Speech Therapy Video Statistics

Key takeaways

1. Speech-language pathologists’ channels posted 24.8% of YouTube’s 463 most-viewed ‘speech therapy’, ‘speech therapist’ and ‘stuttering’ videos but drew 2.1% of their views; one toddler-learning channel held 81.8%, and without it SLPs drew 11.6% (our read, Nov 2026). (Mark Studios) See details
2. Videos of 60 seconds or less made up 33.0% of the sample, while videos longer than 20 minutes drew 84.1% of its views; 70.0% of the top ‘stuttering’ results were about stuttered speech (our read). (Mark Studios) See details
3. Original Medicare allowed 1,221,628 speech-language pathology services on professional claims in 2024, up from 557,030 in 2019; 91.6% of the providers in CMS’s provider-level file were speech-language pathologists (our calculation from CMS data). (CMS, Mark Studios) See details
4. Employers had 183,390 wage and salary speech-language pathologists in May 2025, at a median annual wage of $97,870; schools held 39.3% of those jobs, and BLS estimates 4.5 percent of SLPs are self-employed. (BLS) See details
5. Florida had 14,269 speech-language pathologist licences in a practicing status on November 5, 2026: 1,368 in Broward, 1,241 in Palm Beach and 144 in Martin County (our count). (Florida DOH, Mark Studios) See details
6. ASHA’s 2026 Schools Survey found a median monthly caseload of 50 students (65 in Florida), and 67.9% of school SLPs said their local job market had more openings than job seekers. (ASHA) See details
7. Medicare’s KX modifier threshold for physical therapy and speech-language pathology combined is $2,480 for 2026 and $2,540 for 2027, and CMS’s final 2027 rule lets speech-language pathologists furnish Medicare telehealth through December 31, 2027. (CMS) See details
8. NIDCD now says about 1 in 14 (7.2 percent) U.S. children ages 3-17 had a voice, speech or language disorder in the past year, not 1 in 12; and the CDC and AAP place ‘says about 50 words’ at 30 months, not age 2. (NIDCD, Pediatrics) See details

Who makes the most-viewed speech therapy videos on YouTube?

Speech-language pathologists' own channels drew 2.1% of the views of the most-viewed speech therapy, speech therapist and stuttering videos on YouTube on November 5, 2026, although they posted 24.8% of the videos (our count). We read YouTube's own view-sorted search results, the top 200 for each of the three searches, through the YouTube Data API, with no country filter. The three lists held 463 unique videos from 293 channels, and the median video had 709,444 lifetime views (our count). We sorted every channel by hand from its own title, description and video text. An SLP here is any channel whose own text calls its owner a speech-language pathologist, SLP, speech therapist, speech-language therapist, terapeuta del lenguaje, logoped or fonoaudiólogo, anywhere in the world; 34 channels qualified, with 115 videos.

One kids' channel carries most of the reach. Ms Rachel - Toddler Learning Videos, whose own text describes a teacher who "uses techniques recommended by speech therapists", held 81.8% of all the views with 22 videos (our count). Kids' learning channels not run by an SLP together drew 85.4% of the views from 11.7% of the videos. Leaving out the Ms Rachel channel, SLPs' channels drew 11.6% of the remaining views (our calculation). Within the SLP group, the largest channel, Travis Stuttering, run by an SLP who stutters, held 24.1% of the SLP views; without it, SLPs drew 1.6% of the remaining views of the whole sample. The 5 biggest channels held 85.6% of all views.

The source is our hand classification of all 293 channels (our count, YouTube Data API, November 5, 2026). Therapy practices, clinics and teletherapy businesses posted 26 of the videos, and physicians, physiotherapists, special educators and hospitals most of the rest of the health-side videos. The median SLP's video had 399,365 lifetime views, against 12,596,213.5 for the median kids' learning channel video.

How many of those SLP channels are U.S.-based, and how many state a credential?

U.S.-placed SLPs' channels posted 75 of the 463 videos on November 5, 2026 and drew 1.2% of the views (our count). We counted an SLP as U.S.-placed when the channel's country setting was the United States or its own text named a U.S. city or state; only 6 of the 34 SLP channels named a place in their own text (Miami, California, New Jersey, Maryland, Chicago), and 20 were U.S.-placed either way.

18 of the 34 SLP channels stated a credential in their own text: the ASHA Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC-SLP), a state licence, a certificate, a registration with a national body (India's RCI, the UK's HCPC, Brazil's CRFa) or an SLP degree. The other 16 gave only the job title. 5 channels stated the CCC-SLP or an ASHA board specialty, and they drew 0.5% of the views (our count). Channels that stated a credential drew 0.8% of all views, and channels that gave only the job title 1.4%. ASHA is both the professional association and, through its Council for Clinical Certification, the body that awards the CCC-SLP; a channel's own wording is the only evidence we used, and we did not check any licence.

What do searches for 'speech therapy' and 'speech therapist' return?

Toddler videos: the Ms Rachel channel held 92.8% of the views of YouTube's 200 most-viewed 'speech therapy' results on November 5, 2026 (our count). Its top video, 'Baby Learning with Ms Rachel', was the first result. SLPs' channels posted 34.0% of the 'speech therapy' results and drew 1.4% of their views; leaving out Ms Rachel, they drew 19.1% of the remaining views, and kids' learning channels 54.5% (our calculation). In the 'speech therapist' list SLPs posted 47.2% of the videos and drew 3.3% of the views, or 28.5% without Ms Rachel. The two lists overlap heavily: 135 videos appeared in both.

YouTube's own made-for-kids setting shows the same tilt. 44.5% of the 'speech therapy' results were set as made for kids (our read of videos.list part=status). Across all three searches, 25.5% of the videos were made for kids and they drew 86.5% of the views; 63 of the 115 SLP videos were made for kids, most of them from 7 SLP-run toddler channels.

What does YouTube show for 'stuttering'?

70.0% of YouTube's 200 most-viewed 'stuttering' results on November 5, 2026 were about stuttered speech, real or portrayed (our count). The rest used the word for something else: songs and music tracks named 'Stutter' or 'Stuttering' made up 36 of the videos and drew 23.8% of the list's views, 13 were about frame-rate stutter in games, PCs or a mouse, and a few named an ASMR trigger style or a figure of speech ('starts stuttering when ...').

Media, music and entertainment channels posted 78.0% of the 'stuttering' results and drew 89.9% of their views: talent-show clips, scripted dramas about bullying, streamer clips, stand-up and music videos. SLPs' channels posted 11 of the 200 (6 from Travis Stuttering), and channels run by people who say they stutter or stammered, including lived-experience creators, a comedian, coaches, an SLP and a fluency specialist, posted 28 (our count). The 'stuttering' list runs shorter and wider than the speech therapy lists: videos of 60 seconds or less made up 44.0% of it, and its median video had 1,056,131 views, against 740,560.5 for 'speech therapy'. The Stuttering Foundation's 'Kids Talk About Stuttering' was at rank 131 and a National Stuttering Association conference video at 134.

How long are the most-viewed speech therapy videos, and what are they about?

Long ones draw the views: videos over 20 minutes were 21.4% of the 463 videos on November 5, 2026 and drew 84.1% of the views, mostly hour-long toddler videos (our count). Videos of 60 seconds or less made up 33.0% of the videos but drew 8.4% of the views. 54.0% of the videos were published in 2024 or later. Channels whose country setting was the United States posted 43.8% of the videos and drew 88.1% of the views.

Titles about first words or learning to talk made up 14.9% of the videos and drew 71.2% of the views (our count, regex on titles). Titles about speech delay or late talking made up 5.6% of the videos, and titles about articulation or single speech sounds 5.8%. Adult speech therapy barely shows: only 13 titles were about voice, swallowing, stroke, aphasia or Parkinson's, and they drew 0.1% of the views. 34 titles used words such as 'cure', 'fix', 'fast', 'overcome' or 'in N days'. YouTube's altered or synthetic content field was absent from all 463 videos (our read of videos.list part=status).

How much do ASHA, the Stuttering Foundation and teletherapy sellers post on YouTube?

ASHA's YouTube channel posted one video in the year to November 5, 2026, in July 2026, and had 22,500 subscribers (our read of the YouTube Data API). Its 527 public videos had 3,942,373 lifetime views in all, and none was among the 463 most-viewed results. The Stuttering Foundation posted 12 videos in the same year, with a median of 129.5 views each. NIDCD's website links no YouTube channel; NIH's agency-wide channel posted 50 videos in the year, with a median of 528.5 views.

Five U.S. speech teletherapy and app sellers, Expressable, Better Speech, Great Speech, Presence and Speech Blubs, posted 131 videos in the year, with a median of 160 views (our count). Expressable posted 91 of them, with a median of 230 views. Presence, which sells teletherapy to PreK-12 schools, posted 37 with a median of 36 views, most of them 60 seconds or less. Better Speech posted 2 and Great Speech 1. The app Speech Blubs, with 22,400 subscribers, last uploaded in October 2023. Of the eight organisation channels we read, only the Stuttering Foundation, Speech Blubs and Expressable had a video in the search sample, one each, and the highest was at rank 131 of 200 (our count).

How many speech-language pathologists use telepractice?

In 2025, 36.7% of health care SLPs who mainly see clients said some of their current work included telepractice, according to ASHA's 2025 SLP Health Care Survey (n = 2,193 clinical service providers) (ASHA 2025 SLP Health Care Survey). In outpatient clinics or offices the share was 58.7%. ASHA is both the professional association and, through its Council for Clinical Certification, the body that issues the CCC-SLP; its surveys sample ASHA-certified SLPs only. The 2025 survey had a response rate of 18.6% (ASHA).

The share has edged down since the pandemic. The same question returned 42.5% in 2021 (n = 703) (ASHA 2021 SLP Health Care Survey) and 40.1% in 2023 (n = 1,356) (ASHA 2023 SLP Health Care Survey). The three surveys used different samples and response rates, so small changes may be noise.

In outpatient clinics or offices, 39.4% of SLPs said they offered telepractice to children and 23.2% to adults.

How common is telepractice among school SLPs?

It is a small slice of school employment. Only 2% of employed school-based SLPs in ASHA's 2026 Schools Survey named an office for telepractice as their main facility (n = 4,981) (ASHA 2026 Schools Survey). The survey sampled 27,500 ASHA-certified school SLPs (ASHA) and got a combined response rate of 17.0% (ASHA).

Telepractice school work is organised differently. 81.7% of SLPs in telepractice offices were contractors or self-employed, against 14.2% of all school SLPs (ASHA 2026 Schools Survey). They carried the largest median caseload of any school facility type, 55 students a month (ASHA 2026 caseload report), up from 52 in the 2024 survey (ASHA 2024 caseload report). In 2024, 46% of school telepractice SLPs worked part time, the highest part-time share of any school setting (ASHA 2024 workforce report). Hourly-paid SLPs in telepractice offices reported a median of $55.00 an hour in 2026 (n = 98) (ASHA 2026 salary report).

What did surveys find about SLP telepractice during COVID-19?

Peer-reviewed surveys from 2020 and 2021 describe a sudden switch. All are convenience samples, not representative of every SLP.

• A statewide survey of 51 pediatric SLPs in Mississippi found weekly telepractice caseloads rose from 0.2 clients before the pandemic to 14.8 in March to May 2020, then fell to 5.5 and 7.9 later that year (Hao et al., IJERPH 2021). About one-third said they would be more likely to use telepractice in the future regardless of the pandemic; only about a quarter saw it as comparable to in-person care (Hao et al.).
• A survey of 269 SLPs and SLP assistants serving mainly children, run by University of South Florida researchers, recorded a dramatic rise in telehealth use from before March 2020 to October 2020, mostly because of employer mandates and infection risk (Campbell & Goldstein, AJSLP 2021).
• Three hundred thirty-one U.S. SLPs serving children who use aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) answered a national survey in May and June 2020. Most were using telepractice for both direct and coaching services; school-based SLPs rated it less effective than SLPs in other settings (Biggs et al., AJSLP 2022). In a related national survey of 361 SLPs, those trained in AAC telepractice in the past year held more positive views of it (Intellect Dev Disabil 2023).
• Of 235 SLPs who manage adult swallowing disorders (dysphagia), 67% said they would use telehealth in the future (Dysphagia 2023).

