60 seconds or less, and the median upload had 519.5 views (our calculation). The counts cover each channel's uploads on any subject.

Students' and pre-PA applicants' personal vlogs, patients' and families' own stories, private people and children on video are published as class and counts only. We withheld 60 videos from the public files: 37 channels at channel level and 12 single videos in otherwise named channels, such as mock admissions interviews with named pre-PA students and a breakfast-TV interview with bereaved parents (our calculation). The files are youtube-videos.csv (every sample video), youtube-channels.csv (every channel and its class) and youtube-us-physician-assistant-channels.csv (the year of uploads).

What do studies find when they compare physician assistant and physician care?

Most comparisons find similar results on the outcomes they measured, but the evidence is mostly observational and its quality is debated. In a Veterans Affairs cohort of 368 481 adults with drug-treated diabetes at 568 VA primary care facilities, physician assistants were the main primary care provider for 6.9% of patients in 2012 (Annals of Internal Medicine, Jackson et al.). Their patients’ 2013 HbA1c differed from physician patients’ by 0.01%, and the authors found no clinically significant difference in blood sugar, blood pressure or LDL cholesterol between patients of physicians, NPs and PAs (Annals of Internal Medicine, Jackson et al.). The study population was mostly men in a staff-model health system, a limit the authors state. In medically complex VA patients with diabetes (2012-13 data), case-mix-adjusted total care costs were 6-7 percent lower for patients of NPs and PAs than for physician patients, driven by more emergency and inpatient use among physician patients (Health Affairs, Morgan et al.).

Systematic reviews read the same literature differently. A 2025 rapid review in The BMJ, written for a UK policy review, screened 3636 studies and included 40 comparisons of PA and physician care, mostly weak-quality retrospective studies (The BMJ, Cooper et al.). Most of them, 31/40, came from the United States, and none came from after the covid-19 pandemic (The BMJ, Cooper et al.). It found PAs practised safely and effectively under direct supervision and in post-diagnosis care, found no difference in patient satisfaction, and concluded the evidence does not support indirect supervision of PAs in undifferentiated, pre-diagnosis settings. A 2021 PLOS ONE review of 39 studies, co-written by a long-time PA workforce researcher, found PA care comparable to physicians’ in 15 studies and better in 18 (PLOS ONE, van den Brink et al.), and labor and resource costs lower with PA care in 29 (PLOS ONE, van den Brink et al.). A 2018 BMJ Open review of PAs in hospital care included 16 observational studies and reported shorter waits and little or no negative effect on outcomes or cost when PAs were added to teams (BMJ Open, Halter et al.).

Hospital-level and emergency studies point both ways. Across 3487 U.S. hospitals in 2022, physicians made up on average 79.7% of affiliated physicians plus NPs and PAs, and hospitals with the highest physician share had lower 30-day risk-standardized mortality for most conditions studied, an association rather than a measured cause (American Journal of Medical Quality, Gettel et al.). A 2021 single-site pilot of nearly 26,000 emergency encounters at an Arizona critical access hospital found transfers, 72-hour returns and deaths similar for physicians and PAs working alone (JAAPA, Moore); JAAPA is the journal of the PAs’ professional association.

What do studies find about physician assistants in dermatology?

Their share of skin care has grown fast, and two studies found more biopsies per cancer found. In 33 647 skin cancer screening exams at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center dermatology offices in 2011-2015, PAs performed 39.4 biopsies per melanoma diagnosed against 25.4 for dermatologists (JAMA Dermatology, Anderson et al.), 55% more (our calculation). Per skin cancer of any kind, the figures were 3.9 and 3.3, and rates of invasive melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer found per visit did not differ significantly (JAMA Dermatology, Anderson et al.). In Medicare Part B data, PAs had an odds ratio of 1.6 for performing benign skin biopsies compared with MD/DO physicians, and NPs 1.9 (Dermatologic Surgery, Aggarwal et al.).

The Medicare shares pool NPs and PAs and leave out visits billed “incident to” a dermatologist. The NCCPA counts come from the PA certifying board’s own survey, and two of that study’s authors work for NCCPA. Our dermatology page covers dermatologists’ own numbers.

What do studies find about physician assistant prescribing?

Overall quality looks similar, with more high-prescribing outliers among PAs and NPs. In 701,499 sampled U.S. ambulatory visits in 2006-2012, NPs and PAs prescribed similarly to physicians on 10 of the 13 quality indicators after adjustment (Pharmacotherapy, Jiao et al.); in those survey years PAs were the primary provider at only 1.6% of the visits examined (Pharmacotherapy, Jiao et al.). In Medicare Part D data for 2013-2016 covering 36,999 generalist clinicians, adjusted total opioid claims over four years were 812 for PAs, 755 for NPs and 660 for physicians (Pain Medicine, Ellenbogen and Segal).

In a 20% sample of 2015 Medicare Part D data covering 222,689 primary care providers, 9.8% of PAs met at least one of the authors’ three definitions of opioid overprescribing, against 8.0% of NPs and 3.8% of physicians (Journal of General Internal Medicine, Lozada et al.), 2.6 times the physician rate (our calculation). 8.8% of PAs prescribed an opioid to at least half of their patients, against 1.3% of physicians (JGIM, Lozada et al.); the authors add that most NPs and PAs prescribed in a pattern similar to physicians. A CDC-led analysis found antibiotics prescribed at 17% of outpatient visits involving an NP or PA against 12% of physician-only visits (Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Sanchez et al.), and at 61% of acute respiratory infection visits against 54% (Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Sanchez et al.). In 2023 Medicare data for 19,823 New York State primary care prescribers, PAs had adjusted odds of 1.90 of being high antibiotic prescribers (Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology, Marellapudi et al.).

PAs have also taken on more specialist prescribing. From 2016 to 2019 the number of buprenorphine-waivered clinicians per 100,000 rural residents rose 111 percent, and NPs and PAs, eligible for waivers from 2017, accounted for more than half of that increase (Health Affairs, Barnett, Lee and Frank). NPs and PAs were the first waivered clinicians in 165 rural counties with 5.7 million residents (Health Affairs, Barnett, Lee and Frank). The NP and PA share of buprenorphine treatment episodes in 2017-2018 ranged from 0.4% in Alabama to 57.2% in Montana, and states with full scope of practice for PAs saw higher odds of NP or PA treatment (Medical Care Research and Review, Harrison et al.). PAs made up 8.9% of prescribers of common rheumatoid arthritis drugs (DMARDs) in Medicare Part D in 2023, up from 4.2% in 2013 (Rheumatology International, Hooker and Reinhart).

How much U.S. care do physician assistants deliver, by peer-reviewed counts?

Most counts pool PAs with nurse practitioners, and all of them miss work billed under a physician. In a 20% sample of traditional Medicare covering 276 million visits, NPs and PAs together delivered 14.0% of evaluation and management visits in 2013 and 25.6% in 2019 (The BMJ, Patel et al.), a rise of 11.6 percentage points (our calculation). Among patients with any visit in 2019, 41.9% saw an NP or PA at least once (The BMJ, Patel et al.), and the likelihood of any NP or PA care was 19.7% greater for rural residents (The BMJ, Patel et al.). In 2019, 33.1% of the 1,934,318 Medicare beneficiaries living with dementia who received care saw a PA, against 62.9% who saw an NP (Alzheimer’s & Dementia, Maust et al.).

A large part of NP and PA work is billed under a physician’s name, which Medicare pays at a higher rate than when NPs and PAs bill directly. An estimated 30.6 million NP or PA visits in fee-for-service Medicare were billed this way in 2018, up from 10.9 million in 2010 (Health Affairs, Patel et al.). In 2022, 38.9% of office encounters by advanced practice clinicians were billed indirectly (JAMA Health Forum, Mulcahy et al.), and the authors estimate Medicare would have saved $270 million that year had all of them been billed directly (JAMA Health Forum, Mulcahy et al.).

Emergency medicine NPs and PAs left the field at a weighted 13.8% a year in 2014-2021, with higher attrition among PAs, while the group grew from 14,559 to 17,679 (Annals of Emergency Medicine, Gettel et al.). A 2022 microsimulation projected 204,243 clinically active PAs by 2035 on a BLS-based model and 214,248 on an NCCPA-based model (Future Healthcare Journal, Hooker et al.); the two baselines count different things, and the profession section below gives the current counts.

What do studies find about physician assistants and telehealth?

Telehealth is concentrated in some specialties. In NCCPA data analysed in 2024, PAs in psychiatry were nearly twice as likely as other PAs to provide telemedicine, 62.7% against 32.9% (Human Resources for Health, Bruza-Augatis et al.). The share of certified PAs practising psychiatry rose from 1.1% (630) in 2013 to 2.0% (2 262) in 2021 (Human Resources for Health, Bruza-Augatis et al.). In a small 2024 survey of 30 PAs recruited through social media, PAs rated telemedicine a helpful way to increase access, a mean of 4.129 on a 1-5 usability scale, but said it did not replace in-person visits (JAAPA, Raspet and Gietzen). We found no peer-reviewed study that measures PA video visits separately in national claims.

What do studies find about physician assistants on TikTok and social media?

Few content studies count PAs as a separate creator group. In a 2024 study of top TikTok dermal filler videos, videos posted by PAs had the highest mean DISCERN quality score, 1.92 on a 1-5 scale, against 1.72 for physicians, while all videos averaged 1.64, which the authors call significantly low quality (Skin Health and Disease, de Baun et al.). A study of 400 TikTok videos from four skin treatment hashtags, searched July 16, 2021, sorted posters into classes that included PAs; licensed professionals of all kinds posted 37.3% of the videos and patients 40.8%, with no PA-only share in the abstract (Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, Campbell et al.).

For PA schools, social media matters less than accreditation, location and exam pass rates. In a survey of 374 PA students from 28 programs who enrolled between January 2021 and January 2024, 78% said a program’s social media presence had little or no impact on their choice; the posts they rated most impactful were “Day in the Life of a PA student” videos (Journal of Physician Assistant Education, Heagey et al.). Our YouTube section above counts PA-school and student videos directly.

What do patients and colleagues think of physician assistant care?

Satisfaction studies mostly find no difference from physicians, but we found no recent peer-reviewed survey of how well U.S. patients understand the PA role. A 2019 international scoping review found 25 articles on patient satisfaction with PAs, most from the U.S., and concluded that satisfaction with PA care is largely indistinguishable from physician care (Human Resources for Health, Hooker, Moloney-Johns and McFarland). At one academic institution, having a PA in an orthopedic surgeon’s clinic was associated with higher odds of a 5-star overall rating, an odds ratio of 1.38 in Press Ganey scores from 11,059 patients (Orthopedics, Sharabianlou Korth et al.).

