Bakery Video Statistics

Key takeaways

1. In our November 10, 2026 read of YouTube’s most-viewed ‘cake decorating’, ‘bakery’ and ‘bread baking’ videos, bakers and cake makers with a stated business drew 19.1% of the views of the 520 on-topic videos, and bakeries and cake shops alone 5.1%. Media, compilation and food-tour channels drew 34.9%. (Mark Studios) See details
2. Videos of 60 seconds or less were 48.8% of the on-topic videos and drew 64.6% of their views. (Mark Studios) See details
3. The 7 U.S.-placed bakery and cake-business channels in the sample posted 784 videos in the year to November 10, 2026; the median channel posted 110. Of the 338 channels in the sample, 0 named a Florida place. (Mark Studios) See details
4. BLS counted 9,687 private U.S. retail bakeries with paid employees in 2025, 29.5% more than in 2014. Census counted 9,219 in 2023, 43.0% more than the 6,445 of 2001. (BLS, Census) See details
5. Florida had 482 retail bakeries with paid employees in 2025: Palm Beach County 26, Broward 45 and Martin 11, or 1.7, 2.2 and 6.6 per 100,000 residents. (BLS, Census) See details
6. U.S. employers had 236,200 bakers on their payrolls in May 2025, at a median annual wage of $37,160; the count includes factory and grocery-store bakers, and 33.7% worked in bakeries and tortilla plants (retail and commercial together). (BLS) See details
7. U.S. consumer prices for bakery products were 32.2% higher in 2025 than in 2019, and egg prices 95.1% higher (CPI-U annual averages). (BLS) See details
8. Krispy Kreme reported 15,194 points of access at the end of fiscal 2025, 85.7% of them fresh delivery doors in other stores; its fiscal 2025 10-K calls its U.S. paid media 100% digital with a heavy focus on social media. (Krispy Kreme) See details
9. A Florida home baker running a cottage food operation may sell up to $250,000 a year without a state food permit; Florida’s first cottage food law, in 2011, capped sales at $15,000. (State of Florida) See details
10. The “90% of restaurants fail in the first year” line traces to a 2003 American Express TV ad that the company could not support with data; in a Columbus, Ohio study, 26.16% of restaurants closed or changed hands in their first year, and BLS found 85.3% of accommodation and food services establishments opened in the year to March 2025 still open a year later. (Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, BLS) See details

Who makes the most-viewed cake decorating, bakery and bread baking videos on YouTube?

Bakeries, cake shops and cake makers with a stated business drew 19.1% of the on-topic views in our November 10, 2026 read of YouTube's most-viewed 'cake decorating', 'bakery' and 'bread baking' videos. Media, news and general creators drew 34.9%, recipe, cooking and lifestyle creators with no bakery credential 22.5% and home bakers and baking educators with no shop stated 21.1%. We took YouTube's 200 most-viewed results for each phrase through the YouTube Data API that day: 566 unique videos from 338 channels, with 12,236,413,468 lifetime views in all. 520 of those videos were on-topic, with 11,199,199,837 views, and the median on-topic video had 9,458,281 views (our calculation).

Bakeries and cake shops speaking as a business ran 18 channels and drew 5.1% of the views. Cake artists, decorators and pastry chefs whose own text states orders, a cake business, paid classes or an academy ran 15 channels and drew 13.9%; together that is 33 channels, 26 of them with 100,000 or more subscribers. Home bakers and educators ran 54 channels and recipe and lifestyle creators 110. Within the media group, 21 cake-clip compilation channels drew 16.4% of all on-topic views and food-tour and bakery-documentary channels 11.9%. Brands, suppliers and retailers drew 0.4%.

One cake maker leads. Lavenia Lioni, an Indonesian cake maker who takes orders and sells an online cake class, drew 6.3% of all on-topic views and 32.9% of the views that went to bakeries and cake businesses; with Messy Baker, a U.S. grocery-store cake decorator turned home baker who takes cake orders, that rises to 45.4%. The three most-viewed channels drew 12.6% of the on-topic views and the ten most-viewed 26.7%.

The search phrase changes who wins. In the 'cake decorating' results, cake artists and decorators with a business drew 22.3% of the on-topic views. In the 'bakery' results, bakeries and cake shops drew 12.1% and media and food-tour channels 48.4%. In the 'bread baking' results, recipe and lifestyle creators drew 63.4% and bakeries and cake businesses 0.2%.

46 videos were off-topic, drawing 8.5% of the sample's views; 20 were kids' entertainment. 'Bakery' is also a song, a game setting and a skit setting: 20.9% of the 'bakery' results were off-topic, with 14.0% of that list's views. 16.3% of the 'bread baking' views went to off-topic videos. We withheld 7 channels from the public dataset, personal uploads by private people and family channels featuring a named minor; those rows keep only their class and counts.

What do the most-viewed bakery and cake videos show?