Later, a survey of 514 U.S. school-based SLPs found 54.4 % reported high confidence in providing telepractice and 22.6% low confidence (J Commun Disord 2025); 50.6 % rated their telepractice knowledge as high (J Commun Disord 2025).

How do SLPs use social media and video for their work?

Mostly to pick up treatment ideas. In a survey of 271 school-based SLPs in Florida and Ohio and in pediatric SLP Facebook groups, the most-used professional platforms were Facebook (19-25% of SLPs) and Pinterest (15-18%), and only 3-5% used social media to pose or answer a clinical question (Seminars in Speech and Language 2023). A survey of 530 ASHA-certified SLPs, recruited through social media and ASHA's online community, named knowledge, caseload and time as the main barriers to AAC services (AJSLP 2023).

In Australia, SLPs ran a 12-week Facebook series of early-language messages for parents of children up to age 5; 136 parents answered the survey before and 61 after, and they reported more knowledge afterwards (Int J Speech-Language Pathology 2024). The study had no control group.

What do trials say about video self-modelling and parent coaching?

Video self-modelling means a client watches edited video of themselves doing a target skill well. In an Australian randomized controlled trial of 89 adults and adolescents after intensive stuttering treatment, watching stutter-free videos of themselves every day for a month did not change the measured stuttering rate at 1 or 6 months (Cream et al., JSLHR 2010). Self-ratings did differ: satisfaction with fluency was 20% better in the video group at 6 months (Cream et al.).

Parent coaching is often built on recordings of family talk. In a randomized trial with typically developing infants, coaching parents at 6 and 10 months, using feedback from home audio recordings, was followed by infants producing significantly more words at 14 months than controls (Ferjan Ramírez et al., Developmental Science 2019). That study used audio recorders, not video, and did not test a clinical population.

Can SLPs get YouTube's health source label?

Not under the professions YouTube lists today. YouTube's help page for its health source information panels and health content shelf lists eligible individual licences as doctor, nurse, psychologist, marriage and family therapist and clinical social worker, and does not name speech-language pathologists (YouTube Help). Accredited hospitals, academic medical institutions, public health departments and government bodies qualify without applying. Individual channels must also have more than 1,500 valid public watch hours in the last 12 months, or 1.5 million Shorts views in 90 days. YouTube says accepted applicants may start appearing in these features in 2-3 months (YouTube Help).

What do teletherapy companies and app makers report?

These are the sellers' own figures, printed on their marketing pages and not independently audited.

How many U.S. children are served in school for a speech or language impairment?

In school year 2022-23, 1,430 thousand U.S. children and youth ages 3-21 were served under Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) with speech or language impairment as their disability category (NCES Digest table 204.30). That was 19.0 percent of the 7,526 thousand children served under IDEA Part B that year, and equal to 2.9 percent of total public school enrollment (NCES). The counts come from states' IDEA Section 618 child count reports to the U.S. Department of Education, compiled by the National Center for Education Statistics. They count students by the one disability under which they are served, so they are a count of services, not a measure of how many children have a speech or language disorder.

The number has moved little for decades while its share has fallen. The count was 1,302 thousand in 1976-77 and 1,388 thousand in 2000-01; over the same period the share of all IDEA students fell from 35.2 percent as other categories, autism above all, grew (NCES).

The 2023 figures in the Annual Report to Congress cover 48 states, DC, Bureau of Indian Education schools and the territories; Iowa and New Mexico data were not available. The age base changed in 2020, when states began reporting 5-year-old kindergartners as school age, so the 2014 and 2023 population shares are not strictly comparable (OSEP).

Schools also count the people who deliver the service. In fall 2022, states reported 81,198 full-time-equivalent speech-language pathologists employed to provide related services under IDEA Part B, the largest of the 11 related-services personnel categories, and 97.7 percent of them were fully certified under their state's standard (OSEP).

How many Florida children are served for speech or language impairment?

In fall 2019, 80,720 Florida students ages 6-21 were served under IDEA Part B with speech or language impairment as their primary disability, out of 377,535 Florida students ages 6-21 served under IDEA for any disability (U.S. Department of Education IDEA 618 data). Another 12,581 Florida children ages 3-5 were served in the same category (IDEA 618 data). By sex, 54,534 of the school-age students were male and 26,186 were female.

Seven years earlier, in fall 2012, the Florida counts were 77,301 students ages 6-21 and 14,467 children ages 3-5 in the category, against 316,882 Florida students ages 6-21 served for any disability (IDEA 618 data, 2012). These are the state's own reports to the U.S. Department of Education. The 2019-20 file is the newest state-level file readable from a public archive; ed.gov and data.ed.gov refuse automated requests, so later Florida counts are not shown here.

How many speech-language pathologists hold a Florida licence?

Florida's public licence search returned 14,269 speech-language pathologist (SLP) licences in practicing statuses on November 5, 2026 (our count), out of 25,198 SLP licence records in all statuses, current and former. We read the Florida Department of Health's Division of Medical Quality Assurance (MQA) licence verification search, the state regulator's own register, one query per licence type, status and county, and kept only the result totals. The same search returned 3,658 speech-language pathology assistant (SLPA) licences in practicing statuses, or 25.6 assistants per 100 practicing SLPs (our calculation).

MQA's own year-end count is a little different because it uses a June 30 date and its own status rules. Its annual report counted 15,720 SLP licences in all statuses at the end of fiscal year 2025-26 (July 2025 to June 2026) Florida DOH MQA, of them 12,495 in-state active and 1,181 active with an out-of-state mailing address (MQA). That puts 8.6% of active SLP licences at out-of-state addresses, against 11.5% in fiscal year 2020-21, when MQA counted 1,401 out-of-state active licences (our calculation). It also counted 4,404 SLPA licences, of them 3,233 in-state active, and 1,055 provisional SLP licences, the licence held during the clinical fellowship (MQA). These are licences, not people at work.

Out-of-state providers can also register to give telehealth to patients in Florida without a Florida licence (s. 456.47, F.S.). The public search returned 688 such registrations for SLPs in practicing statuses, 4.6% of practicing SLP licences and registrations combined (our count), and none for SLPAs. MQA's fiscal year 2025-26 report says the Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact (ASLP-IC) was not yet operational in Florida at year end, so no compact privileges are in these counts.

How many SLPs are licensed in Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties?

2,753 practicing SLP licences matched Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties in Florida's public licence search on November 5, 2026 (our count), 19.4% of the licences counted across the state's 67 counties. MQA's county filter uses the licensee's address and can match one licence to more than one county: 61 of the 976 licences on the first result page of each county search appeared under two or more counties (our check), so county totals slightly overcount.

Source: Florida DOH MQA licence verification search, practicing statuses, November 5, 2026 (our count). Miami-Dade had the most practicing SLP licences of any county, 1,598 (our count), and 67 of 67 counties had at least one. Counts by county for every licence type are in our public file of aggregate counts (no names).

How fast are Florida SLP and assistant licences growing?

Florida's SLP licences in all statuses grew 20.0% from fiscal year 2020-21 to 2025-26, from 13,097 to 15,720, by MQA's year-end counts (our calculation). SLPA licences grew faster, 1.8-fold over the same years (our calculation). MQA issued 6,682 initial SLP licences across the six years (our sum).

Source: Florida DOH MQA Annual Report and Long-Range Plan, Tables 1 and 4, each fiscal year MQA. In fiscal year 2020-21 MQA counted 1,848 in-state active SLPA licences and 728 provisional SLP licences, and issued 545 initial SLPA licences. In fiscal year 2025-26 it issued 808 initial SLPA licences and 652 initial provisional SLP licences (MQA). New provisional licences turn into full licences after the clinical fellowship, so the two issue counts overlap in people.

How many SLPs are licensed in other states that publish open data?

Four states publish their licence registers as open data. On November 5, 2026, Washington's Department of Health listed 4,270 active SLP licences and 372 active SLPA certifications, Connecticut listed 3,535 active SLP licences, Delaware 1,112 active SLP licences, and Colorado 4,402 SLP licences in an active status (our counts from each state's open data, grouped counts only).

Sources: data.wa.gov, data.ct.gov, data.delaware.gov and data.colorado.gov licence files, read through their SODA APIs on November 5, 2026 (our count). Each state defines "active" its own way; the counts are licences, not people at work, and one person can hold licences in several states. For comparison with the certifier's count, ASHA's 12,760 Florida certificate holders equal 102.1% of Florida's in-state active SLP licences at the end of fiscal year 2025-26 (our calculation): the two lists come from different counters and dates and are not the same set of people, since Florida does not require the CCC-SLP for a licence.

How many SLPs hold ASHA's Certificate of Clinical Competence?

ASHA represented 218,646 certified speech-language pathologists in 2025, up from 212,864 at year-end 2024 ASHA. ASHA, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, is both the professional association and, through its Council for Clinical Certification, the body that awards the CCC-SLP, and it sells memberships, certification and continuing education to the people it counts. Its counts cover certificate holders whose dues or fees were paid in the calendar year; 96.4% of them were members and the rest certified nonmembers (ASHA).

By address, ASHA counted 216,272 SLP-only certificate holders in the 50 states and DC in 2025, and 12,760 in Florida (ASHA, Table 3). It also counted 1,178 Certified Speech-Language Pathology Assistants (C-SLPA) in the U.S., a credential it introduced in 2021 (ASHA). That is far below the 3,658 practicing SLPA licences in Florida alone: most assistants hold a state licence or registration without the ASHA credential.

Where do ASHA-certified SLPs work?

49.6% of ASHA-certified SLPs worked in schools in 2025, down from 55.4% in 2005, and about 40.4% worked in health care facilities, up from 35.5% (ASHA trends, from dues-notice answers) ASHA. Nonresidential health care facilities, a group that includes clinics, home health and private offices, grew most: 21.1% of certified SLPs in 2025 against 13.6% in 2005 (ASHA). 24.8% worked full- or part-time in private practice (ASHA).

Florida leans more to health care. Among ASHA's Florida SLP-only certificate holders who answered, 40.8% worked primarily in schools and 50.4% in health care facilities in 2025, and 18.9% were employed full time in private practice, with 15.9% part time (ASHA state profile; 11,264 answered the facility item and 10,030 the private practice item) ASHA. These are self-reported shares of respondents, not of all licensees.

How many SLP graduate programmes and graduates are there?

The Council on Academic Accreditation (CAA) listed 305 accredited speech-language pathology master's programmes and 31 candidate programmes, 336 in all, in 2026 CAA. Accredited and candidate audiology and SLP programmes sat in 339 U.S. institutions as of September 2026 (CAA). The CAA operates under ASHA, and ASHA's CCC-SLP standards require graduate study in a CAA-accredited programme.

U.S. colleges reported 10,298 master's degrees across the three speech-language degree codes in academic year 2023-24, against 7,428 in 2013-14, a rise of 38.6% (our count from NCES IPEDS completions data, first majors, 2023-24 provisional). Colleges file SLP master's degrees under three codes, so no single code counts all new SLPs: speech-language pathology (CIP 51.0203) alone had 5,371 master's degrees from 152 institutions in 2023-24 (our count). Florida colleges reported 554 of the master's degrees in 2023-24, against 510 in 2013-14, or 5.4% of the U.S. total (our calculation). At bachelor's level, the three codes had 10,349 degrees in 2023-24 (our count); most bachelor's graduates go on to a master's before they can be licensed.