Among colleagues, 59% of 5823 U.S. physicians in a national survey said they work with PAs and/or NPs, and most said PAs and NPs improved their practice (Health Affairs Scholar, Hu et al.); the lead author works for the Association of American Medical Colleges and a co-author for the American Academy of Physician Associates. In a survey of 103 hospital medicine physicians and NPs at Northwell Health, 73% said the title change from physician assistant to physician associate would not change how they see PAs (Journal of Allied Health, Muniz). That survey measured colleagues, not patients.

Who counts physician assistants, and which counts can we use?

Three bodies count the PA profession nationally: the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA), the certifying board, which charges PAs certification fees; the American Academy of Physician Associates (AAPA), the PAs’ professional association, which sells memberships, conferences and a salary report; and the PA Education Association (PAEA), the association of PA programs, which runs the CASPA application service. NCCPA’s and AAPA’s own websites are not used on this page: both sites’ terms of use bar robots, scrapers or automated tools, and our research is collected with automated tools. NCCPA figures appear below only where NCCPA staff published them in peer-reviewed journals or where PAEA quoted them, and AAPA figures only where they appear in joint PAEA-AAPA releases. For employed PAs counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, see the jobs section below; a certified PA and an employed PA are not the same count.

How many PA programs are there?

The Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA), which accredits U.S. PA programs and charges them accreditation fees, listed 340 accredited entry-level PA programs when we read its site on November 10, 2026 (ARC-PA). The count includes programs with provisional accreditation and programs on probation. ARC-PA projects 412 accredited programs by 2032 (ARC-PA), 21.2% more than today (our calculation); the page gives no method for the projection. It also accredits 17 clinical postgraduate programs, the residencies and fellowships some PAs take after school (ARC-PA); that accreditation is voluntary, so most PA residencies are not on the list.

20 of the accredited entry-level programs are in Florida, by our count of ARC-PA’s state-by-state list (our calculation), including programs with provisional status and one on probation. That is 5.9% of the national total (our calculation). Another 41 institutions were on ARC-PA’s list of developing programs not yet accredited, none of them in Florida (our calculation).

PAEA’s membership shows the same growth over a longer run. 159 PA programs were PAEA members in 2011 (PAEA), and 284 were members in November 2021, when PAEA sent its Annual Program Survey (PAEA), a rise of 78.6% (our calculation). In that survey nearly 40% of responding programs reported vacant faculty positions (PAEA). PAEA membership and ARC-PA accreditation are different lists, so the two counts should not be subtracted from each other.

How many people apply to PA school?

34,625 people applied to PA programs through CASPA in the 2024-2025 cycle, by PAEA’s count (PAEA), up from 30,353 in 2020-2021 (PAEA), a rise of 14.1% (our calculation). 12,636 applicants enrolled (PAEA), equal to 36.5% of applicants (our calculation); that is not an acceptance rate, because some admitted applicants decline a seat. Applicants applied to 8.45 programs on average (PAEA). 301 programs took applications through CASPA in 2024-2025 (PAEA), against 268 in 2020-2021 (PAEA); programs outside CASPA are not in these counts.

Biology, health science and psychology majors made up 47.5% of the 2024-2025 applicant pool (PAEA). Applicants from groups underrepresented in medicine, as the Association of American Medical Colleges defines them, made up 25.5% (PAEA). Among students who started PA school in 2022, 27.4% identified as underrepresented in medicine, in PAEA’s Matriculating Student Survey (PAEA).

Why do students choose PA school, and which specialties do graduates want?

91.6% of students entering PA school in 2022 cited a desire to care for patients as a reason, in PAEA’s Matriculating Student Survey (PAEA). Among graduating students in PAEA’s 2022 End of Program Survey, 58.4% rated emergency medicine a desirable specialty (PAEA), the highest share; 50.1% rated primary care desirable (PAEA) and 47.3% family medicine (PAEA). Students could rate more than one specialty desirable. PAEA’s summary does not print how many students answered.

Paying for school became a legal fight in 2026. PAEA and AAPA sued the Department of Education in June 2026 over a rule that would have put PA students in a lower federal loan tier than other professional students. Their release says 76% of PA student borrowers in academic year 2023-24 borrowed beyond the lower tier’s annual cap, citing the Department’s own data without naming the dataset (PAEA and AAPA). A court paused the rule for PA students later that month; the rules section covers the law.

What do NCCPA’s data say about working PAs?

NCCPA asks every board-certified PA to update a profile, and its researchers publish analyses of those answers in journals. In its 2023 data, 4.1% of board-certified PAs were 65 or older, by a JAAPA study of the 149,909 PAs who updated their profile (Hooker et al., 2026) (JAAPA, Hooker et al.); 75.3% of those older PAs still worked clinically (JAAPA, Hooker et al.). 16.5% of PAs said they worked in family medicine in 2023 (Grubb et al., BMC Health Services Research, 2025) (BMC Health Services Research, Grubb et al.). Nearly 23% reported practising in a federally designated shortage area or medically underserved area in NCCPA’s 2022 data (Bruza-Augatis et al., 2024) (BMC Health Services Research, Bruza-Augatis et al.).

PAs move between specialties often: 40.3% changed specialty within their first 10 years of practice, among 121,947 PAs who answered in 2023 (BMC Health Services Research, Kozikowski et al.) (Kozikowski et al., BMC Health Services Research, 2024) (BMC Health Services Research, Kozikowski et al.). 71.7% said they were satisfied with their work-life balance (BMJ Open, Bruza-Augatis et al.), among the 86,000 PAs who answered that question in 2023 (Bruza-Augatis et al., BMJ Open, 2026) (BMJ Open, Bruza-Augatis et al.). In NCCPA’s 2020 data, quoted by PAEA, 11,676 certified PAs reported past or current military service (PAEA, citing NCCPA). All of these are self-reported answers from certified PAs, and NCCPA staff co-wrote the studies.

How many PAs provide telemedicine?

42.7% of board-certified PAs younger than 65 said they provided telemedicine services in 2023, and 44.5% of PAs 65 and older said so, in the JAAPA analysis of NCCPA’s 2023 data (Hooker et al., 2026) (JAAPA, Hooker et al.). Family medicine PAs reported it more often: 66.1% against 38.1% of PAs in other specialties (Grubb et al., BMC Health Services Research, 2025) (BMC Health Services Research, Grubb et al.). The question does not separate video visits from phone calls or patient messages, and it does not say how much of a PA’s work is remote, so these shares say who offers telemedicine at all, not how many visits are by video.

How many patient visits do PAs provide?

AAPA’s boilerplate in a June 3, 2026 joint release says PAs have more than 590 million patient interactions a year (PAEA and AAPA). A June 25, 2026 joint release says 500 million in its body (PAEA and AAPA) and repeats the 590 million line in the AAPA boilerplate at its foot. Neither figure comes with a source, a method or the year measured. We treat both as the associations’ claims, not measurements; the Medicare section below shows what one payer’s claims data count.

Are PAs now called physician associates?

AAPA’s House of Delegates voted in May 2021 to change the profession’s title to “physician associate.” By March 2025, 27 AAPA constituent organizations and several states had made progress toward adopting the new title, PAEA and AAPA reported (PAEA and AAPA). “Made progress” is the associations’ wording, not a count of completed name changes. The legal title in most state practice acts, Florida’s included, is still physician assistant, and some physician groups oppose the change; this page uses both terms as the sources do.

How many physician assistants are licensed in Florida?

Florida had 13,340 physician assistant licences held by people with a Florida address and in active status on June 30, 2026, the end of fiscal year 2025-26, by the Florida Department of Health’s count (Florida DOH). Counting out-of-state holders and inactive, delinquent, military and retired licences, the total was 17,358 (Florida DOH). 2,063 active licences belonged to people with an address outside Florida (Florida DOH), and 76.9% of all PA licences were in-state and active (our calculation). A licence is not a person practising: some licensees teach, manage or work part-time, and some do not practise at all.

In-state active PA licences grew 12.2% over those two fiscal years (our calculation), and licences in all statuses grew 13.5% (our calculation). The department received 1,711 initial PA licence applications in fiscal year 2025-26 (Florida DOH) and issued 17.0% more new PA licences that year than in 2023-24 (our calculation). Another 105 in-state active licences were temporary licences for PAs working in designated areas of critical need (Florida DOH). The annual report does not break PA licences down by county, so we found no public count of PAs in Palm Beach, Broward or Martin County; metro-area PA employment estimates from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, where published, are in the jobs section below.

The department received 1,715 complaints about physician assistants in fiscal year 2025-26 (Florida DOH), of which 54 were legally sufficient to investigate (Florida DOH). The year before it received 251 (Florida DOH). The report does not explain the jump; one event or one filer can produce many complaints, and a complaint is not a finding against a PA.

How many physician assistants bill Medicare?

CMS’s Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners file lists 112,514 providers of type Physician Assistant who billed Medicare Part B fee-for-service in 2024 (CMS), up 35.0% from 83,340 in 2019 (CMS) (our calculation). Over the same years the file’s Nurse Practitioner count rose 45.1%, from 140,050 (CMS) to 203,212 (CMS) (our calculation), so in 2024 the file lists 1.8 Nurse Practitioner providers for every Physician Assistant provider (our calculation). Physician assistants make up 8.7% of all provider rows in the 2024 file, up from 7.2% in 2019 (our calculations).

2024 is the newest year CMS has published. The file counts Part B fee-for-service claims only. Original Medicare covers mostly people 65 and older and people under 65 with long-term disabilities; Medicare Advantage plans, Medicaid, private insurance and self-pay patients are not in it, and providers with fewer than 11 Medicare patients are not listed. It counts physician assistants who bill original Medicare under their own billing number. A physician assistant who bills “incident to” a physician is paid under the physician’s number, so that work appears under the physician’s type, not here. CMS uses one type, Physician Assistant, for every PA: it does not separate surgical, dermatology, emergency or primary care PAs. A search of the provider-type field for “ssistant” finds only one other type, Anesthesiology Assistant, a different profession. The file also has no billing modifiers, so it cannot separate video visits from in-person ones. Nurse practitioners are shown as context; the nurse practitioner statistics page covers them in detail.