Cake decorating leads: 21.7% of the on-topic video titles in our November 10, 2026 sample named cake decorating, frosting, buttercream, fondant, piping, glaze or cake design, and those videos drew 31.4% of the on-topic views (our count of titles, hashtags included). Media and compilation channels drew 57.6% of the views of those decorating videos. 61 titles were compilations, collections, 'ideas' lists or hours-long reels, and 37 used 'satisfying', 'relaxing', 'soothing' or ASMR, none of them from a bakery or cake business.

Tutorial or how-to wording appeared in 13.5% of the on-topic titles. 47 titles named sourdough. Occasions were rare: 39 titles named a birthday, many of them through one Indonesian cake maker's birthday-cake hashtag, and 4 named a wedding, engagement or proposal cake. 21 titles were about running a bakery (orders, customers, deliveries, pop-ups, bakery-owner and day-in-the-life clips), and 16 of those came from bakeries and cake businesses themselves. 8 videos showed factory or machine baking, such as mooncake, cake and bread factories, an assembly line and an automatic dough sheeter, and they drew 1.4% of the on-topic views; 2 of them said in their own descriptions that the footage was AI-generated, though YouTube's synthetic-media field was absent on both. 0 titles used the word time-lapse. Titles count words, not what is on screen; every matching title behind these figures was read by hand.

How long are the most-viewed bakery videos, and where are the bakers?

Videos of 60 seconds or less made 48.8% of the on-topic videos in our November 10, 2026 sample and drew 64.6% of the views; videos of three minutes or less, the current YouTube Shorts limit, made 68.8%. The median video of 60 seconds or less had 14,880,645 views against 6,961,375 for the median longer video. Videos longer than 20 minutes, mostly compilations and bakery documentaries, made 17.7%, and 72.7% of the on-topic videos had been published since the start of 2024 (our calculation).

Channels placed outside the United States by their own text or YouTube country setting drew 45.1% of the on-topic views, U.S.-placed channels 44.3% and channels that gave no country 10.6%. A country setting is the channel's own choice and some compilation channels set the United States, so the U.S. share is an upper bound. 7 of the 33 bakery and cake-business channels were U.S.-placed, drawing 3.7% of the on-topic views, and only 2 of them were bakeries speaking as a business, both in Texas. 0 channels named a Florida place, so none named Palm Beach, Broward or Martin County. A global view-sorted search does not surface local shops, so this says nothing about how many Florida bakeries post video. YouTube's containsSyntheticMedia field was present on 0 of the 566 videos, and 23 videos carried the made-for-kids designation; an absent field says nothing either way about how a video was made.

How often do U.S. bakeries and cake makers post on YouTube?

The median U.S.-placed bakery or cake-business channel in our sample posted 110 videos in the 365 days to November 10, 2026 (our count, every upload in the window read through the YouTube Data API that day). Together the 7 channels, two bakeries and five cake artists or pastry chefs with a stated business, posted 784 videos. Sweet Impact posted the most, 143, and Messy Baker the fewest, 78; all seven posted at least weekly on average. The two bakeries, Starr Bakery in Houston and Little Bit Bakery in Texas, posted 229 videos between them.

Across those uploads the median video had 62,476 views by the read date. 336 uploads passed 100,000 views and 104 passed a million. Reach split by type: the two bakeries' median upload had 26,986 views, against 136,843 for the five cake artists and pastry chefs. Starr Bakery's median was 13,040 views. 33.3% of the uploads ran 60 seconds or less and 92.5% ran three minutes or less. 13.0% of the titles were about orders, customers, deliveries or running the business, and 1.1% named a wedding, engagement or proposal. These are the bakers that surfaced in a view-sorted global search, so they are not a sample of American bakeries.

What do studies find about food and baking video and the people who watch it?

Food video moves appetite in controlled studies. In three preregistered experiments with 713 participants in China, published in Foods in 2026, immersive mukbang short videos raised viewers' stated intention to order food at once more than noisy mukbang, most of all when the shot centred on the food rather than the person (Foods, Tian et al.). The study measured intention to order, not purchases. In a 2024 randomised crossover trial in Lebanon, 63 young adults aged 18-24 browsed a junk-food-heavy Instagram feed for 15 minutes and reported more hunger and stronger cravings than after a control feed (Appetite, Zeeni et al.). In a 2025 brain-imaging study in China, 58 healthy women watched food-cue videos while rating their appetite; the brain states linked to rising appetite tracked their BMI and later cravings (Nutrients, Han et al.).

Viewers who already cook appear to pick up habits from it. A 2025 online survey of 488 Taiwanese adults aged 30-45 who cook and follow food content on Instagram found that engagement with healthy cooking videos predicted healthier eating, an association rather than proof of cause (Nutrients, Chen et al.). In four 2026 focus groups with 25 high-school students aged 15-16 in the U.S. Midwest, teens said TikTok food content cued their appetite (Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, Bell et al.). A 2025 survey of 314 young adults aged 18-25 in Surat, India found YouTube and Instagram were their most used apps, and seeing ads for food delivery platforms was associated with BMI (Nutrients, Nandwani et al.). In 2020, an online survey of 680 people in Canada and the United States, run amid reports of "pandemic baking", linked job loss and cut hours to stress, eating to cope and sweet or salty treat choices (Nutrients, Chee et al.).