Source: NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 2015, 2019 and 2023, table 318.30 NCES. Our own IPEDS count for 51.0203 master's degrees in 2013-14 matches the Digest's 2,881 exactly. In 2021-22 NCES also counted 5,191 bachelor's degrees in communication sciences and disorders, general, and 63 bachelor's degrees in speech-language pathology assistant programmes (NCES). Degrees are awards, not people, and second majors are left out.

How many speech-language pathologists work in the United States?

BLS counted 193.4 thousand speech-language pathologist jobs in 2025, wage and salary plus self-employed (SOC 29-1127) (BLS Employment Projections). Its Occupational Outlook Handbook rounds that to about 193,400 jobs (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook). The payroll-only count from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey is lower: 183,390 wage and salary jobs in May 2025 (BLS OEWS), because it leaves out SLPs who own their practice.

BLS puts 4.5 percent of the occupation in self-employment in 2025 (BLS Employment Projections), or 8.8 thousand self-employed SLPs in its industry matrix (BLS National Employment Matrix). The Handbook rounds the self-employed share to 5 percent.

Where do speech-language pathologists work?

Schools are the largest employer. BLS's Handbook lists educational services (state, local and private) as the employer of 39% of SLP jobs in 2025 (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook), and therapist and audiologist offices at 25 percent, hospitals at 13 percent, nursing and residential care at 5 percent and self-employed workers at 5 percent (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook). The matrix behind those shares counts 75.7 thousand SLP jobs in educational services (BLS National Employment Matrix), of which 66.3 thousand, or 34.3 percent of the whole occupation, are in local public elementary and secondary schools (BLS National Employment Matrix). It also counts 3.4 thousand SLP jobs in temporary help services, the staffing-agency industry that places contract therapists in schools and clinics (BLS National Employment Matrix).

The OEWS payroll survey gives the same picture for May 2025, for wage and salary jobs only:

Schools held 39.3% of the payroll jobs (our calculation), and their median wage was 16.0% below the median in therapist and audiologist offices (our calculation). OEWS industry figures cover wage and salary jobs; school SLPs are often on 9- or 10-month contracts reported as annual salaries.

How much do speech-language pathologists earn?

The median annual wage for U.S. speech-language pathologists was $97,870 in May 2025 (BLS OEWS), and the mean was $98,170 (BLS OEWS). The lowest-paid tenth earned less than $62,900 and the highest-paid tenth more than $134,160 (BLS OEWS) (BLS OEWS). Pay is lowest in schools and highest in health-care settings: BLS's Handbook gives a median of $109,660 in nursing and residential care facilities against $83,120 in educational services (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook).

How many speech-language pathologists work in Florida and South Florida?

Florida had 10,080 wage and salary SLP jobs in May 2025 (BLS OEWS), with a median annual wage of $99,990 (BLS OEWS) and a mean of $96,710 (BLS OEWS). That is 5.5% of the U.S. payroll count (our calculation). The occupation is less concentrated in Florida than nationally: its location quotient was 0.86 (BLS OEWS), where 1.00 equals the national share of jobs.

BLS publishes metro areas, not counties. The Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metro area, which takes in Palm Beach, Broward and Miami-Dade counties, had 2,930 SLP jobs (BLS OEWS) and a median wage of $101,590 (BLS OEWS). That median was 3.8% above the U.S. median (our calculation). The Port St. Lucie metro area, St. Lucie and Martin counties, had 310 (BLS OEWS), with a median of $97,650 (BLS OEWS). The API returned no SLP data for the West Palm Beach or Fort Lauderdale metropolitan divisions.

How fast is speech-language pathology employment projected to grow?

BLS projects SLP employment to grow 16.6 percent from 2025 to 2035 (BLS Employment Projections), to 225.5 thousand jobs (BLS Employment Projections). The Handbook rounds this to 17 percent, "much faster than the average for all occupations" (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook), and projects about 12,500 openings a year (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook), or 12.5 thousand in the projections table (BLS Employment Projections), most from replacing workers who retire or change jobs.

Growth is fastest outside schools. BLS projects SLP jobs in therapist and audiologist offices, 48.6 thousand in 2025 (BLS National Employment Matrix), to grow 36.4 percent by 2035 (BLS National Employment Matrix), and SLP jobs in home health care to grow 26.9 percent (BLS National Employment Matrix). Local public schools are projected to add 6.5 percent. These are model projections, not counts.

What education does a speech-language pathologist need?

BLS says SLPs typically need at least a master's degree in speech-language pathology, and that these programs usually take 2 years of postbaccalaureate study (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook). Licensing and certification rules are covered in the rules section.

Do speech-language pathology assistants have their own job statistics?

No. The federal occupation system has no separate code for speech-language pathology assistants (SLPAs). O*NET, the Department of Labor's occupation database, files them as 31-9099.01 inside "Healthcare support workers, all other" (O*NET OnLine), and shows wage data only for that wider group: a 2025 median of $48,430 (O*NET OnLine). OEWS counts 109,740 jobs in the whole catch-all group in May 2025 (BLS OEWS); SLPAs are an unknown share of it, so no federal SLPA count exists. BLS's own OEWS figure for the median of 31-9099 is the same $48,430 (BLS OEWS).

How many speech therapy practices are there?

No federal count isolates speech therapy practices. Private speech practices are classified in NAICS 621340, which the 2022 NAICS Manual defines as independent practitioners who provide physical therapy, therapeutic activities for people with disabilities, or diagnose and treat "speech, language, or hearing problems", with speech pathologists' offices among its examples (NAICS Manual 2022). The manual also routes establishments of speech or voice pathologists to 621340 in its cross-references (NAICS Manual 2022). The code is shared with physical therapy, occupational therapy and audiology offices, so every figure below is shared context, not a speech-only count. SLPs employed by schools, hospitals, nursing homes and home health agencies are counted in those industries.

BLS's Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages counted 54,264 private establishments in NAICS 621340 in 2025 (BLS QCEW), up from 39,741 in 2019 (BLS QCEW) and 41,937 in 2020 (BLS QCEW). They averaged 518,334 jobs (BLS QCEW), at an average annual pay of $52,955 per job across all occupations in the industry, from therapists to front-desk staff (BLS QCEW). QCEW counts only establishments with employees covered by unemployment insurance, and each clinic location counts once.

The Census Bureau's County Business Patterns, a different source with different timing, counted 52,058 employer establishments in 2023 (Census CBP) with 466,903 employees (Census CBP). Census also counted 116,639 nonemployer businesses in the industry in 2024 (Census Nonemployer Statistics), up from 108,936 in 2023 (Census Nonemployer Statistics). Nonemployers have no paid staff; most are sole proprietors, including solo therapists and contract therapists.

How much revenue do therapy practices in this industry bring in?

The 2022 Economic Census counted $42,795,518 thousand in receipts for the 50,492 employer establishments in NAICS 621340 (Census Economic Census 2022). The census publishes no product line for speech-language pathology by itself. The only line that names speech is home physical, occupational and speech therapy services: $703,986 thousand, reported by 3,346 establishments (Census Economic Census 2022). Patient care is also split by the patient's diagnosis: care for mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders (ICD-10 chapter F, which holds developmental speech and language disorders along with autism, ADHD and other conditions) brought in $9,222,618 thousand (Census Economic Census 2022). Neither line is a speech-only figure.

How many of these practices are in Florida and Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties?

Florida had 4,614 private NAICS 621340 establishments in 2025, by BLS's QCEW count (BLS QCEW), with 34,245 jobs (BLS QCEW). County Business Patterns counted 4,399 Florida employer establishments in 2023 (Census CBP), and Census counted 17,520 Florida nonemployer businesses in the industry in 2024 (Census Nonemployer Statistics). All counts cover physical, occupational and speech therapy and audiology together.

QCEW and County Business Patterns differ in source, year and definitions, so their counts do not match. Nonemployer figures come from tax records of businesses with no paid employees.

How much speech therapy does Medicare Part B pay for on professional claims?

Original Medicare Part B allowed 1,221,628 speech-language pathology services on professional claims in 2024, counting CPT 92507, 92508, 92521, 92522, 92523, 92524, 92526 and 92610 in office and facility settings (our calculation from CMS's Physician & Other Practitioners by Geography and Service file). That is 119.3% more than the 557,030 services allowed in 2019 (our calculation). A service here is one treatment session (92507, 92508, 92526) or one evaluation (92521-92524, 92610), and treatment sessions made up 90.9% of the 2024 total (our calculation).

Multiplying CMS's average Medicare payment per service by the number of services, Original Medicare paid about $77.5 million for these codes on professional claims in 2024, up from about $36.9 million in 2019 (our calculation). These are Medicare's own allowed and paid amounts, not any provider's prices. In 2024 the average allowed amount for an individual treatment session (CPT 92507, office setting) was $72.10 and the average Medicare payment was $56.41 (CMS); the payment is lower because the beneficiary owes the deductible and 20% coinsurance. The 2019 payment for the same session was $60.25 (CMS 2019 file), a nominal drop of 6.4% (our calculation). 99.9% of 2024 services were billed in the office (non-facility) setting (our calculation). The file has no telehealth flag, so it cannot say how many sessions were delivered by video.

These files are narrower than all Medicare speech therapy. CMS builds them from 100% of final-action Part B non-institutional line items for the fee-for-service population (CMS methodology), which means professional claims from SLPs in private practice and physician offices. Therapy that hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, home health agencies and rehabilitation agencies bill on institutional claims is not in them, and neither are Medicare Advantage enrollees, Medicaid or private insurance. CMS also drops any aggregated record built from 10 or fewer beneficiaries (CMS methodology), so small state, setting and provider rows are missing and sums understate the true totals.

Beneficiaries with individual treatment averaged 14.3 sessions each in 2024, up from 11.4 in 2019, and those with swallowing treatment averaged 10.4 sessions (our calculation).

How has Medicare speech therapy on professional claims changed since 2019?

It more than doubled. Individual treatment sessions (CPT 92507, office setting) rose 2.3-fold from 353,881 in 2019 (CMS 2019 file) to 819,253 in 2024 (our calculation). Providers billing the code rose 70.1% from 3,557 (CMS 2019 file), and beneficiaries receiving it rose 85.2% from 30,952 (CMS 2019 file) (our calculation). Each 92507 provider averaged 9.5 Medicare beneficiaries for the code in 2024, against 8.7 in 2019 (our calculation). Because the file leaves out institutional claims, the rise may partly reflect therapy moving between billing settings, not only more therapy.

Swallowing treatment (CPT 92526, office) went from 133,021 sessions billed by 2,055 providers in 2019 (CMS 2019 file) to 283,915 sessions in 2024. Combined speech-sound and language evaluations (CPT 92523) rose 112.4% from 20,103 in 2019 (CMS 2019 file) (our calculation), and swallowing evaluations (CPT 92610) went from 21,533 (CMS 2019 file) to 35,514.

Who bills Medicare for speech therapy codes?

Mostly speech-language pathologists. In CMS's 2024 Physician & Other Practitioners by Provider and Service file, 2,487 individual providers had published records for the eight codes, up from 1,288 in 2019 (our count), and 91.6% of them carried CMS's provider type "Speech Language Pathologist" (our count). SLPs with such records rose from 1,070 in 2019 to 2,278 in 2024 (our count), and they billed 98.0% of the services in that file (our calculation). Otolaryngologists were the next-largest group with 144 providers, followed by 20 neurologists after them (our count); 4 physical or occupational therapists in private practice appeared (our count). The provider-level file covers 77% of the national services in the geography file (our calculation); the rest come from providers with 10 or fewer beneficiaries for a code, and the geography file's 6,050 billers of 92507 show that is most providers.