What happened to the count when Medicare began paying PAs directly in 2022?

The count rose in every year from 2019 to 2024, and its largest one-year rise came in 2022, the first year Medicare could pay physician assistants directly: 8.0%, from 91,922 in 2021 (CMS) to 99,273 in 2022 (CMS) (our calculation). The rise was 3.5% from 2019 to 2020, to 86,292 (CMS), the first pandemic year; 6.5% from 2020 to 2021; 6.3% from 2022 to 2023, to 105,478 (CMS); and 6.7% from 2023 to 2024 (our calculations).

These counts do not show that direct payment caused the rise. The file is keyed to the provider who rendered the service, not to who was paid, so a PA billing under their own number appears here both before 2022, when Medicare paid PA services only to the PA’s employer, and after. A provider enters the list by billing at least 11 original-Medicare patients under their own number and leaves it if patients move to Medicare Advantage, if billing shifts to “incident to” a physician, or if the provider stops billing Medicare. The count is a count of billing under PAs’ own numbers, not a head count of the profession; this page’s workforce section gives the BLS employment counts, and its rules section covers the payment rules.

How many physician assistants bill Medicare in Florida and in Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties?

CMS lists 6,755 Florida providers of type Physician Assistant billing Medicare Part B fee-for-service in 2024 (CMS), up 39.0% from 4,861 in 2019 (CMS) (our calculation). Florida holds 6.0% of the U.S. total in 2024 (our calculation). Medicare paid for $286,591,643 (286.6 million dollars) of services billed by Florida’s Physician Assistant providers in 2024 (our calculation).

By our match of CMS’s by Provider file to the Census Bureau’s ZIP-to-county relationship file, 430 Physician Assistant providers with a Palm Beach County practice address billed original Medicare in 2024, 451 in Broward County and 79 in Martin County. The three counties hold 14.2% of Florida’s 6,755 (our calculation).

A ZIP code split across counties goes to the county holding most of its land, so a practice in a border ZIP can count in the neighboring county. The practice address is the one the provider gives Medicare; a telehealth PA listed in one county may treat patients anywhere in the state. Martin County’s counts are small, so a few providers move its percentage a long way. The county counts and payment sums are in this page’s aggregate CSV, which holds no provider names or NPIs.

How much does Medicare pay for physician assistants’ services?

Medicare paid for $3,656,112,845 (3.66 billion dollars) of Part B fee-for-service services billed by providers of type Physician Assistant in 2024, against $2,034,897,480 (2.03 billion dollars) in 2019, a rise of 79.7% before inflation (our calculations from CMS’s by Provider files). The typical provider’s total is far smaller and did not grow: the median Physician Assistant provider had $12,626 in Medicare payments in 2024 and $12,789 in 2019, and treated 108 Medicare beneficiaries in 2024 against 127 in 2019 (half of the providers had or treated more, half less; our calculations). The median Nurse Practitioner provider received $13,301 in 2024 (our calculation, from the nurse practitioner page’s aggregate CSV).

The growth in the total sits at the top. The top 1% of Physician Assistant providers by payment accounted for 30.9% of the type’s payments in 2024, against 12.6% in 2019, and 191 Physician Assistant providers had more than $1 million each in 2024, against 15 in 2019 (our calculations). The by Provider file gives one payment total per provider and does not say which services, procedures, drugs or supplies make it up, so this page does not say what drove the rise at the top. The beneficiaries of Physician Assistant providers averaged 73.9 years of age in 2024, weighting each provider’s published average by that provider’s patients (our calculation; a patient seen by two providers counts twice). These totals are Medicare payments for services billed under PAs’ own numbers, which Medicare pays at a reduced share of the physician fee schedule rate for most services (see this page’s rules section); before 2022 the money went to the PA’s employer, and in every year these are not PAs’ earnings.

Which Medicare services do physician assistants bill?

CMS’s 2024 by Provider and Service file lists 56,654 Physician Assistant lines for an established-patient visit with a moderate level of decision making (CPT 99214) (CMS) out of 523,486 lines of every provider type (CMS), 10.8% (our calculation), and 58,197 lines (CMS) out of 473,425 (CMS) for the lower-level established-patient visit (CPT 99213), 12.3% (our calculation). A line is one provider, one code and one setting with 11 or more Medicare beneficiaries, so the share counts billing providers, not visits.

The largest shares in the table are for skin procedures: Physician Assistant providers hold 27.2% of the listed lines for a shave-type skin biopsy (CPT 11102) and 25.2% for destroying a precancerous skin lesion (CPT 17000), and 21.7% for a large-joint injection (CPT 20610) (our calculations). The file does not say which of these PAs work in dermatology or orthopedic practices. For the subsequent annual wellness visit, the yearly Medicare prevention-planning visit, PAs hold 7.7% of the lines (our calculation). Beneficiary counts in the last column cover every specialty, not physician assistants alone, and a patient seen in two settings counts on both rows. None of these counts separates video visits from in-person ones, the file does not show surgical-assist services apart from others, and services a physician assistant bills “incident to” a physician are counted under the physician.

How many physician assistants are employed in the U.S., and what do they earn?

The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated 162,150 wage and salary jobs for physician assistants (SOC 29-1071) in the U.S. in May 2025, in its Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey of employers (BLS). Their median annual wage was $135,880 (BLS), and their mean annual wage was $141,280 (BLS). Physician assistants have their own BLS occupation code, so the figures in this section are specific to PAs unless labelled otherwise. OEWS counts jobs that employers report. It leaves out PAs who own their practices and take profits rather than a wage, and it counts jobs, not certified or licensed PAs, so it is a different measure from the certification and licence counts in the profession section above.

The Occupational Outlook Handbook, which also counts the self-employed, puts physician assistants at about 168,900 U.S. jobs in 2025 (BLS). BLS’s Employment Projections put the self-employed share of those jobs at 1.4% in 2025 (BLS). None of the May 2025 PA wage figures the BLS data service returned was blank or carried a top-coding footnote. They cover wages and salaries only, not practice owners’ profits.

How do physician assistant numbers compare with nurse practitioners and physicians?

BLS estimated 1.99 U.S. wage and salary nurse practitioner jobs for every physician assistant job in May 2025 (our calculation). Nurse practitioners (SOC 29-1171), a separate occupation shown here only as context, held 323,040 U.S. wage and salary jobs (BLS), with a median annual wage of $132,300 (BLS). The PA median was $3,580 higher (our calculation). Physicians of all specialties (SOC 29-1210), also a separate group, held 754,760 wage and salary jobs (BLS), so there were 21.5 PA jobs for every 100 physician jobs (our calculation). Our nurse practitioner video statistics page covers NPs in full.

Where do physician assistants work?

Offices of physicians employed 53.5% of U.S. wage and salary physician assistants in May 2025, per BLS OEWS: 86,830 jobs (BLS) (our calculation). The Occupational Outlook Handbook, which counts the self-employed too, gives the same industry 53% of PA jobs in 2025 (BLS). General medical and surgical hospitals employed 40,850 wage and salary PAs (BLS), or 25.2% (our calculation). Outpatient care centers, which include freestanding surgical and emergency centers, employed 14,980 (BLS), or 9.2% (our calculation).

In May 2025, smaller employers included offices of other health practitioners (NAICS 6213, the industry group that holds PA-owned offices), with 2,870 wage and salary PA jobs (BLS), and employment services, which include staffing agencies, with 2,250 (BLS). BLS publishes these industry rows for the nation only.

Pay differs by employer. In May 2025 the median annual wage of PAs in outpatient care centers was $153,500 (BLS), $21,500 above the $132,000 median in offices of physicians (BLS) (our calculation). PAs placed through employment services had a May 2025 median of $158,310 (BLS). These medians come from smaller samples than the national figure, and the mix of specialties and hours in each industry differs.

How many physician assistants work in Florida and in the Miami and Port St. Lucie areas, and what do they earn?

BLS estimated 9,310 wage and salary physician assistant jobs in Florida in May 2025 (BLS), 5.7% of the U.S. total (our calculation). The Florida estimate has a relative standard error of 10.6% (BLS). Florida’s median annual wage for PAs was $129,620 (BLS), $6,260 below the U.S. median (our calculation). Its location quotient was 0.90 (BLS), meaning PAs made up a slightly smaller share of Florida’s wage and salary jobs than nationally.

The Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metro area, which holds Palm Beach and Broward counties, had 2,190 wage and salary PA jobs in May 2025 (BLS), 23.5% of Florida’s (our calculation). That estimate is rough, with a relative standard error of 23.6% (BLS). The area’s median annual wage was $132,360 (BLS), and its location quotient was 0.74 (BLS): PAs are a smaller share of jobs there than in the U.S. as a whole. BLS publishes no OEWS estimate for the Fort Lauderdale, Miami or West Palm Beach metropolitan divisions (its data service returned no data for them) or for any county.

The Port St. Lucie metro area, which holds Martin and St. Lucie counties, had 150 wage and salary PA jobs in May 2025 (BLS), with a relative standard error of 20.2% (BLS). Its median annual wage was $125,930 (BLS) and its location quotient 0.82 (BLS). BLS released every PA measure we requested for Florida and both metro areas; none was suppressed.

OEWS wage gaps between areas can reflect sampling error and the mix of employers, and BLS advises against comparing OEWS estimates across years.

How fast are physician assistant jobs expected to grow?

BLS projects physician assistant jobs to grow 21.1% from 2025 to 2035, the eleventh occupation on its list of the 30 fastest-growing occupations (BLS). All U.S. jobs are projected to grow 3.5% (BLS), so the PA rate is 6.0 times as fast (our calculation). Nurse practitioners, shown as context, top the same list at 41.0% (BLS).

The Occupational Outlook Handbook puts that at 204,600 U.S. PA jobs in 2035 (BLS), up from 168,900 in 2025. BLS expects about 11.5 thousand openings a year from 2025 to 2035, from growth and from replacing workers who leave the occupation (BLS). These projections count all PA jobs, including the self-employed. A projection is BLS’s estimate, not a count.

Has the projected growth for physician assistants changed between BLS editions?

Yes. In each of BLS’s last four Employment Projections editions, physician assistants made its list of the 30 fastest-growing occupations, but never at the top. The 2022-32 edition projected 26.5% growth, the eighth occupation on the list (BLS). The 2023-33 edition projected 28.5%, listed seventh and level with medical and health services managers at the same rate (BLS). The 2024-34 edition projected 20.4%, tenth (BLS), and the 2025-35 edition 21.1%, eleventh. The projected rate fell 7.4 percentage points between the 2023-33 and 2025-35 editions (our calculation). Each edition starts from a different base year, so the editions are separate forecasts, not a series.