Content studies show how much sweet food sits in popular video. A 2022 study of 823 recipes from 755 videos posted over six months on ten popular Brazilian YouTube cooking channels found cake and baked-goods recipes among the most posted, and among those with the most ultra-processed ingredients (Nutrients, Camargo et al.). A 2025 content analysis of 100,000 Instagram posts with healthy-eating hashtags found 36,007 posts (36%) were about cooking and preparing food, with baking a frequent method (Journal of Medical Internet Research, Kulandaivelu et al.). The Great British Bake Off website listed 48 Christmas dessert recipes using 178 ingredients, a 2023 BMJ Christmas-issue review counted; of 149 significant links between those ingredient groups and death or disease, 74% pointed to lower risk, though the links come from observational studies (BMJ, Wallach et al.).

Children's video carries the most brands. In a 2020 New York University study of 418 YouTube videos by the five most-watched kid influencers of 2019, 179 videos featured food or drinks (Pediatrics, Alruwaily et al.). The 418 videos were viewed more than 48 billion times in total (Pediatrics). Of 291 food or drink appearances, 90.34% were unhealthy branded items (Pediatrics). A 2023 UConn Rudd Center study of 400 made-for-kids child-influencer YouTube videos uploaded in 2019-2020 found 260 (two-thirds) showed food at least once (Pediatric Obesity, Fleming-Milici et al.). Branded products appeared 592 times in those videos, and candy brands made up 42% of the appearances (Pediatric Obesity).

What do studies find about home bakers, cottage food sellers and bakery food safety?

Many Americans eat raw dough. In the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's fall 2019 Food Safety and Nutrition Survey, a national probability survey of 2,171 adults, 35% said they had tasted or eaten something with uncooked flour in the previous 12 months (Journal of Food Protection, Verrill et al.). In a separate online survey of 1,045 U.S. flour users, published by Purdue University researchers in 2021, 66% of those who bake said they ate raw cookie dough or batter, and 85% were unaware of flour recalls or outbreaks (Journal of Food Protection, Feng and Archila-Godínez).

That habit has caused illness. A 2016 outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli traced to raw flour from one large U.S. producer made 56 people ill in 24 states, CDC and FDA investigators reported (New England Journal of Medicine, Crowe et al.). Tasting unbaked homemade dough or batter was associated with infection at an odds ratio of 36.02, with a wide confidence interval (New England Journal of Medicine).

Cake decoration has its own hazard. In 2018-2019, the Rhode Island and Missouri health departments investigated metal poisonings in children aged 1-11 years who fell ill after eating birthday cakes, commercial and home-made, decorated with luster dust; CDC's MMWR notes the trend was popularised by television, instructional videos and blogs (MMWR, Viveiros et al.). A 2024 U.S. case report described a four-year-old who inhaled gold luster dust labelled non-edible, needed a breathing tube and went home on hospital day 10 (Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, Sanders et al.).

In two bakery outbreaks, investigators blamed ill food handlers. A norovirus outbreak traced to one U.S. bakery reached guests at 46 weddings held on a single weekend (Epidemiology and Infection, Friedman et al., 2005). Of the guests surveyed, 332 (39%) fell ill, and the outbreak reached up to 2,700 people (Epidemiology and Infection). Guests who ate the cake had an adjusted relative risk of 4.5 (Epidemiology and Infection). In Australia's Capital Territory, 71.4% of 301 people surveyed after buying one bakery's donuts reported vomiting or diarrhoea, and 46% of 59 guests at one catered function fell ill (Communicable Diseases Intelligence, Allen et al., 2022). Inspections of 15 volunteer artisanal bakery and pastry businesses in Italy in 2018-2021 found 70% non-compliance in warehouse and packaging and 50% in finished product and cooling (Italian Journal of Food Safety, Currò et al., 2024). An Illinois Institute of Technology analysis of 24,761 FDA food recall records for fiscal 2013-2025 found undeclared milk was the most-cited allergen, with those recalls concentrated in dairy, ice cream and bakery products (Foods, Zhang et al., 2026).

Studies of the home bakers who sell under cottage food laws are few. Jennifer McDonald of the Institute for Justice, a public-interest law firm that sues to loosen these laws, surveyed 775 U.S. cottage food producers and linked restrictive state laws to weaker entrepreneurship in rural areas (Food Policy, 2019, via RePEc). The Washington State Department of Health sent a cottage food survey to 1,600 email addresses in 2024 (Washington DOH). Between June 18 and August 1, 2024, 269 people answered, about 17%, and 188 of them (70%) were current or former cottage food operators (Washington DOH). They said the state's gross sales limit was too tight for those who live on the income, and that they wanted to sell to coffee shops and to ship products.

How many bakers work in the United States?

Employers in the United States had 236,200 bakers on their payrolls in May 2025, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey (BLS). The count covers Bakers (SOC 51-3011) in every industry. It includes factory bakers and grocery-store bakers as well as bakers in retail bakeries, and it leaves out the self-employed.

BLS Employment Projections, which add self-employed workers, put the occupation at 262.4 thousand jobs in 2025 (BLS). Self-employed bakers held 10.1% of those jobs (BLS).