Counting every service, not just these codes, CMS's by-provider file for 2024 lists 2,738 providers of type Speech Language Pathologist nationwide (CMS 2024 by-provider file), against 1,370 in 2019 (CMS 2019 by-provider file); both leave out SLPs with 10 or fewer Medicare patients. Enrollment is wider than billing: CMS's Public Provider Enrollment file dated 1 October 2026 holds 15,915 enrollment records with provider type 14-15, Qualified Speech Language Pathologist (CMS PPEF), against 15,484 in the January 2026 file (CMS PPEF January 2026). An SLP enrolled in more than one state can appear more than once, enrollment does not mean the person billed Medicare, and SLPs employed by hospitals or nursing facilities usually bill through the institution instead.

How much Medicare speech therapy happens in Florida and South Florida?

Florida providers billed 111,018 Medicare speech-language pathology services on professional claims in 2024 across the eight codes (our calculation), and Florida's share of national individual treatment sessions was 9.0% (our calculation). Florida's 92507 sessions rose 3.3-fold between 2019 and 2024 (our calculation), faster than the nation's. CMS publishes few Florida facility rows because most would come from 10 or fewer beneficiaries.

The average Medicare payment for a Florida individual treatment session was $55.06 in 2024 (CMS), and Florida beneficiaries with that code averaged 15.9 sessions each (our calculation). CMS's 2024 by-provider file lists 186 Florida providers of the SLP type (CMS 2024 by-provider file), against 66 in 2019 (CMS 2019 by-provider file). Florida's October 2026 enrollment file count is 962 SLP enrollment records (CMS PPEF), up from 924 in January 2026 (CMS PPEF January 2026).

In the provider-level file for the eight codes, 210 Florida providers had published records in 2024, 167 of them speech-language pathologists, up from 86 in 2019 (our count). By ZIP code, 14 were in Palm Beach County, 16 in Broward and 5 in Martin (our count using the Census ZIP-to-county relationship file), so the three counties held 35 of the 210 (our count). Palm Beach County providers billed 13,331 of the 88,147 Florida services in that file (our calculation). Providers with 10 or fewer Medicare patients for a code are not in these counts.

How often do public companies' annual reports mention speech therapy?

Less often than 20 years ago. 21 Form 10-K annual reports filed with the SEC in 2025 used "speech-language pathologist(s)", "speech therapy", "speech therapist(s)" or "speech pathologist(s)", against a peak of 40 in 2004 (our count). Over 2001-2025 the total was 658 filings, 296 of them in 2001-2010 and 204 in 2016-2025 (our count). They came from 144 different companies; home health company Amedisys filed the most (25), then staffing firm AMN Healthcare (24) (our count). Health-services companies filed 354 of the 658; staffing firms 47, healthcare REITs 43 and insurers 46 (our count). We counted distinct 10-K filings per filing year with the SEC's EDGAR full-text search on 2026-11-05. The counts are filings, not companies or mentions, and a passing mention in a Medicare-rules paragraph counts the same as a business description. Private companies, including most teletherapy sellers, and foreign issuers such as Tobii Dynavox file no 10-K. The yearly counts and the filer list are in the CSVs linked below.

What do school-staffing companies say about speech-language pathologists?

Three listed staffing firms named school speech-language pathologists in their latest annual reports, but none gave a headcount. Cross Country Healthcare places speech language pathologists with schools alongside special education providers, behavioral aides and occupational therapists (fiscal 2025 10-K) (Cross Country 10-K). Its 10-K cites NCES projections that about 7.9 million students ages 3 to 21, about 15% of public school students, received IDEA special education services in 2025 (Cross Country 10-K). AMN Healthcare's school offering pairs a teletherapy platform, Televate, with school SLPs, psychologists and nurses (AMN 10-K), and it lists speech pathologists among the allied professionals it places (AMN 10-K). AMN's nurse and allied revenue fell 9% in 2025 as its average number of travelers on assignment fell 14% (AMN 10-K); that segment covers far more than school SLPs. RCM Technologies says its teletherapy lets students receive Speech-Language Therapy and other special education services online (RCM 10-K), and it places speech-language pathologists with school districts (RCM 10-K). Kelly Services bought Children's Therapy Center, a children's occupational, physical and speech therapy provider, on November 13, 2024 for a purchase price of $3.3 million before adjustments (Kelly 10-K). These are the companies' own descriptions of what they sell.

How big are the listed outpatient rehabilitation chains?

Select Medical ran 1,917 outpatient rehabilitation clinics in 39 states and D.C. at the end of 2025 (Select Medical 10-K), with 11,517,388 patient visits in 2025, up 3.3% (Select Medical 10-K), and revenue of $100 per visit (Select Medical 10-K). The clinics offer physical, occupational and speech rehabilitation, and the 10-K does not split clinics or visits by discipline. The outpatient segment employed about 11,500 people, with services provided by physical therapists, occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists (Select Medical 10-K). Select's critical illness recovery hospitals employed about 16,600 people (Select Medical 10-K) and its rehabilitation hospitals about 14,600 (Select Medical 10-K), both naming speech therapists among their main staff. U.S. Physical Therapy owned or managed 780 clinics in 44 states (USPH 10-K) and had 6,150,104 patient visits in 2025 (USPH 10-K); it is mostly physical therapy but bought a home-care speech and occupational therapy practice on April 30, 2025 (USPH 10-K). All visit counts here cover PT, OT and speech therapy combined.

Select's 10-K also relays the Medicare therapy (KX modifier) threshold for physical therapy and speech therapy combined: $2,330 in 2024, $2,410 in 2025 and $2,480 for 2026 (Select Medical 10-K).

Where do home health and nursing home companies mention speech therapy?

In describing their staff and Medicare rules, rarely with numbers for speech therapy itself. Enhabit says its speech and language therapists treat patients with communication or swallowing difficulties at home; its home health business had an average daily census of 41,786 patients in 2025 (Enhabit 10-K) across 249 agencies in 33 states (Enhabit 10-K). Amedisys had 347 Medicare-certified home health care centers at the end of 2024, its last 10-K before UnitedHealth's Optum bought it (Amedisys 10-K). Aveanna provides pediatric speech therapy with physical and occupational therapy, in clinics and at home (Aveanna 10-K). InnovAge ran 20 PACE centers whose teams include speech therapists (InnovAge 10-K). Ensign Group operated 373 skilled nursing and senior living facilities (Ensign 10-K), PACS Group 321 post-acute facilities serving over 31,700 patients daily (PACS 10-K) and Encompass Health 173 inpatient rehabilitation hospitals (Encompass 10-K). Ensign describes Medicare's nursing-home payment model as having five case-mix components, one of them speech language pathology (Ensign 10-K). None of these filings counts speech-language pathologists.

What do filings say about speech-language pathologists and Medicare telehealth?

That the permission is temporary and keeps being extended. Ensign lists the Medicare flexibility allowing physical therapists, occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists to deliver telehealth (Ensign 10-K). Omega Healthcare Investors' 10-K says Congress extended these flexibilities through December 31, 2027 in the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2026 (Omega 10-K). Practice-software seller EverCommerce lists speech therapists among the health verticals it serves (EverCommerce 10-K).

What did the one listed AAC device maker report?

DynaVox, a maker of speech-generating devices, filed 10-Ks until 2013. Speech-generating products were approximately 84% of its net sales in the fiscal year to June 2013 (DynaVox 10-K). Its net sales fell 10.0% in fiscal 2012 and 33.3% in fiscal 2013, which it put down to tighter school and government funding together with tablet computers (DynaVox 10-K). It said most devices were marketed to speech language pathologists because funding rules require a licensed SLP to evaluate, recommend and authorize the device (DynaVox 10-K).

Where do speech-language pathologists work?

About half work in schools. At year-end 2024, 49.6% of ASHA-certified SLPs reported schools as their main facility and 40.4% health care settings, according to the 2025 ASHA Member and Affiliate Profile (ASHA). The profile counts ASHA's own member records, so it covers certified SLPs who reported each field, not every licensed SLP. In the same records, 24.8% of SLPs worked full or part time in private practice (ASHA).

Among health care SLPs, outpatient clinics or offices were the main facility for 39.8% (weighted) in ASHA's 2025 SLP Health Care Survey (ASHA). 31.5% of health care clinicians said some of their current work was in private practice, rising to 57.7% of those in outpatient clinics or offices (ASHA 2025 SLP Health Care Survey).

How big is a school SLP's caseload?

The median full-time school SLP clinician served 50 students a month in spring 2026, according to ASHA's 2026 Schools Survey (n = 3,872) (ASHA 2026 caseload report). The same SLPs said 40 would be manageable (ASHA). In Florida the median actual caseload was 65, against 50 the respondents considered manageable (ASHA). School clinicians spent an average of 21 hours a week on direct intervention and 5 hours on documentation (ASHA), and 82% were involved in Medicaid billing (ASHA). The 2024 survey, with a 25.7% response rate (ASHA 2024 Schools Survey), also reported a median caseload of 50.

What do school SLPs earn, as ASHA reports it?

The median full-time salary for a 9-10 month school year was $79,000 in ASHA's 2026 Schools Survey (ASHA 2026 salary report); the mean was $83,854 (ASHA). These are self-reported salaries of ASHA-certified SLPs, not payroll records, and differ from government wage estimates.

What do health care SLPs earn, as ASHA reports it?

Salaried full-time health care SLPs who mainly see patients reported a median of $85,900 in ASHA's 2025 SLP Health Care Survey (ASHA 2025 salary report). Only 37% of respondents were paid mainly by annual salary; the rest were paid by the hour or visit. By facility, the median was lowest in outpatient clinics or offices, $83,000, and highest in skilled nursing facilities, $105,500 (ASHA). In Florida the median was $82,500 (ASHA), one of 13 states with at least 25 respondents.

Health care SLPs work under productivity targets. Their median productivity requirement was 80% in 2025, the same as in every ASHA health care survey since 2015, and 60% of clinicians had one (ASHA Practice Trends 2015-2025).

Is there a shortage of speech-language pathologists?

Most surveyed SLPs see more openings than candidates. In ASHA's 2026 Schools Survey, 67.9% of school clinicians rated their local job market as having more job openings than job seekers (n = 4,119) (ASHA 2026 Schools Survey), down from 79% in 2024 (ASHA 2024 workforce report). The two surveys had different response rates (17.0% and 25.7%). In 2024, 34% of school SLPs were considering changing their work setting and 27% were considering leaving the profession because of burnout (ASHA).

In health care, 56% of SLPs reported more job openings than job seekers in 2025 (ASHA 2025 workforce report), and 44% of clinicians said their facility had funded, unfilled SLP positions, 57% in pediatric hospitals (ASHA).

How common are voice, speech and language disorders in the United States?

About 1 in 14, or 7.2 percent, of U.S. children ages 3-17 had a voice, speech or language disorder in the past 12 months, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), which draws the figure from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NIDCD). The underlying NCHS data brief, which also counts swallowing problems, put any communication disorder at 7.7 percent of children that year, with speech problems the most common type at 5.0 percent (NCHS Data Brief 205). Both figures rest on parents' answers in a 2012 household survey; no newer national survey of the same questions has been published.

Not every child with a disorder gets help. NIDCD reports that 59.7 percent of children ages 3-17 with a voice, speech or language disorder received intervention services in the past year, from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NIDCD). In the NCHS brief on the same 2012 survey, 60.1 percent of non-Hispanic white children with a communication disorder received an intervention service, against 45.8 percent of non-Hispanic black and 47.3 percent of Hispanic children, and teenagers aged 11-17 were least likely to be served, at 42.6 percent (NCHS).

What does the research say about speech and language therapy?