Is there an industry count of physician assistant practices?

No. The 2022 North American Industry Classification System index puts physicians’ assistants’ offices in NAICS 621399, offices of all other miscellaneous health practitioners (Census), a code they share with nurse practitioners’, dietitians’, midwives’ and other practitioners’ offices. BLS’s QCEW averaged 43,733 private establishments with employees in that shared code in 2025 (BLS), and Census counted 259,850 businesses with no paid staff in it in 2024 (Census). Neither figure isolates PA practices. Most PAs work in physicians’ practices instead, so the rest of this section counts offices of physicians (NAICS 621111), a code PAs share with the physicians they work with: these are all physician offices except mental health specialists, not PA practices alone. Our family medicine video statistics page carries the same shared figures.

How many physician offices are there in the U.S.?

BLS’s Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which counts employers covered by unemployment insurance, averaged 226,698 private offices of physicians in the U.S. in 2025 (BLS). Those offices averaged 2.9 million jobs (2,904,306) in 2025 (BLS), counting all staff and not only physicians and PAs, and average annual pay was $116,597 (BLS). These are all physician offices except mental health specialists, not PA practices alone.

The Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns counted 204,617 U.S. employer offices of physicians in 2023, the newest year available when we checked (Census). Census’s Nonemployer Statistics counted 190,427 U.S. physician-office businesses with no paid staff in 2024 (Census). Those two counts cover different years and different kinds of business, so we do not add them. A nonemployer is any business with no paid employees, which can include part-time or side income, so that count is not a count of full-time practices.

How has the number of physician offices changed since 1998?

County Business Patterns counted 184,949 U.S. employer offices of physicians in 1998, the first year it used the NAICS industry codes (Census), and 204,617 in 2023: a rise of 10.6% (our calculation). The count was 210,629 in 2018 (Census) and fell 2.9% from 2018 to 2023 (our calculation).

Florida’s count grew faster: from 14,128 employer offices of physicians in 1998 (Census) to 19,994 in 2023 (Census), up 41.5% (our calculation). These are counts of all physician offices except mental health specialists, not PA practices. Census does not adjust them for changes in its methods over the period, and they leave out offices with no paid staff.

How many physician offices are there in Florida and in Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties?

Florida averaged 21,918 private offices of physicians (NAICS 621111) in 2025, per BLS’s QCEW (BLS), 9.7% of the 2025 U.S. total (our calculation). Together Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties averaged 4,556 private offices of physicians in 2025, 20.8% of Florida’s total (our calculation from QCEW annual averages). These are all physician offices except mental health specialists, a code PAs share with the physicians they work with, not PA practices alone.

The two columns count different kinds of business in different years and are not added. Neither BLS nor Census publishes a county count of PA practices, and OEWS publishes no county estimate of PA jobs.

How many physician offices earn money from telemedicine?

86,466 U.S. employer offices of physicians (NAICS 621111) reported some revenue from telemedicine services in 2022, per the 2022 Economic Census (Census): 42.9% of the 201,360 such offices it counted (Census) (our calculation). The table counts offices with any telemedicine revenue. It does not say how much of their revenue came from it, does not separate video from audio-only care, does not say who delivered the visits, and covers all physician offices except mental health specialists, not PA practices alone.

How much do physician offices spend on advertising?

U.S. offices of physicians (NAICS 6211) spent $1.8 billion ($1,815,721 thousand) on advertising and promotion in 2024, per the Census Bureau’s Annual Integrated Economic Survey (Census). That was 0.28% of their total 2024 operating expenses (our calculation). It is a sample estimate, published only for the four-digit industry, so it covers all physician offices, including mental health specialists, not PA practices alone. The survey does not split advertising by medium, so it says nothing about spending on video.

What do telehealth, urgent care and retail-clinic companies tell investors about physician assistants?

Public companies that sell telehealth, urgent care and clinic visits name physician assistants as part of their clinical workforce, but none of the companies we read gives a count of them: CVS Health's fiscal 2025 Form 10-K says its more than 800 MinuteClinic locations are staffed by nurse practitioners and physician assistants (CVS 10-K). Every company below sells the care it describes, so each figure is the company's own count, not an independent one. We read each company's newest Form 10-K on SEC EDGAR, plus older reports for trends. We found no dermatology or other specialty practice group that files a 10-K naming physician assistants; those groups are mostly privately owned and file nothing with the SEC.

Video and virtual visits. Hims & Hers says its customers reach physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners and behavioral health providers for telehealth consultations by video, phone and/or store-and-forward technology (Hims & Hers fiscal 2025 10-K); store-and-forward means a clinician reviews information the patient sends in, without a live call. Its fiscal 2025 report uses the phrase “physician assistant” 11 times, far more often than the word “video” (our calculation). Teladoc says its members conduct a visit via video or phone (Teladoc fiscal 2025 10-K). Privia says its providers conduct virtual visits via video, phone or the internet (Privia fiscal 2025 10-K) and that its patients had completed over 4.7 million virtual visits by December 31, 2025, a running total (Privia fiscal 2025 10-K); its other revenue, which includes virtual visits, scribes and coding, was 0.4% of total revenue in fiscal 2025 (Privia 10-K). Concentra says employees have used Concentra Telemed since its launch to reach its affiliated clinicians using video technology (Concentra fiscal 2025 10-K), while its centers handled approximately 13.5 million patient visits in 2025 (Concentra 10-K). CVS Health says MinuteClinic also offers virtual care services that connect customers with licensed providers remotely (CVS fiscal 2025 10-K). None of these figures is split by clinician type, so none counts physician assistants' visits alone.

Growth and shrinkage. Privia's Implemented Providers, physicians, physician assistants and nurse practitioners combined, rose 25.0% from the end of fiscal 2023 to the end of fiscal 2025 (our calculation). CVS Health ran approximately 1,100 MinuteClinic locations at the end of fiscal 2020 (CVS 10-K), more than 1,000 at the end of fiscal 2023 (CVS 10-K), more than 900 at the end of fiscal 2024 (CVS 10-K) and more than 800 at the end of fiscal 2025: about 300 fewer in five years, using CVS Health's own rounded figures (our calculation). The Oncology Institute reports a 4.1% decrease in clinical payroll costs in fiscal 2025, which it ties to adjusting physician pay and to increased use of advanced practice providers for “a more efficient labor mix” (TOI fiscal 2025 10-K).

State supervision laws as a risk factor. Hims & Hers says many states limit how far nurse practitioners and physician assistants can practise independently and require physician supervision or collaboration (Hims & Hers fiscal 2025 10-K), and it lists greater restrictions on asynchronous telehealth or on remote supervision of nurse practitioners or physician assistants among the rule changes that could hurt its business (Hims & Hers 10-K). LifeMD lists rules that limit physicians' ability to supervise nurse practitioners and physician assistants remotely (LifeMD fiscal 2025 10-K). CVS Health says states regulate retail clinics run by nurse practitioners or physician assistants through physician oversight, clinic and lab licensing and the ban on the corporate practice of medicine (CVS fiscal 2025 10-K), and lists recruiting and keeping physicians, physician assistants and nurse practitioners as a risk for its value-based primary care business (CVS 10-K). Teladoc says its affiliated practices would be hurt if they could not recruit and retain board-certified physicians, advanced practice providers and mental health providers (Teladoc fiscal 2025 10-K). In its fiscal 2021 report, One Medical listed federal and state laws on nurse practitioners and physician assistants, including physician supervision requirements, among the laws it is subject to (1Life 10-K). Our nurse practitioner statistics cover the same companies from the nurse practitioner side.

Marketing and video. Hims & Hers says its brands keep Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and TikTok accounts and work with many social media influencers (Hims & Hers fiscal 2025 10-K); its customer acquisition costs include advertising in digital media, social media, television, radio and out-of-home media, and exclude content production costs (Hims & Hers 10-K). LifeMD lists social media, search, email, text messages and influencers among its marketing channels (LifeMD fiscal 2025 10-K). KindlyMD, a Utah clinic group whose founder and chief executive earned a Master's Degree in Physician Assistant Studies in 2014 (KindlyMD fiscal 2024 10-K), listed posting videos on YouTube first among its marketing techniques in fiscal 2024 (KindlyMD fiscal 2024 10-K) and reported 24,200 YouTube subscribers who had opted in to its education and marketing communication (KindlyMD fiscal 2024 10-K). Its fiscal 2025 report, filed after the company renamed itself Nakamoto Inc., still names YouTube videos among its techniques but no longer gives a subscriber count. Of the 7 filings from 2025 that pair a physician assistant phrase with “YouTube”, it is the only one from a practice founded by a physician assistant. Amazon bought One Medical on February 22, 2023 for about $3.5 billion in cash, net of cash acquired (Amazon fiscal 2025 10-K); Amazon's fiscal 2025 report does not use the phrase “physician assistant”, the only one of the companies' newest reports we read without it (1 report, our calculation).

How often do annual reports to the SEC mention physician assistants?

454 Form 10-K annual reports filed in 2025 contained the phrase “physician assistant(s)” or “physician associate(s)”, by our count with SEC EDGAR full-text search (our calculation). From 2001 to 2025 the total was 3,041 filings from 874 companies and other registrants. The yearly count was 14 in 2001 and 38 in 2018, more than doubled to 84 in 2019, and peaked at 505 in 2022; it stood at 454 in 2025, and 415 more were filed in 2026 through November 10, the day we ran the search. The plural “physician assistants” appears in 447 of the 2025 filings. Private practices file nothing with the SEC, so they are not in the count.

Most of the rise comes from drug and device makers, not from companies that employ physician assistants. 334 of the 2025 filings came from drug and biotech companies, and 89.2% of all 2025 filings with the phrase also contained the word “Sunshine”, against 9 filings in 2018 (our calculation). Amicus Therapeutics' fiscal 2024 report gives the reason in a typical passage: beginning in 2022, drug and device makers must report payments and transfers of value to physician assistants, nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certified nurse anesthetists and certified nurse-midwives under the federal Open Payments program, known as the Sunshine Act (Amicus 10-K).