Is baking a growing job?

BLS projects employment of bakers (SOC 51-3011, including factory and grocery-store bakers) to grow 5.5% from 2025 to 2035 (BLS). It expects about 36.5 thousand openings a year over the decade (BLS). Most of those openings come from replacing bakers who retire or change jobs, not from growth.

Where do bakers work?

Bakeries employed 30% of U.S. bakers in 2025, and grocery and specialty food retailers employed 23%, according to BLS’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, which counts self-employed workers too (BLS). BLS groups retail bakeries with commercial (factory) bakeries and tortilla makers in that figure, so the handbook cannot say how many bakers work in shops that sell to the public.

The OEWS payroll survey gives the same picture with the self-employed left out. Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing (NAICS 3118) employed 79,680 bakers in May 2025 (BLS), 33.7% of the occupation’s payroll jobs (our calculation). Restaurants and other eating places employed 61,170 (BLS), or 25.9%, and food and beverage retailers, the sector that holds grocery stores, employed 60,550 (BLS), or 25.6% (our calculation). Most payroll bakers work outside bakeries.

Who works in a bakery?

Bakers held 22.7% of the payroll jobs in U.S. bakeries in May 2025 (our calculation): 79,680 of the 350,710 workers that bakeries and tortilla makers (NAICS 3118) employed in all occupations, per BLS OEWS (BLS). Cashiers held 20,470 of those jobs (BLS). OEWS publishes bakery staffing only at this level, which mixes retail bakeries with factory bakeries, cookie and cracker makers and tortilla makers; it has no series for retail bakeries (NAICS 311811) alone.

How much do bakers earn?

The median annual wage of U.S. bakers was $37,160 in May 2025, per BLS OEWS (BLS). Half of the occupation’s payroll workers earned more and half earned less; the figure covers bakers in factories, grocery stores and restaurants as well as retail bakeries. In Florida the median was $35,870 (BLS). In the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metropolitan area it was $36,880 (BLS), and in the Port St. Lucie metropolitan area, which holds Martin County, $35,700 (BLS). OEWS wages leave out the earnings of self-employed bakery owners and home bakers.

How many bakers work in Florida and South Florida?

Florida employers had 12,320 bakers on their payrolls in May 2025, per BLS OEWS (BLS); the count includes factory and grocery-store bakers. The Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metropolitan area, which covers Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had 3,800 (BLS). The Port St. Lucie metropolitan area (Martin and St. Lucie counties) had 390 (BLS).

OEWS publishes no county estimates, so Palm Beach and Broward cannot be separated from Miami-Dade in this survey. The county counts of retail bakeries below come from other BLS and Census series.

How many retail bakeries are there in the United States?

The United States had 9,687 retail bakeries with paid employees in 2025, an annual average from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) (BLS). QCEW counts private worksites in Retail Bakeries (NAICS 311811), businesses that bake on the premises and sell mainly to consumers, that pay into state unemployment insurance. A chain counts once per location, and grocery-store bakery departments are not included. Those bakeries employed 107,014 workers (BLS), 11.0 per bakery (our calculation), and paid them $30,782 a year on average (BLS); QCEW’s average pay counts part-time and seasonal workers the same as full-time ones.

The Census Bureau’s counts are lower. County Business Patterns found 9,219 retail bakeries with paid employees in 2023 (Census), and the 2022 Economic Census found 7,524 (Census). The agencies use different records: QCEW uses unemployment-insurance filings and a yearly average, the Census Bureau its Business Register.

Two neighbouring codes are not retail bakeries. QCEW counted 4,189 commercial bakeries (NAICS 311812, factory bakeries that sell to stores and food service) (BLS) and 2,646 baked goods retailers (NAICS 445291, shops that sell baked goods made elsewhere) in 2025 (BLS). Both are shown for context only.

How many bakeries have no employees?

Census Nonemployer Statistics, built from tax records, counted 37,239 businesses with no paid employees in Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing (NAICS 3118) in 2024 (Census) and 32,641 in 2023 (Census). Florida had 4,065 in 2024 (Census). The Census Bureau does not publish a nonemployer count for retail bakeries alone, so these figures also hold one-person commercial bakers and tortilla makers. Home bakers who report their sales as a business are in this group.

At the same level, County Business Patterns counted 13,577 establishments with paid employees in 2023 (Census). That made 2.4 bakeries without staff for every bakery with a payroll in 2023 (our calculation, comparing the 2023 counts).

How has the number of retail bakeries changed since 2001?

The number of U.S. retail bakeries with paid employees rose 43.0% between 2001 and 2023, according to the Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns (our calculation). It counted 6,445 in 2001 (Census), 6,185 in 2013 (Census), 7,163 in 2018 (Census) and 9,219 in 2023. Most of the growth came after 2013.

BLS QCEW shows the same rise. Its annual average was 7,482 in 2014 (BLS), so the country had 29.5% more retail bakeries in 2025 than in 2014 (our calculation). NAICS 311811 kept the same definition through every edition used here.

How much do retail bakeries sell, and what do they sell?