For aphasia after stroke, a 2016 Cochrane review of 57 randomised trials with 3002 participants found speech and language therapy improved functional communication, reading, writing and expressive language compared with no therapy, with a standardised mean difference of 0.28 for functional communication; the benefits were not evident at follow-up, based on smaller numbers (Cochrane, Brady et al.). Later trials tested dose and delivery. The table lists what each found, with the authors' own hedges.

Screening is a separate question. In January 2024 the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued an I statement: the evidence is insufficient to assess the benefits and harms of screening children 5 years or younger who show no signs and whose parents have no concerns (USPSTF, JAMA). Its evidence review found 38 studies with 9,006 children and no study comparing screening with no screening; two Lidcombe trials found 2.3% to 3.0% fewer syllables stuttered at 9 months, delivered in clinic and by telehealth (JAMA evidence review).

Does speech therapy by video work as well as in person?

In the trials published so far, outcomes by video have matched in-person care, but the trials are few and small. A 2024 meta-analysis found 9 randomised trials comparing live telehealth with face-to-face speech-language pathology, eight of them by video, and no significant difference in syllables stuttered up to 18 months or in voice loudness for Parkinson's disease (J Telemed Telecare, Scott et al.). The authors name the small number of trials and the lack of data on quality of life, satisfaction and cost as the main limits.

• Post-stroke aphasia: five studies with 132 participants found comparable gains in comprehension, naming and functional communication, from evidence the authors rate as low quality (2021) (J Commun Disord).
• Children 12 or younger: a 2026 meta-analysis of 7 studies found telepractice effect sizes equal to or larger than in-person ones (J Telemed Telecare).
• Parkinson's disease: in a 2016 Australian noninferiority trial of 31 randomised participants, online LSVT LOUD delivered to the home was noninferior to face-to-face treatment (AJSLP).
• Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC): a 2022 review found six teleinterventions with 25 participants in total, all reporting more independent device use than at baseline (Dev Med Child Neurol).

Recorded video has also been tested as a therapy tool. In a 2010 Australian trial of 89 adults and adolescents after intensive stuttering treatment, watching stutter-free videos of themselves daily for a month did not change syllables stuttered, but satisfaction with fluency was 20% better at 6 months (JSLHR).

How reliable is speech, stuttering and swallowing content on YouTube and social media?

Quality varies by platform, topic and who posts. A 2025 study of the 100 most-liked stuttering videos on Douyin, China's version of TikTok, classed 74% as misleading and 4% as useful, and found misleading videos were more likely to be liked (IJLCD). On Arabic-language Instagram, non-clinical sources produced 77.4% of 500 stuttering posts, and posts with non-evidence-based advice drew more likes (J Fluency Disord). When speech and language therapists rated YouTube and Instagram stuttering videos, those made by therapists scored as more reliable and of higher quality than those by adults who stutter or non-experts (p < .001), while videos by adults who stutter drew more positive comments (J Fluency Disord).

These are small cross-sectional samples, each rated at one point in time with tools such as DISCERN, the Global Quality Score and PEMAT, so they describe what a search returned on the study date rather than a platform as a whole.

What does Florida require for a speech-language pathologist licence?

Florida requires a master's degree (or the academic part of a doctorate) in speech-language pathology, at least 9 months of full-time supervised professional employment, and a passing national exam score, under part I of chapter 468 of the 2026 Florida Statutes (Florida Statutes s. 468.1165). Applicants who cannot yet document the 9 months and the exam score must first hold a provisional licence; the provisional-licence section repeats the 9 months requirement (s. 468.1155). The Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology's rule defines the 9 months as 30 hours a week for 36 weeks (Fla. Admin. Code 64B20-2.004).

The Board's education rule, as reproduced by Cornell's Legal Information Institute, sets the coursework and clinic hours. Applicants who enrolled after January 5, 2005 need at least 75 semester hours, 36 of them at graduate level (64B20-2.002), and at least 300 clock hours of supervised clinical practicum, 200 of them in speech-language pathology (64B20-2.002). The licensing exam is the ETS Praxis in speech-language pathology, and the passing score must be no more than 3 years old when the application is filed (64B20-2.005). An out-of-state SLP practising in Florida under the interstate compact in s. 468.1335 is exempt from these licensure requirements (s. 468.1185).

The Board itself has seven members appointed by the governor, two of them practising SLPs (s. 468.1135).

How much are Florida's SLP licence fees?

Florida's Board charges a $75.00 nonrefundable application fee for every licence and certificate (64B20-3.0001), an initial active licence fee of $200.00 (with a $100.00 provisional licence fee), and a biennial renewal fee of $75.00 (64B20-3.0001). An SLP assistant certificate costs $50.00 to issue and $50.00 to renew (64B20-3.0001). The statute sets ceilings above these amounts:

How many continuing education hours do Florida SLPs need?

A Florida-licensed SLP must complete 30 credit hours of Board-approved continuing education every two years, 20 of them clinically related and 2 on preventing medical errors (64B20-6.001). A person licensed as both an SLP and an audiologist needs 50 credit hours (64B20-6.001), and a certified SLP assistant needs 20 hours of clinically related education (64B20-6.001). The statute lets the Board require up to 60 hours per two-year cycle in each area of licensure (s. 468.1195).

What are Florida's rules for speech-language pathology assistants?

A Florida SLP assistant certificate requires a bachelor's degree that includes at least 24 semester hours of Board-approved coursework (s. 468.1215). The Board's rule splits that into 9 semester hours on normal development of speech, hearing and language and 15 semester hours on disorders, phonetics, articulation, screening and therapy (64B20-4.002).

One licensed SLP may supervise no more than 2 full-time or 3 part-time assistants (64B20-4.004). The supervisor reviews the assistant's performance quarterly in the first year, then annually, and keeps the reviews for 4 years (64B20-4.004). Assistants work under direct supervision, meaning the SLP is in the same facility, unless both have signed a Board-approved collaborative practice protocol; that protocol, effective in 2020, requires the supervising SLP to be reachable by synchronous telecommunication (64B20-4.0045).

Can speech-language pathologists treat Florida patients by telehealth?

Yes. Florida's telehealth statute names practitioners licensed under part I of chapter 468, the speech-language pathology and audiology act, as telehealth providers, along with those licensed through a multistate compact Florida belongs to (Florida Statutes s. 456.47). A professional not licensed in Florida may treat a patient located in Florida by telehealth after registering with the applicable board, under subsection 4 of the same section (s. 456.47).

What does the ASHA CCC-SLP require?

The Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP) is a national credential issued by ASHA's Council for Clinical Certification (CFCC); ASHA is both the professional association and, through the CFCC, the certifier, and the credential is separate from a state licence. Its current standards took effect in 2020 (ASHA). They require:

• A graduate programme of at least 36 semester credit hours (ASHA Standard III).
• At least 400 clock hours of supervised clinical experience: 25 hours of guided observation and 375 of direct client contact (ASHA Standard V-C). At least 325 of those hours must be earned in a CAA-accredited graduate programme (Standard V-D), and up to 125 contact hours may come through telepractice (Standard V-C).
• A passing national exam score earned no earlier than 5 years before applying (Standard VI). ASHA's passing score is 162 on a 100-200 scale (ASHA). The exam moves from ETS to PSI in 2027, with the passing standard unchanged (ASHA).
• A clinical fellowship of no less than 36 weeks full time (Standard VII-A), defined as 35 hours a week for a minimum of 1,260 hours (Standard VII-A). For fellowships starting on or after January 1, 2023, up to 25% of direct contact hours may be telepractice (Standard VII-A).
• To keep the credential, at least 30 professional development hours every 3 years, including 1 hour of ethics (Standard VIII).

What is the Medicare therapy threshold for speech therapy in 2026?

For 2026 the Medicare KX modifier threshold is $2,480 per beneficiary for physical therapy and speech-language pathology combined, set by CMS in the CY 2026 physician fee schedule final rule (Federal Register). CMS's Therapy Services page prints the same amount, $2,480 (CMS). Since 2018 the old therapy cap works as a threshold, not a limit: above it, claims must carry the KX modifier confirming the care is medically necessary, and claims without it are denied (42 CFR 410.60). Speech-language pathology shares one amount with physical therapy; occupational therapy has its own. Above $3,000 a year, claims can be picked for targeted medical review, a level fixed through 2027 and indexed from 2028 (Federal Register). From 2012 through 2017 the review threshold was $3,700 (42 CFR 410.60), and the original 1999-2001 limit was $1,500 (42 CFR 410.60).

When does Medicare Part B cover outpatient speech therapy?

Medicare Part B pays for outpatient speech-language pathology only when a qualified SLP furnishes it to a beneficiary under a physician's care and under a written plan of treatment (42 CFR 410.62). An SLP in private practice may bill Medicare only for services in the practice's own private practice office space or in the patient's home, not in a hospital or skilled nursing facility (42 CFR 410.62).

Can speech-language pathologists bill Medicare for telehealth?

Through December 31, 2027, under current law. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 extended the wider list of Medicare telehealth practitioners from January 30, 2026 to December 31, 2027 (CMS, Federal Register). CMS's final CY 2027 rule, filed for public inspection on November 4, 2026, writes occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech-language pathologists and audiologists into its telehealth regulation through 2027 (CMS final rule).

Which speech therapy billing codes change in 2027?

CPT 92507, the single code for individual speech, language, voice and communication treatment, is being replaced in 2027 by 10 disorder-specific codes, according to CMS's final CY 2027 fee schedule (CMS final rule). The new codes split fluency, speech sound production, language, combined speech-and-language, and voice or resonance treatment, each into an initial 30 minutes and each additional 15 minutes. CMS also created a separate code for patients up to age 21, HCPCS G0903 (proposed as GSLPP), with a work value of 1.30 RVUs, equal to 60 minutes of the old 92507 (CMS final rule). Group treatment stays on CPT 92508, with a work value of 0.28 RVUs (CMS final rule). The final rule was filed for public inspection on November 4, 2026, ahead of its Federal Register publication.

How does IDEA define speech or language impairment?

IDEA's Part B regulations define speech or language impairment, in 34 CFR 300.8(c)(11), as a communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance (34 CFR 300.8). Speech-language pathology is a related service under 300.34(c)(15): identification, diagnosis and appraisal, referral, provision of services, and counselling of parents, children and teachers (34 CFR 300.34). Part C lists speech-language pathology among early intervention services in 303.13(b)(15) (34 CFR 303.13) for infants and toddlers under age 3 (34 CFR 303.21).

Which federal rules cover patient testimonial videos?

The FTC's revised Endorsement Guides, 16 CFR Part 255, took effect in 2023 and apply to testimonials in ads, including patient or parent testimonial videos for a speech therapy practice (Federal Register).

How many states are in the speech-language pathology interstate compact?

As of November 2026, 37 jurisdictions (36 states and 1 territory) have enacted legislation to join the Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact (ASLP-IC), according to the compact's own commission (ASLP-IC Commission). Only 4 of them were issuing compact privileges; 33 had enacted the compact but were not yet issuing (ASLP-IC compact map). Another 3 jurisdictions had compact bills active and 16 had none (ASLP-IC compact map).

The compact text, identical in every member state, made the compact effective once no fewer than 10 member states had enacted it (Florida Statutes s. 468.1335, Article XII). A compact privilege works like a licence in each remote member state. To hold one, an SLP needs an active home-state licence and no adverse action against any licence in the previous 2 years (Article IV). Member states must also recognise compact-privilege practice through telehealth, under Article V of the compact (s. 468.1335).

Which states issue ASLP-IC compact privileges?

As of November 2026, registration for compact privileges was open only to SLPs and audiologists licensed in Louisiana, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginia (ASLP-IC Commission). The commission's CompactConnect data system launched in 2025 (ASLP-IC status update), and the compact began issuing privileges in 2025: Louisiana and West Virginia on October 28, 2025, Ohio on February 9, 2026 and Tennessee on May 28, 2026 (ASLP-IC status update).