The new title has barely reached SEC filings. “Physician associate” or “physician associates”, the title the profession's association now uses, appears in only 3 of the 454 filings from 2025 (our calculation). Of the filings from 2025 and 2026 to date that use it, 2 use it as the PA title, both from KindlyMD describing Utah law, which lets physicians, advanced practice registered nurses and Physician Associates licensed to prescribe a controlled substance recommend medical cannabis (KindlyMD fiscal 2024 10-K); the others are hospital companies' subsidiaries named “Physician Associates”.

Video is rare in these filings. 65 of the 2025 filings with a physician assistant or physician associate phrase also contained “video” or “videos”; from 2001 to 2025 the share was 13.7% (our calculation). “Telehealth” appeared beside one of the phrases in a peak of 54 filings in 2024, and 7 filings from 2025 pair a phrase with “YouTube”.

We read the passages around the word in all 65 Form 10-K filings filed in 2025 that contain one of the phrases and “video” or “videos”, and put each in one class (our calculation):

• Telehealth or video visits: 9, among them Hims & Hers, Teladoc, Privia, Concentra and Doximity.
• Marketing or patient-facing video: 12, most of them medical device makers describing patient education videos, testimonial videos or online video ads, plus KindlyMD's YouTube videos.
• Clinical devices, studies or treatments: 11, such as surgical video, a video baby monitor or a video-timed trial endpoint.
• Training videos for clinicians, sales staff or employees: 4.
• Unrelated uses: 29, such as the Video Privacy Protection Act, employee video communications, video games or broadcasting.

46 of those 65 filings also contain “Sunshine”. The search counts exact phrases only, so “PA”, “PA-C”, “advanced practice provider” and “non-physician practitioner” are not counted, and a filing that pairs “physician assistant” with “video” need not link the two. Filing year 2025 mostly means fiscal 2024 reports. The yearly counts, sector splits, filer names and query links are in our counts file, and the class of every filing we read is in our contexts file.

What rules apply to physician assistants’ videos and video visits?

In Florida, one physician may supervise no more than 10 currently licensed physician assistants at a time, under s. 458.347(3) of the Florida Statutes as read on November 10, 2026 (Florida Statutes). Medicare pays for a PA’s services at 85 percent of the physician fee schedule amount (42 CFR 414.52), and since services furnished on January 1, 2022 it can pay the PA directly instead of only the PA’s employer (Public Law 116-260). Each rule below is dated and quoted from its own text: Florida’s PA statutes and the Boards’ PA rules, Florida’s telehealth and advertising statutes, Medicare’s PA payment and coverage rules, the federal telehealth and tele-prescribing extensions, HIPAA, the FTC’s Endorsement Guides and YouTube’s health policies. This is a summary of what the texts say, not legal advice, and it takes no side in the scope-of-practice or “physician associate” title debate. Florida statutes were read on Online Sunshine and the Board rules on flrules.org on November 10, 2026; federal rules on eCFR, GovInfo and the Federal Register the same day.

How does Florida define supervision of a physician assistant?

Florida’s PA statute defines supervision as responsible supervision and control that, outside emergencies, needs the easy availability or physical presence of the physician; easy availability includes the ability to communicate by telecommunication (s. 458.347(2)(g)). The supervising physician may not be required to review and cosign the PA’s charts or medical records (s. 458.347(3)). The Boards’ rule 64B8-30.001, amended August 19, 2025, splits supervision in two: direct supervision means the physician is on the premises, and indirect supervision means easy availability, including by telecommunications, with the physician within reasonable physical proximity (Florida Administrative Code). The osteopathic statute, s. 459.022(3), sets the same limit of 10 PAs per physician (Florida Statutes).

The limit was four until 2021. Chapter 2021-204, Laws of Florida (CS/CS/HB 431), struck “four” and wrote in 10 (Laws of Florida). The same law let PAs bill for and receive direct payment for their services (s. 458.347(4)(k)) and dropped the rule that a PA tell patients they have the right to see a physician before the PA prescribes (Laws of Florida). It took effect July 1, 2021 (Laws of Florida). As read November 10, 2026, the statute’s history note ends with chapter 2023-274, so no 2024, 2025 or 2026 law had changed it (Florida Statutes). That 2023 law made the master’s-degree rule turn on when an applicant matriculated: anyone who matriculated after December 31, 2020 needs a master’s degree from an approved program (s. 458.347(6)(a)).

What may a Florida physician assistant prescribe?

A supervising physician may delegate prescribing of any medicine used in the physician’s practice, except drugs on the PA formulary. As read November 10, 2026, s. 458.347 and the Boards’ formulary rule set these limits:

A Florida PA may also sign documents a physician may sign, such as do-not-resuscitate orders, death certificates and school physical examinations, but not medical marijuana certifications (s. 458.347(4)(i)). For federal purposes, DEA’s regulations list physician assistants authorized by their state to dispense controlled substances among its “mid-level practitioners” (21 CFR 1300.01).

What do Florida’s rules say about PA ads, titles and videos?

The Boards’ PA advertising rule, 64B8-30.011, requires a physician assistant’s advertisements to disclose the name of the PA’s primary supervising physician (Florida Administrative Code). A PA may not claim any specialty board certification, and only PAs certified by NCCPA (the certifying board, which charges certification fees) may claim certification and write “PA-C” after their name (Florida Administrative Code). The rule dates from 2003; its history note shows its latest amendment as 6-22-26, June 22, 2026 (Florida Administrative Code). A separate rule, 64B8-30.0111, lets a PA meet the duty to identify the licence by a name tag, clothing, saying so at the first in-person contact, a business card, or a lobby notice with the PA’s photo (Florida Administrative Code). Neither rule mentions video.

Section 456.072(1)(t), which covers every health profession the Department of Health regulates, says any advertisement for health care services that names a practitioner must identify the type of license the practitioner holds (Florida Statutes). A person who is not licensed and holds themselves out as a physician assistant commits a third-degree felony, with a fine of up to $5,000 among the penalties (s. 458.347(10)).

What does Florida’s telehealth law say about PA video visits?

Florida’s telehealth statute, s. 456.47, counts anyone licensed under chapter 458 or chapter 459, the chapters that license PAs as well as physicians, as a telehealth provider (Florida Statutes). As read November 10, 2026, it defines telehealth as the use of synchronous or asynchronous telecommunications technology to provide health care services, not including e-mail or fax (Florida Statutes). A provider whose remote evaluation is enough to diagnose and treat does not have to do a physical examination first (Florida Statutes). Telehealth records, including video, audio, electronic or other records, are confidential (Florida Statutes). A telehealth provider may not prescribe a Schedule II controlled substance by telehealth except to treat a psychiatric disorder, for inpatient hospital treatment, for hospice patients or for nursing home residents (Florida Statutes). The same statute is covered on our nurse practitioner video statistics page.

How does Medicare pay physician assistants since direct payment began?

Under 42 CFR 414.52(d), as read November 10, 2026, Medicare pays for a PA’s services furnished since January 1, 1998 at 85 percent of the physician fee schedule amount; for assistant-at-surgery services, at 85 percent of what a physician would be allowed for the same assistant-at-surgery service (eCFR). CMS’s CY 2022 fee schedule final rule says Part B pays 80 percent of the lesser of the actual charge or that 85 percent amount, and that section 403 changed neither the percentage nor the physician-supervision requirement (Federal Register).

Section 403 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260, approved December 27, 2020) limited Medicare’s pay-the-employer rule for PA services to services furnished before January 1, 2022 (GovInfo). CMS’s final rule of November 19, 2021 says that from January 1, 2022 PAs may bill Medicare and be paid directly, as nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists are (Federal Register). PAs may also reassign their payment rights and incorporate as a group made up only of practitioners in their specialty (Federal Register). The coverage rule, 42 CFR 410.74, now limits the employer-billing condition to services furnished Prior to January 1, 2022 and takes the required supervision from each state’s scope-of-practice law (42 CFR 410.74). PA services billed “incident to” a physician are paid under the physician and do not appear as PA claims in Medicare data.

How long do Medicare’s telehealth and DEA’s tele-prescribing flexibilities last?

Section 6209 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 (Public Law 119-75, approved February 3, 2026) extended Medicare’s telehealth flexibilities, including the patient’s home as an originating site, to the period ending December 31, 2027 (GovInfo). The full run of extensions is on our family medicine video statistics page.

For controlled substances, the Drug Enforcement Administration and HHS extended their COVID-19 telemedicine prescribing flexibilities a fourth time, through December 31, 2026 (Federal Register). Under that temporary rule, DEA-registered practitioners, PAs among them where their state allows, may prescribe Schedule II-V controlled substances by audio-video telemedicine without an in-person evaluation (Federal Register). In Florida, the state’s own telehealth Schedule II limit above still applies.

What do HIPAA and the FTC say about patients in PA marketing videos?

A HIPAA covered practice that bills electronically must obtain an authorization from the patient before using their health information for marketing, except face-to-face communications and promotional gifts of nominal value (45 CFR 164.508). HIPAA’s de-identification standard lists full face photographic images among the identifiers that must be removed, so a recognizable patient in a video is identifiable health information (45 CFR 164.514). Both were read on eCFR on November 10, 2026.

The FTC’s revised Endorsement Guides took effect July 26, 2023 and treat a patient testimonial in an ad as an endorsement (Federal Register). If an advertiser cannot show that a patient’s result is typical, the ad should clearly disclose the generally expected performance (16 CFR 255.2). In a video, a disclosure should appear in both the visual and audible portions (16 CFR 255). The Guides’ own example of a doctor endorsing a drug on weak evidence concludes that both the advertiser and the doctor would be liable (16 CFR 255.3). The example names a doctor, not a PA.

Can a physician assistant become a YouTube health source?

YouTube’s health-source program, as read November 10, 2026, lists five eligible licensed professions, starting with Licensed Doctor and licensed or registered nurse; physician assistants are not named (YouTube Help). The page says some professions may not be eligible in some countries and points to each country’s application form, which we did not see. The channel needs more than 1,500 valid public watch hours in the last 12 months, or 1.5 million valid public Shorts views in the past 90 days (YouTube Help). Licence checks are coordinated by LegitScript, a third-party partner. YouTube says some health videos carry an information panel underneath giving context on the source (YouTube Help). Separately, YouTube’s medical misinformation policy bars content that poses a serious risk of egregious harm by contradicting local health authority (LHA) guidance about specific health conditions and substances (YouTube Help).

What do the popular physician assistant numbers really say?