U.S. retail bakeries with paid employees had sales of $6.1 billion ($6,118,018 thousand) in 2022, according to the Economic Census (Census). That is about $813 thousand per bakery (our calculation). Bread and bread-type rolls, including bagels, muffins and croissants, made up 28.3% of those sales (Census). Doughnuts, pastries, coffee cakes and other sweet goods made up 20.7% (Census), and cookies 11.8% (Census). 55.1% of retail bakeries reported selling soft cakes such as layer, pound and cheese cakes (Census); the Census Bureau’s table gives no dollar value for that line.

How many retail bakeries are there in Florida and in Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties?

Florida had 482 retail bakeries with paid employees in 2025, per BLS QCEW (BLS). They employed 4,502 workers (BLS). The state had 370 such bakeries in 2014 (BLS), so it gained 30.3% in eleven years (our calculation). The Census Bureau counted 439 in 2023 (Census) and 356 in 2022 (Census).

Broward County had 45 retail bakeries with paid employees in 2025 (BLS), employing 304 workers (BLS). Palm Beach County had 26 (BLS), employing 208 workers (BLS). Martin County had 11 (BLS); BLS withholds its employment and wages to protect individual employers. Together the three counties held 17.0% of Florida’s retail bakeries (our calculation). The Economic Census publishes no county figures for retail bakeries.

How many retail bakeries are there per 100,000 people in South Florida?

Martin County had 6.6 retail bakeries with paid employees per 100,000 residents in 2025, the highest of the three counties (our calculation, from BLS QCEW bakery counts and Census Bureau population estimates). Broward County had 2.2, Palm Beach County 1.7, Florida 2.1 and the United States 2.8 (our calculation).

The rate counts only bakeries with a payroll. Grocery-store bakery departments, shops that resell baked goods and home bakers are not in it, and a county with few bakeries can move a full point when one opens or closes.

How much have bakery prices risen since 2019?

U.S. consumer prices for bakery products were 32.2% higher in 2025 than in 2019, by the BLS Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) (our calculation). The index averaged 304.810 in 2019 (BLS) and 402.880 in 2025 (BLS). Prices for cakes, cupcakes and cookies rose 30.8% over the same years (our calculation), from 291.213 (BLS) to 380.954 (BLS).

Egg prices nearly doubled: the CPI-U egg index was 95.1% higher in 2025 than in 2019 (our calculation), at 397.794 (BLS) against 203.867 (BLS). These are retail prices that shoppers pay, not what bakeries pay their suppliers.

The rise has slowed. From September 2025 to September 2026, prices for bakery products rose 1.7% (BLS) and prices for cakes, cupcakes and cookies 1.9% (BLS), while egg prices fell 20.6% (BLS). BLS did not collect October 2025 prices, so September is the latest month with a year-earlier comparison.

What do USDA’s figures and forecasts say about bakery prices?

Slowly since 2024, after two steep years. USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS) reports that U.S. grocery prices for cereals and bakery products rose 1.0% in 2025 (USDA ERS) and 0.5% in 2024 (USDA ERS), on annual averages of the consumer price index. In 2022 they rose 13.0% (USDA ERS), the largest rise since 29.9% in 1974 (USDA ERS), and in 2023 8.4% (USDA ERS). Compounded, the 2025 average was about 24.3% above the 2021 average (our calculation). Between 1982 and 2021 the largest yearly rise was 10.2% in 2008 (USDA ERS).

In its October 2026 Food Price Outlook, ERS forecasts a 2.5% rise for cereals and bakery products in 2026 (USDA ERS) and 0.7% in 2027 (USDA ERS), against a 20-year average of 2.8% a year for 2006-2025 (USDA ERS). In September 2026 the category was 2.1% above September 2025 (USDA ERS). This index tracks bread, cakes, cookies, flour and cereal bought at grocery stores; it is not a count of what retail bakeries charge.

For context, ERS forecasts grocery (food-at-home) prices to rise 2.3% in 2026 (USDA ERS) and restaurant and other food-away-from-home prices 3.5% (USDA ERS).

What did the avian flu do to egg prices?

It pushed retail egg prices up four years running. ERS reports U.S. retail egg prices rose 32.2% in 2022 as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) cut laying flocks (USDA ERS), kept rising in 2023 and 2024, and rose 21.9% in 2025 (USDA ERS). Compounded, eggs cost about 77.3% more in 2025 than in 2021 (our calculation). At the farm the swing was larger: farm-level egg prices rose 163.1% in 2022 alone (USDA ERS).

The 2025 wave hit early. USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) reported that HPAI outbreaks in commercial table-egg flocks led to the depopulation of 30.1 million birds in January and February 2025 (USDA AMS), equal to 12.2% of the conventional caged layer flock on January 1 (USDA AMS). By December 19, 2025, the year's losses reached 42.2 million layers (USDA AMS) from 73 outbreaks in layer flocks confirmed by USDA APHIS (USDA AMS).