Each privilege carries a $50 ASLP-IC fee plus a state fee. In the commission's table (current as of May 28, 2026), Tennessee charged $150 and required a jurisprudence exam, Ohio and West Virginia $25 and Louisiana $50 (ASLP-IC fee table).

Is Florida in the ASLP-IC?

Yes, Florida is a member, but it was not yet issuing privileges as of November 2026. Florida enacted the compact as s. 468.1335 of the Florida Statutes in 2024, through chapter 2024-15, Laws of Florida (Florida Statutes). The commission's fee table listed Florida as "not yet" accepting compact applications, listing a Florida state fee of $5 on top of the $50 ASLP-IC fee (ASLP-IC fee table). Separately, Florida's telehealth statute, s. 456.47, lets out-of-state professionals register to treat patients located in Florida by telehealth (see above).

What do the popular speech numbers really say?

Four kinds of numbers turn up again and again in posts about children's speech and in advice to speech therapy practices about video. Three of them come from real surveys, studies or checklists but are quoted without their own limits or after the source has changed. One is a single vendor's client test. Each claim below gives the number as repeated, where it came from and what the sources measured. We ran exact-phrase searches on each figure and its older wordings, read archived editions of the agency and foundation pages in the Internet Archive and pulled the journal abstracts through PubMed's E-utilities.

"1 in 12 children has a speech disorder"

Where it came from. The figure comes from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey, which carried a child communication disorders supplement built and co-funded by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). The National Center for Health Statistics published the result in June 2015: in 2012, 7.7% of U.S. children aged 3 to 17 had a communication disorder in the past 12 months (NCHS Data Brief 205, 2015). "Communication disorder" there means a speech, language, voice or swallowing problem. Speech problems were the most common type, at 5.0%, and swallowing problems the least common, at 0.9% (NCHS, 2015).

What was actually asked. One child was picked at random in each sampled family, and an adult in the household, usually a parent, answered for that child. A child counted as having a speech problem if the adult said yes to whether, in the past 12 months, the child had a problem speaking, such as making speech sounds correctly or stuttering, that lasted for a week or longer (NCHS, 2015). NCHS states that the disorders were parent-reported and not necessarily diagnosed by a doctor or health professional (NCHS, 2015).

How it became "1 in 12". NIDCD's news item of June 11, 2015 turned 7.7% into "nearly 1 in 12 children ages 3-17" with a disorder related to voice, speech, language or swallowing (NIDCD, 2015). The same item said 55.2 percent of those children had received treatment in the past year (NIDCD, 2015). NIDCD's Quick Statistics page carried the sentence for almost a decade. Its December 2016 edition read "nearly 1 in 12 (7.7 percent)" (NIDCD, 2016 capture), and its capture of July 7, 2025 still read "nearly 1 in 12 (7.7%)" (NIDCD, July 2025 capture).

What NIDCD says now. By the capture of July 29, 2025, NIDCD had changed the headline to "approximately 1 in 14 (7.2%)" U.S. children ages 3 to 17 with a disorder related to voice, speech or language, from the same 2012 survey (NIDCD Quick Statistics). A note under the source says the survey covered swallowing too, but only voice, speech, and language are relevant to NIDCD's current mission (NIDCD). On that narrower base, 59.7% of the children received intervention services in the past year (NIDCD).

How repeaters word it. A 2019 article in Frontiers for Young Minds told young readers that "1 out of every 12 children has a form of speech-language disorder", dropping voice, swallowing and the survey's scope (Frontiers for Young Minds, 2019). St. Cloud State University's speech clinic page still prints "nearly 1 in 12" (St. Cloud State University). A July 2026 statistics roundup by VoxBooster, a voice-software seller, gave 7.7% a year after NIDCD replaced it (VoxBooster, 2026). An August 2025 parent guide credited "approximately 1 in 12" to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, which did not run the survey (Aspire Spectrum, 2025).

What the sources support. The figure is a 2012 parent-report estimate of any speech, language, voice or swallowing problem lasting a week or more in the past year, among U.S. children aged 3 to 17. It is not a count of diagnosed speech disorders. NIDCD's own current figure is 1 in 14 (7.2%), without swallowing. The share with a speech problem alone was 5.0%.

"Toddlers should say 50 words by age 2"

The claim as repeated. Expressable, a speech teletherapy seller, tells parents that by age 2 "most toddlers can say around 50 words" (Expressable, 2025). A May 2025 Happiest Baby article listed "Say 50 or more words" among things most 2-year-olds do and credited the list to the CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics (Happiest Baby, 2025). The same article said that, according to the CDC, AAP and ASHA, parents may want to check in with a pediatrician if a child says fewer than 50 words at age 2 (Happiest Baby, 2025).

Where it came from. The 50-word line is a screening cut-off for delay. Leslie Rescorla's 1989 paper on the Language Development Survey, a parent vocabulary checklist, found that a criterion of fewer than 50 words or no word combinations at 2 years gave very low false positive and false negative rates for identifying language delay (Rescorla, 1989). That is a definition of a late talker, not a description of a typical 2-year-old. The normative study of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories drew on parent reports for 1,803 children aged 8 to 30 months and found extensive variability in vocabulary growth from child to child (Fenson et al., 1994).

What the CDC checklist said before 2022. The CDC's older Learn the Signs. Act Early. checklist for age 2 listed "Says sentences with 2 to 4 words" and gave no word count (CDC, 2021 capture). Its 18-month checklist told parents to act early if a child didn't have at least 6 words (CDC, 2021 capture).

What the 2022 revision changed. A CDC-funded American Academy of Pediatrics working group revised the checklists in 2022. It placed each milestone at the age by which most children, 75% or more, would be expected to reach it, rather than the median age (Zubler et al., 2022). The revision cut the previous CDC milestones by 26.4% and replaced 40.9% of them, adding 15- and 30-month checklists (Zubler et al., 2022). In its table, "Says about 50 words" is a new milestone at 30 months (Zubler et al., 2022), and the 24-month language milestone is "Says at least 2 words together, like More milk" (Zubler et al., 2022). The CDC's current 2-year checklist reads "Says at least two words together" with no word count (CDC, 2026 capture), and its 30-month checklist reads "Says about 50 words" (CDC, 2026 capture).

Where the sources disagree. ASHA, the professional association and certifier for speech-language pathologists, still lists "uses and understands at least 50 different words" in its 19-to-24-month milestones (ASHA). ASHA says its checklist shows the ages by which at least 75% of American English-speaking children have developed each skill (ASHA), the same rule the CDC and AAP used. The two bodies apply the same rule and still place 50 words six months apart.

What the sources support. Fewer than 50 words at 2 years is a research cut-off for screening, from 1989. Since 2022 the CDC and AAP list two-word combinations at 2 years and about 50 words at 30 months. ASHA keeps 50 words in its 19-to-24-month range. None of these sources says most 2-year-olds say 50 or more words in the CDC's name.

"1% of people stutter, 5% of children stutter, 75-80% recover"

The claim as repeated. NIDCD says more than 3 million Americans, about 1%, stutter (NIDCD Quick Statistics). Its stuttering page says approximately 5 to 10 percent of children stutter for some period (NIDCD) and that approximately 75 percent of children recover (NIDCD). A 2019 University of Mississippi Medical Center article quoted a researcher giving about 5 percent of preschoolers and about 80 percent outgrowing stuttering on their own, while noting that data vary from study to study (UMMC, 2019). A 1998 American Family Physician review said almost 80 percent of children who stutter recover fluency by age 16 (American Family Physician, 1998). Expressable, a teletherapy seller, gives 5% to 10% of children and about 75% outgrowing it (Expressable, 2026).

How the Stuttering Foundation's figures grew. The Stuttering Foundation's FAQ now says more than 80 million people worldwide stutter, about 1% of the population, which in the United States is over 3 million Americans (Stuttering Foundation). Its archived FAQ of December 2004 already said "over three million Americans stutter or approximately 1% of the population" (Stuttering Foundation, 2004 capture); the August 2000 capture of the same page gave no figures. In 2004 the children's answer was "some 20 percent" going through a stage of disfluency that concerned parents (Stuttering Foundation, 2004 capture). By 2008 it had added the line still printed today: approximately 5 percent of all children go through a period of stuttering lasting six months or more, and three-quarters recover by late childhood (Stuttering Foundation). The worldwide count was 68 million in 2012 and 70 million in 2015 (Stuttering Foundation, 2012 capture). The 1% stayed fixed while the counts followed population. The foundation's risk-factor page says between 75% and 80% of children who begin stuttering will begin to show improvement within 12 to 24 months without therapy (Stuttering Foundation), which is not the same as full recovery.

What the studies measured. Yairi and Ambrose followed 84 preschool children in Illinois for at least four years from near the onset of stuttering and estimated 74% recovery and 26% persistence (Yairi and Ambrose, 1999). Their 2013 review concluded that lifetime incidence may be higher than the 5% commonly cited and average prevalence lower than the commonly held 1% (Yairi and Ambrose, 2013). Using an 8.5% incidence and the traditional 1% prevalence, they calculated a recovery rate of 88.3% (Yairi and Ambrose, 2013). A household survey across all ages in New South Wales, Australia found a prevalence of 0.72%, with stuttering confirmed from a taped speech sample (Craig et al., 2002). In the Early Language in Victoria cohort of 1,619 Melbourne children followed from 8 months, 11.2% had begun stuttering by age 4 (Reilly et al., 2013). Only 9 of 142, or 6.3%, recovered within 12 months of onset (Reilly et al., 2013).

What the sources support. "1%" is a rough prevalence (people who stutter now), and "3 million" is that 1% applied to the U.S. population, not a count. "5%" is an older incidence figure (people who ever stuttered); newer cohorts find 8% to 11% by early childhood. Recovery estimates run from about 74% in the Illinois study to 88% in the 2013 review's calculation, over several years. Recovery within the first year is far lower.

"Video lifts conversions 80%"

Where it came from. The trail starts with EyeView, which made and tested videos for its clients. A blog post of December 4, 2008 said visitors to eToro's site who viewed EyeView's video were 20% more likely to download the product, comparing viewers with non-viewers who chose for themselves whether to watch (EyeView, 2009 capture). The first 80% we found is in a post of February 10, 2009: viewers of EyeView's videos for UMOO were 80% more likely to become depositing users, the same kind of comparison (EyeView, 2010 capture). In November 2009 an EyeView post quoted a TutorVista manager saying the first test on one landing page boosted conversion by over 80 percent (EyeView, 2009 capture). EyeView's TutorVista case study gave 86 percent for a page with an autoplaying video for first-time visitors (EyeView, 2010 capture).

How it changed. EyeView's 2010 white paper said that "in some cases" the boost was over 80% (EyeView white paper). It reported the eToro split test, earlier told as 20%, as almost 32 percent (EyeView white paper). By August 2010 Unbounce, a landing-page software seller, wrote that "a study by eyeviewdigital.com shows that using video on landing pages can increase conversion by 80%" (Unbounce, 2010 capture). That dropped "in some cases" and the single-client scope.

What to use instead. Unbounce later looked at about 35,000 of its customers' landing pages in each of three periods from late 2020 to early 2021 (Unbounce). It found in August 2021 that video had a minimal or negative effect on conversion, whatever the page's goal (Unbounce). We searched speech therapy and speech-language pathology marketing guides for the 80% figure and found no repeat of it. Neither study looked at speech therapy practices. A practice that wants a number for its own site needs its own test: the same page with and without the video, shown to visitors at random.

Every popular claim our research pages trace, 763 in all, is on one page: popular video statistics, fact-checked.

How we built this page

We started from the questions people search for about speech therapy video statistics and looked for the organization that actually produced each answer. Every figure on this page sits in an evidence ledger with its source, the exact table or paragraph it came from, the measurement period, the population measured, and the date we checked it. This edition holds 623 figures from 74 publishers.