Three claims travel through PA school pages, career articles and marketing guides: that PAs can do about 80% of what a primary care physician does, that physician assistant is the best job in America, and that video lifts conversions by 80%. We read each at its source and say below what that source measured. Pages that repeat a number are linked only as dated evidence of how it spread, never as a source for the number.

“PAs can do about 80% of what a primary care doctor does”

The figure is an old estimate of what PAs could be trained to handle, not a measurement of what they do. The earliest dated form of the wording we found is a November 30, 1999 column in The Newtown Bee, a Connecticut weekly, by a physician assistant at Danbury Hospital, which said PAs are qualified to perform approximately 80 percent of the duties most commonly done by primary care physicians (Newtown Bee), with no source named. Boston University’s PA program, a school that sells PA education, still says it is estimated that a PA performs about 80% of duties traditionally limited to physicians, again without a source (Boston University). A licensed medical encyclopedia on a U.S. government health site has carried the same 80% wording since at least 2001, crediting only “numerous studies”; its terms bar AI use, so we do not quote it.

The older literature gives ranges, not one number, and counts NPs and PAs together. The U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), in its December 1986 policy analysis, cited a May 1983 Arthur D. Little working paper by Hausner and others concluding that 60 to 80 percent of the tasks normally performed by primary care physicians can be provided by NPs and PAs without consultation (OTA, archived). The same page cited Record and others (1980) for the estimate that NPs and PAs can substitute for physicians in providing 50 to 75 percent of all primary care services (OTA, archived), and 90 percent of pediatric care (OTA, archived). Record’s paper, in the Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, was a literature review; its abstract says only that these new practitioners appear to perform “a large percentage” of primary care services and that knowledge about them is far from conclusive (J Health Polit Policy Law, Record et al., PubMed). In 1991 Hooker and Freeborn, writing from Kaiser Permanente Northwest, an HMO that was among the first to employ PAs, said PAs are capable of providing care for 86 percent of the diagnoses seen in outpatient primary care (Public Health Reports, Hooker and Freeborn, PubMed). All of these measure capability. The 1983 working paper is not online, so we could not see how its range was built.

Studies that counted actual work found a smaller share. In a 1984 Medical Care study of 2,456 office encounters in Florida primary care private practices that employed PAs (Medical Care, Crandall et al., PubMed), about 35% of patient services were performed solely by PAs, with the rest done by physicians alone or by both (Crandall et al.). In a 1979 study of Iowa primary care practices that employed PAs, the physicians also saw 13.6 percent of the patients seen by PAs whose visits were tracked (Public Health Reports, Ekwo et al., PubMed). On quality, the 1986 OTA report found that “the weight of the evidence” showed NPs, PAs and certified nurse-midwives giving care of equivalent quality to physicians within their areas of competence (OTA, archived), but said many studies were methodologically flawed and almost none examined care given without physician involvement (OTA, archived).

Use instead: “In 1986 the Office of Technology Assessment cited estimates that NPs and PAs could provide 50 to 75 percent of primary care services; in one 1984 Florida study, PAs alone performed about 35% of services in practices that employed them.” Say “could” for the estimates, and name the study and year for anything measured.

“Physician assistant is the best job in America”

It was true in one year of one magazine’s ranking. U.S. News & World Report’s Best Jobs list ranked physician assistant the #1 best job for 2021, as Hardin-Simmons University, which runs a PA program, reported in February 2021 (Hardin-Simmons University). In the 2023 list PA was No. 4 overall (University of Kentucky) and No. 2 among health care jobs (University of Kentucky); in 2025 it was No. 3 overall (Salus at Drexel University); and in the 2026 list, released January 13, 2026, it was No. 5 (U.S. News release, reprinted by AZ Big Media), while nurse practitioner held first place for the third year in a row (U.S. News release, reprinted). U.S. News’s own pages bar AI agents, so we read each year through a university page or a reprint of its release and did not read its full method page.

The ranking is a score, not a survey of PAs. U.S. News’s 2025 Best Jobs release says it uses Bureau of Labor Statistics data to find the jobs with the greatest hiring demand and then scores them on five component measures: future prospects, wage potential, employment, job safety and stability, and work-life balance (U.S. News release, reprinted). The University of Kentucky’s 2023 summary lists the inputs U.S. News named that year: median salary, unemployment rate, 10-year growth in volume and percentage, future job prospects, stress level and work-life balance (University of Kentucky). The BLS projections behind it are in the workforce section of this page. The idea is older than the magazine’s list, which began in 2012: the 1999 Newtown Bee column already said that according to the Department of Labor, PAs hold one of the top 10 jobs in the United States (Newtown Bee), without naming the Labor Department document.

Use instead: “U.S. News ranked physician assistant No. 5 in its 2026 Best Jobs list.” Give the year and the publisher; “best job” is a magazine score built mostly from BLS pay and growth data, not a measure of job satisfaction among PAs.

“Video lifts conversions 80%”

The figure is a best case from one video vendor, EyeView, about a client website, not health care. In February 2009 EyeView’s blog said viewers of its videos for one client, UMOO, were 80% more likely to become depositing users, comparing viewers with non-viewers (EyeView, archived), which does not test what adding a video does. By August 2010 Unbounce, a landing-page software seller, wrote that a study by eyeviewdigital.com showed video on landing pages can increase conversion by 80% (Unbounce, archived). Healthcare marketing carried it on with other names attached: a March 2018 Practice Builders guide for healthcare practices credits Hyperfine Media, a video agency, for landing-page video lifting conversion rates by 80 percent (Practice Builders), and a July 2026 Web Tonic page for health and wellness brands says video on healthcare landing pages lifts conversions by up to 80%, crediting WifiTalents, a statistics aggregator (Web Tonic). Both firms sell marketing.

The larger later evidence points the other way. Unbounce’s own 2021 analysis of about 35,000 customer landing pages in each of three periods (Unbounce) concluded that video appears to have a minimal or negative impact on landing-page performance (Unbounce). Its April 2025 article of landing-page examples still says landing pages with video can increase conversions by 80% (Unbounce). We found no conversion test by a PA practice. Use instead: “Unbounce’s 2021 study of about 35,000 landing pages per period found video had a minimal or negative effect; we found no conversion test by a physician assistant practice.”

Every popular claim our research pages trace, 897 in all, is on one page: popular video statistics, fact-checked.

How we built this page

We started from the questions people search for about physician assistant video statistics and looked for the organization that actually produced each answer. Every figure on this page sits in an evidence ledger with its source, the exact table or paragraph it came from, the measurement period, the population measured, and the date we checked it. This edition holds 488 figures from 69 publishers.

On November 10, 2026, each sourced figure on this page was re-fetched with the fetch cache cleared and matched against the recorded wording: BLS occupation wage estimates and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (through the BLS data API and data files) and Employment Projections and Occupational Outlook pages (through Internet Archive copies, because bls.gov refuses automated requests); Census County Business Patterns and Nonemployer Statistics (through the Census data API); Medicare Part B figures through data.cms.gov, within its stated crawl delay; the PA Education Association’s and ARC-PA’s own reports and program lists; the Florida Department of Health’s licensure annual reports; the Florida Statutes, Florida Administrative Code, Laws of Florida, eCFR, GovInfo and the Federal Register; YouTube Help pages; SEC filings on EDGAR; and journal abstracts (PubMed records re-read through NCBI’s E-utilities, because the pages answer scripts with a bot check). Our YouTube figures come from the YouTube Data API, our Medicare totals from CMS’s public files, and our filing counts from EDGAR full-text search. We left out sources whose robots rules bar AI agents, among them U.S. News & World Report and data.hrsa.gov, and read Health Affairs, JAMA and Annals of Internal Medicine papers only through their PubMed abstracts. We left out sources whose own terms bar automated collection or AI use: the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants and the American Academy of Physician Associates (their site terms bar robots, scrapers and data mining), PR Newswire, and MedlinePlus’s licensed encyclopedia article. NCCPA figures appear only as quoted in peer-reviewed studies and PAEA reports, and AAPA figures only as quoted in a joint PAEA-AAPA release. Florida publishes no county counts of physician assistant licences, so our county counts come from Medicare’s file. Medical subject matter is reported as each source states it. Nothing here is medical advice.

We only cite the producer: government agencies, regulators, company filings and official posts, and the survey owner's own report. We do not cite statistics roundups, Statista-style aggregators, or salary sites without a public method. We did not bypass paywalls or sign-up forms; where a full report was gated, we used only the figures its publisher states publicly.

Figures marked "our calculation" are arithmetic on the cited numbers, and anyone can reproduce them:

This edition contains no Mark Studios customer data.

Limitations

• No single count of physician assistants exists. NCCPA counts certified PAs, BLS counts wage and salary jobs (its Occupational Outlook Handbook adds the self-employed), CMS counts providers who billed original Medicare under the ‘Physician Assistant’ type, and Florida counts PA licences, including holders who live out of state. They differ, and we print them side by side rather than choose one.
• Medicare is one slice of PA work. Original Medicare covers mostly people 65 and older and people with disabilities. The Part B file has no Medicare Advantage, no Medicaid and no private insurance, drops providers with fewer than 11 patients, cannot separate video visits from office visits, and has one ‘Physician Assistant’ type for every specialty. PAs who bill “incident to” a physician appear under the physician. Payment comparisons are before inflation, and the file cannot show what drove the rise in the largest PA payment totals.
• BLS has no PA figures below the metro level. OEWS publishes no West Palm Beach or Fort Lauderdale division series and no county figures, and its Miami-area job estimate has a 23.6% relative standard error. NAICS 621111 counts offices of physicians, which PAs share with the physicians they work with, and the NAICS index puts physician assistants’ own offices in 621399, a code shared with many other professions.
• The associations are interested parties. AAPA is the PAs’ professional association, NCCPA is the certifying board that charges certification fees, and PAEA represents PA programs. Their counts and claims are their own; AAPA’s patient-interaction claim has no published method and appears as both 500 million and 590 million in one release.
• Studies differ in design and side. PA-versus-physician studies use different populations (veterans, Medicare, one health system), periods and outcomes, many pool PAs with nurse practitioners, and some authors work for PA organizations. We report what each study measured and promise nothing about any clinician, test, treatment or practice.
• Our YouTube read follows YouTube’s ranking. The 446 videos are what YouTube’s search returned for three terms (the top 200 results of each, sorted by views, with no country filter) on November 10, 2026. It is not a census of PA video. View counts are lifetime snapshots, and we sorted 295 channels by hand from their public text; licences were not checked. Students’ personal vlogs, patient stories and children are published only as a class and counts, so some views cannot be recomputed from the public CSV.
• Filings count words. EDGAR full-text search finds a phrase, not a topic, and since 2022 much of the rise comes from Sunshine Act boilerplate. We read the passages around the word only in the 65 filings from 2025 that also mention video.
• Rules are dated. Statutes and rules are reported as we read them on November 10, 2026. Medicare’s telehealth flexibilities run through December 31, 2027 and DEA’s telemedicine prescribing flexibilities through December 31, 2026 unless extended again. This is not legal advice. Every “earliest we found” in the origins section rests on web pages, PubMed and the Internet Archive; newspaper databases were not searched, and U.S. News’s own pages were not read because its robots rules bar AI agents.