In the week to February 28, 2025, AMS put the national wholesale price for loose White Large shell eggs at $8.05 a dozen (USDA AMS). Breaking stock, the eggs broken into the liquid egg products many bakeries use, traded at $6.05 a dozen (USDA AMS). By the week to October 30, 2026, the national loose-egg price was $0.35 a dozen (USDA AMS), about 95.7% below the February 2025 level (our calculation). These are wholesale trade prices, not shelf prices.

ERS now forecasts retail egg prices to fall 29.3% in 2026 (USDA ERS) and farm-level egg prices to fall 81.2% (USDA ERS). In September 2026 retail eggs were already 20.6% cheaper than a year earlier (USDA ERS). The swing raised the value of U.S. egg production to $31.5 billion in 2025 (USDA ERS).

What happened to flour, sugar, butter and oil?

Flour spiked in 2021-2022 and then eased; sugar and fats are rising now. ERS's producer price series shows the wholesale price of wheat flour rose 19.3% in 2021 (USDA ERS) and 23.3% in 2022 (USDA ERS), then fell three years in a row, by 4.4% in 2025 (USDA ERS). It turned up again in 2026: wholesale flour was 9.4% higher in September 2026 than a year earlier (USDA ERS). ERS forecasts a 3.1% rise in wholesale flour for 2026 (USDA ERS) and a 22.6% rise in farm-level wheat prices on a smaller U.S. wheat crop (USDA ERS).

ERS forecasts retail prices for sugar and sweets to rise 6.5% in 2026, led by candy and most chocolate (USDA ERS); they rose 5.1% in 2025 and 10.4% in 2022 (table above). Wholesale fats and oils, which include shortening and baking oils, are forecast to rise 17% in 2026 (USDA ERS). Retail dairy prices, which cover butter, milk and cream, are forecast to fall 0.4% (USDA ERS).

How much flour does each American use?

ERS estimates U.S. per capita wheat flour use at 126.4 pounds in 2025 (USDA ERS), based on food disappearance rather than measured eating. Wheat use per person had climbed back to 147 pounds by 1997 (USDA ERS), and flour use fell to 134.4 pounds by 2005 after low-carbohydrate diets cut bread eating (USDA ERS). From 2005 to 2025 flour use per person fell about 6.0% (our calculation).

How big is the baking industry, by the trade group's count?

A 2023 study by John Dunham & Associates for the American Bakers Association (ABA, a trade group of mostly wholesale and commercial bakers) counts 789,054 direct U.S. jobs in baking, distribution and baked-goods retail, by a broad definition (ABA study), with direct wages of $42.8 billion (ABA study) and direct output of $186.8 billion (ABA study). Production, which includes small retail bakers that bake on site as well as commercial plants, accounts for 617,802 jobs (ABA study). Retail selling of baked goods, mostly the bakery share of grocery jobs, accounts for 119,852 (ABA study), about 15.2% of the direct total (our calculation). Adding supplier and household-spending effects, the study puts total output at $533.18 billion (ABA study).

These are model estimates from an industry-funded input-output study (IMPLAN sectors, Data Axle firm records), with jobs counted as full-time equivalents. They will not match government counts of bakeries and bakers in the sections on workers and businesses, which use narrower industry codes. Retail Bakers of America (RBA, the retail bakers' trade group, which formalised an affiliation with ABA in November 2026) publishes no industry figures on its open site.

How many places sell Krispy Kreme doughnuts, by its own annual reports?

Krispy Kreme reported 15,194 global points of access at the end of fiscal 2025, the year to December 28, 2025 (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K). The company counts every place its fresh doughnuts are sold: its own and franchised shops, carts and food trucks, and grocery and convenience stores stocked daily. The count fell 13.5% in fiscal 2025, mainly because the company closed fresh delivery doors, including those in McDonald’s USA restaurants (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K). In the U.S., it had 235 Hot Light Theater Shops and 7,463 points of access in all, every one company-operated (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K); outside the U.S. it had 7,656, half of the total (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K).

Most of the growth since the company’s first annual report as a public company was in stores it does not run: fresh delivery doors were 85.7% of its points of access at the end of fiscal 2025 (our calculation). The fresh delivery count was 15,432 a year earlier. Krispy Kreme and McDonald’s USA signed a Business Relationship Agreement on March 22, 2024 for a U.S. national rollout of Krispy Kreme doughnuts in McDonald’s restaurants (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K, fiscal 2024). The fiscal 2024 count included about 1,900 McDonald’s USA doors (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K, fiscal 2025). The two companies ended the agreement effective July 2, 2025, which cut about 2,400 fresh delivery doors in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K).

Krispy Kreme also owned Insomnia Cookies, a late-night cookie bakery chain, after its 2021 listing. Insomnia Cookies had 210 locations at January 2, 2022 (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K, fiscal 2021), and over 40% of its fiscal 2021 sales came through e-commerce (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K, fiscal 2021). In fiscal 2024 Krispy Kreme sold its controlling interest for cash proceeds of $127.4 million (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K, fiscal 2024) and kept about 34.7% (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K, fiscal 2024).