On November 5, 2026, each sourced figure on this page was re-fetched with the fetch cache cleared and matched against the recorded wording: BLS occupation wage estimates (through the BLS data API), Employment Projections and the Occupational Outlook Handbook (bls.gov pages through Internet Archive copies, because bls.gov refuses automated requests), the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages; Census County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics and the 2022 Economic Census (through the Census data API) and the 2022 NAICS Manual; CMS’s Medicare Physician and Other Practitioners and provider enrolment files (through CMS’s data API), its methodology notes and therapy pages; the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations through eCFR; Florida’s speech-language pathology statutes, the Board’s rules (through Cornell’s Legal Information Institute) and the Department of Health’s annual reports; the ASLP-IC Commission’s pages; ASHA’s certification standards, member counts and survey reports; the Council on Academic Accreditation; NCES tables, the U.S. Department of Education’s IDEA report to Congress and state data files (Internet Archive copies, because ed.gov refuses automated requests); NIDCD and NCHS pages; peer-reviewed studies and Cochrane reviews (PubMed abstracts re-read through the National Library of Medicine’s E-utilities, because pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov refuses automated requests); 10-K filings on EDGAR; YouTube’s help pages; teletherapy companies’ own pages; and the pages behind each popular claim. Our licence counts come from Florida’s public licence search and the Washington, Connecticut, Delaware and Colorado open licence files, our Medicare counts from CMS’s public files, our 10-K phrase counts from EDGAR full-text search, our degree counts from IPEDS, and our YouTube figures from the YouTube Data API. We left out the Cochrane Library’s own pages (its robots rules disallow our agent; we cite the PubMed abstracts), Florida Department of Education pages and IDEA state files newer than fall 2019 (refused to scripts and browsers, and not archived), and Medicare speech therapy billed on hospital, nursing facility, home health and rehabilitation agency claims, which CMS does not publish in these files.

We only cite the producer: government agencies, regulators, company filings and official posts, and the survey owner's own report. We do not cite statistics roundups, Statista-style aggregators, or salary sites without a public method. We did not bypass paywalls or sign-up forms; where a full report was gated, we used only the figures its publisher states publicly.

Figures marked "our calculation" are arithmetic on the cited numbers, and anyone can reproduce them:

This edition contains no Mark Studios customer data.

Limitations

• Our YouTube read follows YouTube’s ranking. The 463 videos are what YouTube’s search returned for ‘speech therapy’, ‘speech therapist’ and ‘stuttering’ (the top 200 results of each, sorted by views, with no country filter) on November 5, 2026. It is not a census of speech video, view counts are lifetime snapshots that include views from ads, and we sorted 293 channels by hand from their public text. One toddler-learning channel holds 81.8% of all views, so we give speech-language pathologists’ share with and without it.
• Medicare counts cover part of Medicare speech therapy. CMS’s files count Original Medicare Part B professional claims only. Therapy billed by hospital outpatient departments, nursing facilities, home health agencies and rehabilitation agencies, and all Medicare Advantage claims, are missing; the files count units of service, carry no telehealth flag, and leave out any cell with 10 or fewer beneficiaries.
• Job and industry counts miss part of the trade. BLS’s payroll survey leaves out the self-employed and OEWS is not built for year-to-year comparison. Private practices file under NAICS 621340, a code they share with physical and occupational therapists and audiologists, and speech-language pathology assistants have no occupation code of their own.
• Licence counts count paperwork. Florida’s licence search matches some licences to more than one county, county figures can overlap, and each state counts differently, so state totals are not directly comparable. ASHA counts certificate holders, a different list from state licences.
• School counts stop at 2019 for Florida. The U.S. Department of Education’s state files refused automated requests and the newest archived Florida file is for fall 2019; national IDEA figures run to fall 2023.
• Surveys and studies have limits. ASHA’s surveys reach only ASHA-certified SLPs, with response rates of 17% to 26%. Evidence reviews measured particular conditions against particular controls and rate their own certainty; this page reports what each found and recommends no therapy or treatment.
• Company figures are self-reported. Teletherapy companies and app makers publish patient, session and download counts that no one audits.

How to cite this page

For a single figure, cite the original publisher named next to it, and link here if the verification trail is useful to your readers. Each figure has its own anchor, so you can link straight to it, for example https://www.markstudios.com/research/speech-therapy-video-statistics#DRV-205. To cite the page as a whole:

Mark Studios. "Speech Therapy Video Statistics." Last verified Nov 5, 2026. https://www.markstudios.com/research/speech-therapy-video-statistics

@misc{markstudios_speech_therapy_video_statistics_2026,
  author = {{Mark Studios}},
  title = {{Speech Therapy Video Statistics}},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  url = {https://www.markstudios.com/research/speech-therapy-video-statistics},
  note = {Last verified 2026-11-05}
}

Our calculations and the evidence table are free to reuse with attribution and a link to this page. Each underlying figure remains the claim of its original publisher, and some publishers ask for a link when their figures are reused.

Sources

Download the evidence table (CSV)