How to cite this page

For a single figure, cite the original publisher named next to it, and link here if the verification trail is useful to your readers. Each figure has its own anchor, so you can link straight to it, for example https://www.markstudios.com/research/physician-assistant-video-statistics#DRV-001. To cite the page as a whole:

Mark Studios. "Physician Assistant Video Statistics." Last verified Nov 10, 2026. https://www.markstudios.com/research/physician-assistant-video-statistics

@misc{markstudios_physician_assistant_video_statistics_2026,
  author = {{Mark Studios}},
  title = {{Physician Assistant Video Statistics}},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  url = {https://www.markstudios.com/research/physician-assistant-video-statistics},
  note = {Last verified 2026-11-10}
}

Our calculations and the evidence table are free to reuse with attribution and a link to this page. Each underlying figure remains the claim of its original publisher, and some publishers ask for a link when their figures are reused.

Sources

Download the evidence table (CSV)

1. Annals of Internal Medicine (Jackson et al.), Intermediate Diabetes Outcomes in Patients Managed by Physicians, Nurse Practitioners, or Physician Assistants: A Cohort Study. (2018-11-20). Accessed 2026-11-10.
2. Health Affairs (Morgan et al.), Impact Of Physicians, Nurse Practitioners, And Physician Assistants On Utilization And Costs For Complex Patients. (2019-06-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
3. The BMJ (Cooper et al.), Impact of physician assistants on quality of care: rapid review. (2025-07-03). Accessed 2026-11-10.
4. PLOS ONE (van den Brink et al.), The cost-effectiveness of physician assistants/associates: A systematic review of international evidence. (2021-11-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
5. BMJ Open (Halter et al.), Contribution of physician assistants/associates to secondary care: a systematic review. (2018-06-19). Accessed 2026-11-10.
6. American Journal of Medical Quality (Gettel et al.), Physician Composition of Hospitals' Workforce and Mortality Across US Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. (2026-09-29). Accessed 2026-11-10.
7. JAAPA (Moore), Comparing physicians and PAs as solo providers in a rural ED: A pilot study. (2021-07-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
8. JAMA Dermatology (Anderson et al.), Accuracy of Skin Cancer Diagnosis by Physician Assistants Compared With Dermatologists in a Large Health Care System. (2018-05-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
9. Dermatologic Surgery (Aggarwal et al.), Advanced Practice Providers and Western Providers Are Associated With Increased Likelihood of Benign Skin Biopsies: A Cross-sectional Analysis. (2024-12-04). Accessed 2026-11-10.
10. JAMA Dermatology (Mohr et al.), Trends Over Time in Medicare for Advanced Practice Clinicians in Dermatology, 2013-2020. (2023-08-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
11. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (Qi et al.), Analysis of dermatologic procedures billed independently by nonphysician practitioners in the United States. (2018-09-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
12. Archives of Dermatological Research (Griffith et al.), Characteristics of physician associates/assistants in dermatology. (2023-03-13). Accessed 2026-11-10.
13. Pharmacotherapy (Jiao et al.), Quality of Prescribing by Physicians, Nurse Practitioners, and Physician Assistants in the United States. (2018-03-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
14. Pain Medicine (Ellenbogen and Segal), Differences in Opioid Prescribing Among Generalist Physicians, Nurse Practitioners, and Physician Assistants. (2020-01-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
15. Journal of General Internal Medicine (Lozada et al.), Opioid Prescribing by Primary Care Providers: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of Nurse Practitioner, Physician Assistant, and Physician Prescribing Patterns. (2020-04-24). Accessed 2026-11-10.
16. Open Forum Infectious Diseases (Sanchez et al.), Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Among United States Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants. (2016-08-10). Accessed 2026-11-10.
17. Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology (Marellapudi et al.), Identifying and analyzing high-prescribers of opioids and antibiotics using medicare part D data. (2026-02-13). Accessed 2026-11-10.
18. Health Affairs (Barnett, Lee and Frank), In Rural Areas, Buprenorphine Waiver Adoption Since 2017 Driven By Nurse Practitioners And Physician Assistants. (2019-12-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
19. Medical Care Research and Review (Harrison et al.), State Policies and Buprenorphine Prescribing by Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants. (2022-04-18). Accessed 2026-11-10.
20. Rheumatology International (Hooker and Reinhart), Trends in DMARD prescribing by rheumatologists, NPs, and PAs among medicare beneficiaries, 2013-2023: an observational retrospective cohort study. (2026-06-23). Accessed 2026-11-10.
21. The BMJ (Patel et al.), Provision of evaluation and management visits by nurse practitioners and physician assistants in the USA from 2013 to 2019: cross-sectional time series study. (2023-09-14). Accessed 2026-11-10.
22. Alzheimer's & Dementia (Maust et al.), Clinician type and care setting for treatment of Medicare beneficiaries with dementia. (2025-03-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
23. Health Affairs (Patel et al.), Frequency Of Indirect Billing To Medicare For Nurse Practitioner And Physician Assistant Office Visits. (2022-06-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
24. JAMA Health Forum (Mulcahy et al.), Quantifying Indirect Billing Within the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule. (2025-04-04). Accessed 2026-11-10.
25. BMJ Open (Najmabadi, Honda and Hooker), Collaborative practice trends in US physician office visits: an analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), 2007-2016. (2020-06-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
26. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine (Wu and Darracq), Comparing Physician Assistant and Nurse Practitioner Practice in U.S. Emergency Departments, 2010-2017. (2021-08-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
27. Academic Emergency Medicine (Gettel et al.), Rising high-acuity emergency care services independently billed by advanced practice providers, 2013 to 2019. (2022-12-07). Accessed 2026-11-10.
28. Journal of the American College of Radiology (Christensen et al.), Office-Based Diagnostic Imaging Interpreted by Nonphysician Practitioners: Characteristics, Recent Trends, and State Variation. (2024-11-20). Accessed 2026-11-10.
29. Journal of Arthroplasty (Silvestre et al.), Advanced Practice Providers in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A National Assessment Demonstrates Increasing Prevalence and Unique Practice Characteristics. (2026-05-07). Accessed 2026-11-10.
30. Annals of Emergency Medicine (Gettel et al.), Workforce Attrition Among Emergency Medicine Non-Physician Practitioners. (2025-01-17). Accessed 2026-11-10.
31. Future Healthcare Journal (Hooker et al.), Forecasting the physician assistant/associate workforce: 2020-2035. (2022-03-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
32. Human Resources for Health (Bruza-Augatis et al.), Physician assistants/associates in psychiatry: a workforce analysis. (2024-06-18). Accessed 2026-11-10.
33. JAAPA (Raspet and Gietzen), Perceptions of telehealth use by PAs post-COVID-19. (2024-07-25). Accessed 2026-11-10.
34. Skin Health and Disease (de Baun et al.), A cross-sectional analysis of TikTok's most popular dermal filler videos. (2024-05-06). Accessed 2026-11-10.
35. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology (Campbell et al.), DermTok: How TikTok Is Changing the Landscape of Dermatology Patient Education. (2023-03-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
36. Journal of Physician Assistant Education (Heagey et al.), Does Social Media Have a Role in the Decision to Matriculate Into a Physician Assistant Program? (2025-06-17). Accessed 2026-11-10.
37. Human Resources for Health (Hooker, Moloney-Johns and McFarland), Patient satisfaction with physician assistant/associate care: an international scoping review. (2019-12-27). Accessed 2026-11-10.
38. Orthopedics (Sharabianlou Korth et al.), A Physician Assistant Is Associated With Higher Patient Satisfaction With Outpatient Orthopedic Surgery. (2022-05-17). Accessed 2026-11-10.
39. Health Affairs Scholar (Hu et al.), Physicians working with physician assistants and nurse practitioners: perceived effects on clinical practice. (2024-06-25). Accessed 2026-11-10.
40. Journal of Allied Health (Muniz), How Do Physicians and Nurse Practitioners Perceive the Title Change from Physician Assistant to Physician Associate? (2024-03-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
41. Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA), Entry Level Program Data (undated (read 2026-11-10)). Accessed 2026-11-10.
42. Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA), Clinical Postgraduate Program Data (undated (read 2026-11-10)). Accessed 2026-11-10.
43. PA Education Association (PAEA), The Numbers Are In: PAEA Announces the Release of Program Report 36 (2024-01-30). Accessed 2026-11-10.
44. PA Education Association (PAEA), PA Program Applications Show Growth, Persistence (2025-06-11). Accessed 2026-11-10.
45. PA Education Association (PAEA), PAEA Releases Student Report 6 (2025-02-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
46. PA Education Association (PAEA), Physician Associate Organizations Sue Department of Education to Protect PA Students' Access to Federal Student Loans (2026-06-03). Accessed 2026-11-10.
47. JAAPA (Hooker et al.), A national analysis of the older PA workforce: Demographics, clinical dynamics, and retention. (2026-07-28). Accessed 2026-11-10.
48. BMC Health Services Research (Grubb et al.), Characteristics of family medicine physician associates/assistants in the United States. (2025-09-30). Accessed 2026-11-10.
49. BMC Health Services Research (Bruza-Augatis et al.), Providing care in underresourced areas: contribution of the physician assistant/associate workforce. (2024-07-25). Accessed 2026-11-10.
50. BMC Health Services Research (Kozikowski et al.), Physician assistant/associate career flexibility: factors associated with specialty transitions. (2024-12-28). Accessed 2026-11-10.
51. BMJ Open (Bruza-Augatis et al.), Demographic and occupational factors associated with work-life balance among physician assistants/associates: a cross-sectional study. (2026-01-09). Accessed 2026-11-10.
52. PA Education Association (PAEA) (citing NCCPA), Veterans Day: Honoring the PA Profession's Military Roots (2021-11-08). Accessed 2026-11-10.
53. PA Education Association (PAEA), PAEA and AAPA Secure Preliminary Relief in Professional Degree Case (2026-06-25). Accessed 2026-11-10.
54. PA Education Association (PAEA), PAEA & AAPA Announce the Release of Title Change Practical Guide (2025-03-17). Accessed 2026-11-10.
55. Florida Department of Health, Division of Medical Quality Assurance, Florida Department of Health, Division of Medical Quality Assurance, Annual Report and Long-Range Plan FY 2025-26 (2026-10). Accessed 2026-11-10.
56. Florida Department of Health, Division of Medical Quality Assurance, Florida Department of Health, Division of Medical Quality Assurance, Annual Report and Long-Range Plan FY 2023-24 (2024-10-28). Accessed 2026-11-10.
57. Florida Department of Health, Division of Medical Quality Assurance, Florida Department of Health, Division of Medical Quality Assurance, Annual Report and Long-Range Plan FY 2024-25 (2025-10-31). Accessed 2026-11-10.
58. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
59. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider (2019 data) (2025-03-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
60. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider (2019 data) (2025-03-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
61. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
62. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider (2021 data) (2025-03-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
63. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider (2022 data) (2025-03-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
64. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider (2020 data) (2025-03-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
65. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider (2023 data) (2025-09-09). Accessed 2026-11-10.