The business shrank in dollars. Krispy Kreme’s total net revenues were $1.52 billion ($1,522,616 thousand) in fiscal 2025, down from $1,665,397 thousand in fiscal 2024 (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K), against $1.38 billion ($1,384,391 thousand) in fiscal 2021, when the count still included Insomnia Cookies (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K, fiscal 2021). It reported a fiscal 2025 net loss of $523,779 thousand, which included a $355,958 thousand goodwill impairment (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K). It employed about 17,000 people worldwide at December 28, 2025 (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K), down from about 21,500 at January 2, 2022, when that figure included Insomnia Cookies staff (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K, fiscal 2021).

What do Krispy Kreme’s filings say about social media, video and AI?

Krispy Kreme’s fiscal 2025 annual report says its U.S. paid media strategy is 100% digital, with a heavy focus on social media (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K); its fiscal 2021 report used the same words, 100% digital (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K, fiscal 2021). The fiscal 2025 report names Facebook, Instagram, X, YouTube, and TikTok as the platforms where it has a brand presence (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K); four years earlier the list was Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Tik-Tok, and Pinterest (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K, fiscal 2021). The company says social media allows precise geo-targeting around its shops (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K), and that it relaunched its core doughnut menu in 2025 to feature fan favorites requested on social media (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K). Its risk factors say a substantial portion of its marketing relies on social media and other digital platforms, which speeds the spread of negative comment as well (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K).

The same report calls digital ordering, through its own platforms, delivery apps and retailers’ platforms, its fastest-growing channel in the U.S. (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K). It mentions artificial intelligence and machine learning only as risks: if the company uses them, they may not deliver the expected efficiencies (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K). The word “video” does not appear in Krispy Kreme’s fiscal 2021, fiscal 2024 or fiscal 2025 annual reports, by our text search of each document.

Spending on that marketing is small next to sales. Krispy Kreme’s marketing expenses, which cover advertising and other brand promotion, were about $45.1 million in fiscal 2025 (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K), or 3.0% of total net revenues (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K). In fiscal 2021 they were about $39.5 million (Krispy Kreme Form 10-K, fiscal 2021), or 2.9% of net revenues (our calculation).

What do other bakery companies’ filings show?

Flowers Foods is a wholesale baker, not a retail bakery: it sells packaged bread and snack cakes, under brands such as Nature’s Own, Dave’s Killer Bread, Wonder and Tastykake, to grocers and other outlets. It calls itself the second-largest producer and marketer of packaged bakery foods in the U.S., with fiscal 2025 sales of $5.3 billion (Flowers Foods Form 10-K). It operated 44 bakeries across the continental U.S. (Flowers Foods Form 10-K) and 221 thrift stores selling returned and surplus bread, which had $62.2 million in fiscal 2025 sales (Flowers Foods Form 10-K). It had about 10,300 employees at January 3, 2026, plus about 5,500 leased and temporary workers (Flowers Foods Form 10-K). Its advertising and marketing costs were $93.2 million in fiscal 2025 (Flowers Foods Form 10-K), about 1.8% of sales (our calculation from the rounded sales figure). Its marketing list includes social media (such as Facebook and X), alongside coupons, e-newsletters, websites, sponsorships and print (Flowers Foods Form 10-K). It mentions AI only as a cybersecurity risk, and does not use the word “video”.

Panera Bread, a bakery-cafe chain that bakes bread from fresh dough in each cafe, filed annual reports until fiscal 2016. It had 478 bakery-cafes system-wide at the end of fiscal 2002 (Panera Bread Form 10-K, fiscal 2002) and 2,036 at December 27, 2016, 1,134 of them franchise-operated (Panera Bread Form 10-K, fiscal 2016): growth of 325.9% in 14 years (our calculation). Its fiscal 2016 advertising expense was $71.6 million, spent mainly on radio, billboards, social networking, Internet, television and print (Panera Bread Form 10-K), and about 51 percent of bakery-cafe transactions were attached to a MyPanera loyalty card (Panera Bread Form 10-K).

Few retail bakery chains have listed shares in the U.S. Crumbs Bake Shop, a cupcake chain, was operating 70 stores at December 31, 2013, 22 of them open less than a year (Crumbs Bake Shop Form 10-K). In that report its auditor expressed substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern (Crumbs Bake Shop Form 10-K); it was the company’s last Form 10-K.

How often do public companies’ annual reports mention retail bakeries?

105 Form 10-K annual reports filed from 2001 to 2025 contained the phrase “retail bakery” or “retail bakeries,” by our count with SEC EDGAR full-text search (our calculation; one count per filing; the search also matches “retail bakery-cafe”). With one more filed in 2026 through November 10, the total is 106 filings from 28 registrants; counting every annual report form, including amendments and the older 10-K405 and 10-KSB forms, it is 153 filings (our calculation). The yearly count peaked at 11, in filing year 2003. In each filing year from 2024 through 2026 exactly 1 Form 10-K contained the phrase: an impact investment fund’s, listing a bakery borrower in Romania (our calculation). 0 Form 10-K filings by a retail bakery or bakery-cafe operator have contained the phrase since Panera Bread’s last annual report in February 2017 (our calculation). Most bakeries are private and file nothing with the SEC, and Krispy Kreme’s reports say “Hot Light Theater Shops” and “Cookie Bakeries” instead, so the count measures a phrase in public companies’ reports, not the bakery trade. The yearly counts, filer names and query URLs are in our EDGAR counts file.