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38. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), 2025 Demographic Profile of ASHA Certificate Holders by State (2026-02-18). Accessed 2026-11-05.
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40. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Digest of Education Statistics 2015, Table 318.30. Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by sex of student and field: 2013-14 (2015-09). Accessed 2026-11-05.
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66. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-05.
67. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-05.
68. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-05.
69. U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (O*NET), 31-9099.01 - Speech-Language Pathology Assistants (O*NET OnLine summary report) (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
70. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-05.
71. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-05.
72. U.S. Census Bureau (Office of Management and Budget), North American Industry Classification System, United States, 2022 (2022). Accessed 2026-11-05.
73. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2025 annual averages, industry 621340 (CSV) (not stated in CSV (2025 annual file)). Accessed 2026-11-05.
74. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2019 annual averages, industry 621340 (CSV) (not stated in CSV (2019 annual file)). Accessed 2026-11-05.
75. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2020 annual averages, industry 621340 (CSV) (not stated in CSV (2020 annual file)). Accessed 2026-11-05.
76. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-05.
77. U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics: 2024 (Census Data API) (not stated in API response). Accessed 2026-11-05.
78. U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics: 2023 (Census Data API) (not stated in API response). Accessed 2026-11-05.
79. U.S. Census Bureau, Economic Census: 2022, Selected Statistics (Census Data API) (not stated in API response). Accessed 2026-11-05.
80. U.S. Census Bureau, Economic Census: 2022, Product Lines by Industry (Census Data API) (not stated in API response). Accessed 2026-11-05.
81. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-05.
82. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-05.
83. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
84. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2019 (2021-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
85. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Fee-For-Service Provider Utilization & Payment Data, Physician and Other Practitioners Dataset: A Methodological Overview (2025-03). Accessed 2026-11-05.
86. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
87. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
88. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
89. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
90. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
91. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
92. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
93. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2020 (2022-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
94. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2021 (2023-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
95. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2022 (2024-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
96. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2023 (2025-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
97. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2019 (2021-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
98. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2019 (2021-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
99. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2019 (2021-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
100. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
101. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider, 2019 (2021-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
102. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Fee-For-Service Public Provider Enrollment : 2026-10-01 (2026-10-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
103. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Fee-For-Service Public Provider Enrollment : 2026-01-02 (2026-01-02). Accessed 2026-11-05.
104. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2019 (2021-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
105. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
106. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2019 (2021-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
107. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
108. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
109. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Geography and Service, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
110. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider, 2024 (2026-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
111. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners - by Provider, 2019 (2021-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
112. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Fee-For-Service Public Provider Enrollment : 2026-10-01 (2026-10-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
113. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Fee-For-Service Public Provider Enrollment : 2026-01-02 (2026-01-02). Accessed 2026-11-05.
114. Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-03-09). Accessed 2026-11-05.
115. AMN Healthcare Services, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), AMN Healthcare Services, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-02-20). Accessed 2026-11-05.
116. RCM Technologies, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), RCM Technologies, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 3, 2026 (2026-04-03). Accessed 2026-11-05.
117. Kelly Services, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), Kelly Services, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2025 (2026-02-12). Accessed 2026-11-05.
118. Select Medical Holdings Corporation (SEC Form 10-K), Select Medical Holdings Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-02-19). Accessed 2026-11-05.
119. U.S. Physical Therapy, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), U.S. Physical Therapy, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-02-27). Accessed 2026-11-05.
120. Enhabit, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), Enhabit, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-03-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
121. Amedisys, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), Amedisys, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (2025-02-27). Accessed 2026-11-05.
122. Aveanna Healthcare Holdings Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), Aveanna Healthcare Holdings Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 3, 2026 (2026-03-19). Accessed 2026-11-05.
123. InnovAge Holding Corp. (SEC Form 10-K), InnovAge Holding Corp. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026 (2026-09-09). Accessed 2026-11-05.
124. The Ensign Group, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), The Ensign Group, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-02-04). Accessed 2026-11-05.
125. PACS Group, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), PACS Group, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-02-27). Accessed 2026-11-05.
126. Encompass Health Corporation (SEC Form 10-K), Encompass Health Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-02-26). Accessed 2026-11-05.
127. Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-02-09). Accessed 2026-11-05.
128. EverCommerce Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), EverCommerce Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-03-12). Accessed 2026-11-05.
129. DynaVox Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), DynaVox Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 28, 2013 (2013-11-22). Accessed 2026-11-05.
130. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), ASHA 2024 Schools Survey. Survey Summary Report: Numbers and Types of Responses, SLPs (2024-07-03). Accessed 2026-11-05.
131. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), ASHA 2025 SLP Health Care Survey: Annual Salary Report (2025-10-02). Accessed 2026-11-05.
132. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), SLP Health Care Survey Report: Practice Trends 2015-2025 (2025-08-11). Accessed 2026-11-05.
133. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), ASHA 2025 SLP Health Care Survey: Workforce (2025-07-25). Accessed 2026-11-05.
134. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD, NIH), Quick Statistics About Voice, Speech, Language (2025-07-08). Accessed 2026-11-05.
135. National Center for Health Statistics (CDC), Communication Disorders and Use of Intervention Services Among Children Aged 3-17 Years: United States, 2012 (NCHS Data Brief No. 205) (2015-06). Accessed 2026-11-05.
136. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Brady et al., Glasgow Caledonian University), Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016-06-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
137. The Lancet (Breitenstein et al., FCET2EC trial), Intensive speech and language therapy in patients with chronic aphasia after stroke: a randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, controlled trial in a health-care setting (2017-04-15). Accessed 2026-11-05.
138. The Lancet Neurology (Palmer et al., Big CACTUS trial), Self-managed, computerised speech and language therapy for patients with chronic aphasia post-stroke compared with usual care or attention control (Big CACTUS) (2019-09). Accessed 2026-11-05.
139. Stroke (RELEASE Collaborators), Dosage, Intensity, and Frequency of Language Therapy for Aphasia: A Systematic Review-Based, Individual Participant Data Network Meta-Analysis (2022-03). Accessed 2026-11-05.
140. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Law, Garrett and Nye, City University London), Speech and language therapy interventions for children with primary speech and language delay or disorder (2003). Accessed 2026-11-05.
141. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology (Roberts and Kaiser, Vanderbilt University), The effectiveness of parent-implemented language interventions: a meta-analysis (2011-08). Accessed 2026-11-05.
142. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Sjøstrand et al.), Non-pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger (2021-09-09). Accessed 2026-11-05.
143. BMJ (Jones et al.), Randomised controlled trial of the Lidcombe programme of early stuttering intervention (2005-09-24). Accessed 2026-11-05.
144. Journal of Fluency Disorders (Brignell et al.), Interventions for children and adolescents who stutter: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and evidence map (2021-12). Accessed 2026-11-05.
145. Journal of Fluency Disorders (Brignell et al.), A systematic review of interventions for adults who stutter (2020-06). Accessed 2026-11-05.
146. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Bath, Lee and Everton, University of Nottingham), Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke (2018-10-30). Accessed 2026-11-05.
147. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Wilkinson et al.), Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke (2026 update) (2026-08-10). Accessed 2026-11-05.
148. JAMA (US Preventive Services Task Force), Screening for Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (2024-01-23). Accessed 2026-11-05.
149. JAMA (Feltner et al., RTI International-University of North Carolina Evidence-based Practice Center), Screening for Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children 5 Years or Younger: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (2024-01-23). Accessed 2026-11-05.
150. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare (Scott et al., Bond University), Telehealth versus face-to-face delivery of speech language pathology services: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2024-10-10). Accessed 2026-11-05.
151. Journal of Communication Disorders (Cacciante et al.), Telerehabilitation for people with aphasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2021-07). Accessed 2026-11-05.
152. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare (Vanderauwera et al., UCLouvain), The effectiveness of telepractice for speech-language pathology intervention with children younger than 12 years: A meta-analysis (2026-03-18). Accessed 2026-11-05.
153. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology (Theodoros, Hill and Russell, University of Queensland), Clinical and Quality of Life Outcomes of Speech Treatment for Parkinson's Disease Delivered to the Home Via Telerehabilitation: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial (2016-05-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
154. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (Bekteshi et al.), Teleintervention for users of augmentative and alternative communication devices: A systematic review (2022-08-31). Accessed 2026-11-05.
155. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders (Chen et al.), Analysis of the Quality of Stuttering Content on Douyin in China (2025-11). Accessed 2026-11-05.
156. Journal of Fluency Disorders (Adem et al.), Stuttering representation on Arabic-language Instagram: Who speaks and what gains visibility (2026-06-09). Accessed 2026-11-05.
157. Journal of Fluency Disorders (Çavdar et al.), How reliable and useful are social media videos about stuttering? A comprehensive evaluation of content and credibility (2025-03-26). Accessed 2026-11-05.
158. Healthcare (Chang and Park, Yeungnam University), YouTube as a Source of Patient Information Regarding Exercises and Compensated Maneuvers for Dysphagia (2021-08-23). Accessed 2026-11-05.
159. Children (Chang et al., Yeungnam University), The Quality, Reliability, and Accuracy of Videos Regarding Exercises and Management for Dysphagia in Pediatric Populations Uploaded on YouTube (2022-10-04). Accessed 2026-11-05.
160. Journal of Voice (Del Rosario et al.), #Who: Investigation of Who Creates Laryngology Content Posted on Instagram (2022-11-04). Accessed 2026-11-05.
161. OTO Open (Lin et al.), Assessing Laryngectomy Patient Education on YouTube: Investigating Quality and Reliability (2024-01-31). Accessed 2026-11-05.
162. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology (Rasoli Jokar et al.), Stuttering Representation on X: A Detailed Analysis of Content, Sentiment, and Influences (2025-04-30). Accessed 2026-11-05.
163. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology (Lo et al.), Experiences of childhood stroke and aphasia during adolescence: An analysis of YouTube videos (2023-06-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
164. Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 468.1165 Professional employment experience requirement (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
165. Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 468.1155 Provisional license; requirements (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
166. Florida Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology (Florida Administrative Code, via Cornell LII), Fla. Admin. Code Ann. R. 64B20-2.004 - Professional Employment Experience (2025-07-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
167. Florida Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology (Florida Administrative Code, via Cornell LII), Fla. Admin. Code Ann. R. 64B20-2.002 - Educational Requirements (2025-07-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
168. Florida Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology (Florida Administrative Code, via Cornell LII), Fla. Admin. Code Ann. R. 64B20-2.005 - Examination (2025-07-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
169. Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 468.1185 Licensure (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
170. Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 468.1135 Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
171. Florida Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology (Florida Administrative Code, via Cornell LII), Fla. Admin. Code Ann. R. 64B20-3.0001 - Fees (2025-07-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
172. Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 468.1145 Fees; establishment; disposition (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
173. Florida Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology (Florida Administrative Code, via Cornell LII), Fla. Admin. Code Ann. R. 64B20-6.001 - Continuing Education as a Condition for Renewal or Reactivation (2025-07-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
174. Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 468.1195 Renewal of license or certificate; continuing education requirements (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
175. Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 468.1215 Speech-language pathology assistant and audiology assistant; certification (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
176. Florida Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology (Florida Administrative Code, via Cornell LII), Fla. Admin. Code Ann. R. 64B20-4.002 - Educational Requirements for Assistants (2025-07-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
177. Florida Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology (Florida Administrative Code, via Cornell LII), Fla. Admin. Code Ann. R. 64B20-4.004 - Supervision of Speech-Language Pathology Assistants and Audiology Assistants (2025-07-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
178. Florida Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology (Florida Administrative Code, via Cornell LII), Fla. Admin. Code Ann. R. 64B20-4.0045 - Board Established and Approved Protocols for Speech-Language Pathology Assistants (2025-07-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
179. The Florida Senate (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 456.47 Use of telehealth to provide services (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
180. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Council for Clinical Certification (CFCC), 2020 Standards and Implementation Procedures for the Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (2020-01-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
181. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Council for Clinical Certification (CFCC), About the National Speech-Language Pathology Examination (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
182. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (Federal Register), Medicare Program; CY 2026 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule (final rule) (2025-11-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
183. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Therapy Services (2026-02). Accessed 2026-11-05.
184. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 42 CFR 410.60 Outpatient physical therapy services: Conditions (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
185. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (Federal Register), Medicare Program; CY 2019 Revisions to Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule (final rule) (2018-11-23). Accessed 2026-11-05.
186. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (Federal Register), Medicare Program; CY 2020 Revisions to Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule (final rule) (2019-11-15). Accessed 2026-11-05.
187. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (Federal Register), Medicare Program; CY 2022 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule (final rule) (2021-11-19). Accessed 2026-11-05.
188. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (Federal Register), Medicare Program; CY 2023 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule (final rule) (2022-11-18). Accessed 2026-11-05.
189. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (Federal Register), Medicare Program; CY 2024 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule (final rule) (2023-11-16). Accessed 2026-11-05.
190. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (Federal Register), Medicare Program; CY 2025 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule (final rule) (2024-12-09). Accessed 2026-11-05.
191. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (Federal Register), Medicare and Medicaid Programs: Calendar Year 2027 Payment Policies under the Physician Fee Schedule (final rule, public inspection copy) (2026-11-04). Accessed 2026-11-05.
192. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 42 CFR 410.62 Outpatient speech-language pathology services: Conditions and exclusions (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
193. U.S. Department of Education (via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 34 CFR 300.8 Child with a disability (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
194. U.S. Department of Education (via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 34 CFR 300.34 Related services (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
195. U.S. Department of Education (via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 34 CFR 303.13 Early intervention services (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
196. U.S. Department of Education (via eCFR, Office of the Federal Register), 34 CFR 303.21 Infant or toddler with a disability (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
197. Federal Trade Commission (Federal Register), Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising (2023-07-26). Accessed 2026-11-05.
198. Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact (ASLP-IC) Commission, ASLP Compact home page (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
199. Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact (ASLP-IC) Commission, Compact Map (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
200. Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 468.1335 Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact (2026). Accessed 2026-11-05.
201. Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact (ASLP-IC) Commission, Compact Privilege Status Update (2026-05-28). Accessed 2026-11-05.
202. Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact (ASLP-IC) Commission, State Fee and Jurisprudence Requirements (PDF) (2026-05-28). Accessed 2026-11-05.
203. National Center for Health Statistics (CDC/NCHS; Black, Vahratian and Hoffman), NCHS Data Brief No. 205: Communication Disorders and Use of Intervention Services Among Children Aged 3-17 Years: United States, 2012 (2015-06). Accessed 2026-11-05.
204. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD, NIH; co-funded the survey supplement), About 1 in 12 children has a disorder related to voice, speech, language, or swallowing (2015-06-11). Accessed 2026-11-05.
205. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD, NIH), Quick Statistics About Voice, Speech, Language (2016 (capture 2016-12-30)). Accessed 2026-11-05.
206. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD, NIH), Quick Statistics About Voice, Speech, Language (2025 (capture 2025-07-07)). Accessed 2026-11-05.
207. Frontiers for Young Minds (journal for young readers; repeater), What Is Speech Therapy and How Does It Help? (2019-02-06). Accessed 2026-11-05.
208. St. Cloud State University Communication Sciences and Disorders clinic (university clinic; repeater), Our Services for Children (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-05.
209. VoxBooster (voice-changer software seller; repeater), Speech therapy statistics 2026 (2026-07-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
210. Aspire Spectrum (parent-guide blog; repeater), Why do some kids need speech therapy? (2025-08). Accessed 2026-11-05.
211. Expressable (speech teletherapy seller; repeater), 6 things your 2-year-old should be able to do (2025-07-31). Accessed 2026-11-05.
212. Happiest Baby (baby-products seller; repeater), What's 'Normal' Talking for a 2-Year-Old? (2025-05-13). Accessed 2026-11-05.
213. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders (Rescorla, Bryn Mawr College), The Language Development Survey: a screening tool for delayed language in toddlers (1989-11). Accessed 2026-11-05.
214. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (Fenson et al., San Diego State University), Variability in early communicative development (1994). Accessed 2026-11-05.
215. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Learn the Signs. Act Early., Important Milestones: Your Child By Two Years (Pre-2022 (capture 2021-12-18)). Accessed 2026-11-05.
216. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Learn the Signs. Act Early., Important Milestones: Your Child By Eighteen Months (Pre-2022 (capture 2021-12-27)). Accessed 2026-11-05.
217. Pediatrics (Zubler et al.; CDC and American Academy of Pediatrics working group), Evidence-Informed Milestones for Developmental Surveillance Tools (2022-03-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
218. Pediatrics (Zubler et al.; CDC and American Academy of Pediatrics working group), Evidence-Informed Milestones for Developmental Surveillance Tools (2022-03-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
219. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Learn the Signs. Act Early., Important Milestones: Your Child By Two Years (2022 (capture 2026-01-25)). Accessed 2026-11-05.
220. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Learn the Signs. Act Early., Important Milestones: Your Child By 30 Months (2022 (capture 2026-01-25)). Accessed 2026-11-05.
221. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA; professional association and, through its Council for Clinical Certification, the CCC-SLP certifier), Communication Milestones: 19 to 24 Months (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-05.
222. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA; professional association and, through its Council for Clinical Certification, the CCC-SLP certifier), Creation of ASHA's Developmental Milestones (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-05.
223. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD, NIH), Stuttering (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-05.
224. University of Mississippi Medical Center (news; repeater), UMMC experts identify five behaviors that could spell language need (2019-05-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
225. American Family Physician (American Academy of Family Physicians journal; review), Stuttering: A Brief Review (1998-05-01). Accessed 2026-11-05.
226. Expressable (speech teletherapy seller; repeater), Signs your child may have a stuttering or fluency disorder (2026-05-05). Accessed 2026-11-05.
227. The Stuttering Foundation (nonprofit), FAQ (Current page (2026)). Accessed 2026-11-05.
228. The Stuttering Foundation (nonprofit), FAQ (2004 (capture 2004-12-04)). Accessed 2026-11-05.
229. The Stuttering Foundation (nonprofit), FAQ (2012 (capture 2012-08-25)). Accessed 2026-11-05.
230. The Stuttering Foundation (nonprofit), Risk Factors (Not stated). Accessed 2026-11-05.
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Update policy and change log

We re-verify every figure quarterly and when a major source publishes a new edition. The next scheduled review is February 2027. Corrections go to contact@markstudios.com.

• Nov 5, 2026: First published with 623 figures from 74 publishers, each checked against its original source.