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67. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider (2019 data) (2025-03-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
68. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider and Service (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
69. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider and Service (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
70. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider and Service (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
71. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider and Service (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
72. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
73. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
74. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider and Service (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
75. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider and Service (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
76. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider and Service (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
77. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider and Service (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
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81. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider and Service (2024 data) (2026-05-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
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89. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
90. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
91. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
92. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
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94. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
95. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
96. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
97. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
98. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
99. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
100. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
101. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
102. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
103. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
104. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
105. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
106. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
107. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
108. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
109. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
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116. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW open data, 2025 annual averages, industry 621399 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-10.
117. U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics 2024 (Census Data API, nonemp) (2026-03-13). Accessed 2026-11-10.
118. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW open data, 2025 annual averages, industry 621111 (2026-09-03). Accessed 2026-11-10.
119. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns 2023 (Census Data API, cbp) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
120. U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics 2024 (Census Data API, nonemp) (2026-06-25). Accessed 2026-11-10.
121. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns 1998 (Census Data API, cbp) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
122. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns 2018 (Census Data API, cbp) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
123. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns 2023 (Census Data API, cbp) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
124. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census: Telemedicine Services by Industry (ecntelemeds) (2025-01-23). Accessed 2026-11-10.
125. U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Integrated Economic Survey: Detailed Operating Expenses: 2024 (aiesexp02) (2026-05-28). Accessed 2026-11-10.
126. CVS Health Corporation, CVS Health Corporation Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 (2026-02-10). Accessed 2026-11-10.
127. Hims & Hers Health, Inc., Hims & Hers Health, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 (2026-02-23). Accessed 2026-11-10.
128. LifeMD, Inc., LifeMD, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 (2026-03-10). Accessed 2026-11-10.
129. Teladoc Health, Inc., Teladoc Health, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 (2026-02-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
130. Privia Health Group, Inc., Privia Health Group, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 (2026-02-27). Accessed 2026-11-10.
131. agilon health, inc., agilon health, inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 (2026-02-25). Accessed 2026-11-10.
132. Concentra Group Holdings Parent, Inc., Concentra Group Holdings Parent, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 (2026-02-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
133. The Oncology Institute, Inc., The Oncology Institute, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 (2026-03-12). Accessed 2026-11-10.
134. DocGo Inc., DocGo Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 (2026-03-16). Accessed 2026-11-10.
135. 1Life Healthcare, Inc. (One Medical), 1Life Healthcare, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2021 (2022-02-23). Accessed 2026-11-10.
136. CVS Health Corporation, CVS Health Corporation Form 10-K for fiscal year 2020 (2021-02-16). Accessed 2026-11-10.
137. CVS Health Corporation, CVS Health Corporation Form 10-K for fiscal year 2023 (2024-02-07). Accessed 2026-11-10.
138. CVS Health Corporation, CVS Health Corporation Form 10-K for fiscal year 2024 (2025-02-12). Accessed 2026-11-10.
139. Kindly MD, Inc., Kindly MD, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2024 (2025-03-28). Accessed 2026-11-10.
140. Amazon.com, Inc., Amazon.com, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 (2026-02-06). Accessed 2026-11-10.
141. Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Amicus Therapeutics, Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2024 (2025-02-19). Accessed 2026-11-10.
142. The Florida Legislature, The 2026 Florida Statutes, Title XXXII, Chapter 458, 458.347 Physician assistants (2026). Accessed 2026-11-10.
143. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (rule text via eCFR), 42 CFR 414.52 Payment for physician assistants' services (2026-11-10). Accessed 2026-11-10.
144. U.S. Government Publishing Office (Public Law 116-260, Congress), Public Law 116-260, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (2020-12-27). Accessed 2026-11-10.
145. Florida Department of State (Florida Administrative Code), Boards of Medicine and Osteopathic Medicine rule, 64B8-30.001 Definitions, Florida Administrative Code (2025-08-19). Accessed 2026-11-10.
146. The Florida Legislature, The 2026 Florida Statutes, Chapter 459, 459.022 Physician assistants (2026). Accessed 2026-11-10.
147. Florida Department of State (Laws of Florida), Chapter 2021-204, Laws of Florida (CS/CS/House Bill No. 431) (2021-06-29). Accessed 2026-11-10.
148. Drug Enforcement Administration (rule text via eCFR), 21 CFR 1300.01 Definitions relating to controlled substances (2026-11-10). Accessed 2026-11-10.
149. Florida Department of State (Florida Administrative Code), Boards of Medicine and Osteopathic Medicine rule, 64B8-30.011 Advertising, Florida Administrative Code (2026-06-22). Accessed 2026-11-10.
150. Florida Department of State (Florida Administrative Code), Boards of Medicine and Osteopathic Medicine rule, 64B8-30.0111 Disclosure of Licensure Status, Florida Administrative Code (2007-07-11). Accessed 2026-11-10.
151. The Florida Legislature, The 2026 Florida Statutes, 456.072 Grounds for discipline; penalties; enforcement (2026). Accessed 2026-11-10.
152. The Florida Legislature, The 2026 Florida Statutes, 456.47 Use of telehealth to provide services (2026). Accessed 2026-11-10.
153. The Florida Legislature, 456.47 Use of telehealth to provide services (2026). Accessed 2026-11-10.
154. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (Federal Register), Medicare Program; CY 2022 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule and Other Changes to Part B Payment Policies (final rule, 86 FR 64996) (2021-11-19). Accessed 2026-11-10.
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156. U.S. Government Publishing Office (Public Law 119-75, Congress), Public Law 119-75, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 (2026-02-03). Accessed 2026-11-10.
157. Drug Enforcement Administration and HHS (Federal Register), Fourth Temporary Extension of COVID-19 Telemedicine Flexibilities for Prescription of Controlled Medications (90 FR 61301) (2025-12-31). Accessed 2026-11-10.
158. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, 45 CFR 164.508 - Uses and disclosures for which an authorization is required (eCFR) (2026-11-05). Accessed 2026-11-10.
159. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights (rule text via eCFR), 45 CFR 164.514 - Other requirements relating to uses and disclosures of protected health information (2026-11-05). Accessed 2026-11-10.
160. Federal Trade Commission (Federal Register), Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising (88 FR 48092) (2023-07-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
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163. YouTube (Google), Get health information on YouTube - YouTube Help (undated (live help page)). Accessed 2026-11-10.
164. YouTube (Google), Medical misinformation policy - YouTube Help (2026-11-10). Accessed 2026-11-10.
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166. Boston University Physician Assistant Program (PA school; sells PA education), Physician Assistant Profession (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
167. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, and Certified Nurse-Midwives: A Policy Analysis (Health Technology Case Study 37) (1986-12). Accessed 2026-11-10.
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171. Public Health Reports (Ekwo et al.), Physician's assistants in primary care practices: delegation of tasks and physician supervision. (1979-07). Accessed 2026-11-10.
172. Hardin-Simmons University (runs a PA program; quoting U.S. News), Physician Assistant is ranked #1 Job by US News (2021-02-10). Accessed 2026-11-10.
173. University of Kentucky College of Health Sciences (runs a PA program; quoting U.S. News), Physician Assistant, Physical Therapy again near top of U.S. News' best jobs list (2023-01-18). Accessed 2026-11-10.
174. Salus at Drexel University (runs a PA program; quoting U.S. News), Academic Programs Achieve Top Ranking in Best Jobs List (2025-02-13). Accessed 2026-11-10.
175. U.S. News & World Report (release reprinted by AZ Big Media), Here are the best jobs for 2026 (2026-01-31). Accessed 2026-11-10.
176. U.S. News & World Report (release reprinted by AZ Big Media; U.S. News sells advertising and career content), Here are the 10 best jobs in 2025 (2025-02-17). Accessed 2026-11-10.
177. EyeView Digital (video production and testing vendor; sold the videos it tested), UMOO - a prime beef example of EyeView's success (2009-02-10). Accessed 2026-11-10.
178. Unbounce (landing-page software seller), The benefits of using video on landing pages (2010-08). Accessed 2026-11-10.
179. Practice Builders (healthcare practice marketing firm; repeater), 5 Video Marketing Ideas for Your Healthcare Practice (2018-03-03). Accessed 2026-11-10.
180. Web Tonic (marketing agency that sells video and ads; repeater), 42+ Statistics Shaping Video Marketing in the Health & Wellness Industry (2026) (2026-07-23). Accessed 2026-11-10.
181. Unbounce (landing-page software seller; analysis of its own customers' pages), Video on landing pages means more conversions, right? Wrong. Here's why (2021-08-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
182. Unbounce (landing-page software seller; repeater), 15 high-converting landing page examples (+ why they work) (2025-04-06). Accessed 2026-11-10.

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We re-verify every figure quarterly and when a major source publishes a new edition. The next scheduled review is February 2027. Corrections go to contact@markstudios.com.

• Nov 10, 2026: First published with 488 figures from 69 publishers, each checked against its original source.