Retail bakery and bakery-cafe operators filed 46.2% of these Form 10-K filings (our calculation). We read the passages around the phrase in every filing and gave each registrant one class; the classes, notes and an example passage per filing are in our contexts file.

What can a Florida home baker sell without a permit?

A Florida home baker can sell up to $250,000 a year of cottage food products without a state food permit, under s. 500.80 of the 2026 Florida Statutes (Florida Legislature). The cap counts all sales at any location, whatever the products or the number of people involved (Florida Legislature). This section is statute and rule text as read on November 10, 2026. It is a plain summary, not legal advice.

Florida defines a cottage food product as food that is not time or temperature controlled for safety, made at the baker's home (Florida Legislature). In practice that means shelf-stable goods; the law leaves the exact line to the Department of Agriculture's rules.

• A cottage food operation may sell and take payment over the Internet or by mail order, and may deliver in person, to an event venue, or by mail or a commercial carrier (Florida Legislature).
• It may not sell at wholesale, so no selling to a café or shop for resale (Florida Legislature).
• Every product must be prepackaged and labelled with the operation's name and address, the product name, the net weight or volume, and the ingredients in descending order of predominance by weight (Florida Legislature).
• The label must carry Allergen information as federal labelling rules require (Florida Legislature).
• It must also print, in at least 10-point type in a contrasting color (Florida Legislature), the sentence: "Made in a cottage food operation that is not subject to Florida’s food safety regulations." (Florida Legislature)
• Regulation of cottage food operations is preempted to the state: a city or county may not ban one, though the home-business conditions of s. 559.955 still apply (Florida Legislature).
• The Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services may inspect a home kitchen Only upon receipt of a complaint, in the statute's words (Florida Legislature).

How has Florida's cottage food cap changed since 2011?

Florida's cottage food cap has risen from $15,000 a year in 2011 to $250,000 since 2021, according to the session laws filed with Florida's Secretary of State.

• 2011: the first cottage food law (ch. 2011-205) exempted operations with annual sales up to $15,000 (Laws of Florida).
• 2017: ch. 2017-32 raised the cap to $50,000 from $15,000 (Laws of Florida).
• 2021: ch. 2021-211 (CS/HB 663) raised the cap to $250,000 from $50,000 (Laws of Florida). It is cited as the "Home Sweet Home Act" (Laws of Florida) and was approved by the Governor on June 29, 2021 (Laws of Florida).

The 2021 law also opened the mail: it authorized the sale and delivery of cottage food products by mail (Laws of Florida). Before it, products sold online had to be delivered in person, and mail-order sales were barred. It also moved the regulation of cottage food from local governments to the state.

What permit does a Florida bakery shop need?

A Florida retail bakery pays a $355 annual food permit fee to the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, under rule 5K-4.020 (flrules.org). The rule defines a retail bakery as a food establishment that bakes breads, pastries or similar goods, primarily for retail sale on the premises (flrules.org).

• A retail bakery with food service (one that also prepares other food for individual portions) pays $490 a year (flrules.org).
• A wholesale bakery pays $530 a year (flrules.org).
• The statute caps food permit fees at $650, apart from bottled water and packaged ice plants (Florida Legislature).
• Permitted shops follow the 2022 Food Code published by the U.S. Public Health Service, which Florida adopts by rule 5K-4.002 (flrules.org).

A home baker selling under s. 500.80 within the $250,000 cap does not need this permit. Fees are as printed in the rule; the department's own site was not read for this page.

When do Florida bakeries charge sales tax?

Florida bakery products are tax-exempt when sold by a bakery that has no eating facilities, and taxable when eaten on the premises of one that does, under s. 212.08 of the 2026 Florida Statutes. The statute's list of exempt food products names baked goods (Florida Legislature), and the exemption covers bakery products sold by bakeries and pastry shops that do not have eating facilities (Florida Legislature). Bakeries having eating facilities owe tax except on sales for consumption off the premises (Florida Legislature). This is a plain reading of the text, not tax advice.

The Department of Revenue's rule 12A-1.011, last amended effective 6/6/2011 (flrules.org), sets out how a shop with seating tells the two apart.

• Sales of five (5) or fewer items at a bakery with eating facilities are presumed taxable unless the shop shows otherwise (flrules.org).
• Packaging that is glued, stapled, wrapped, or sealed is the rule's example of packaging meant for eating elsewhere (flrules.org).
• Heated food is taxable: when a bakery toasts a bagel for a customer, the sale is taxable whether or not the shop has seating (flrules.org).
• Bread sold still warm from the initial baking does not count as hot prepared food (flrules.org).

What must a bakery label say about allergens?

A packaged baked good sold in the United States must name any of nine major food allergens, the ninth being sesame, under the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as printed in the 2023 U.S. Code (U.S. Code). The other eight are milk, egg, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, wheat, peanuts and soybeans.

• The label must either print the word "Contains" followed by the allergen's food source next to the ingredient list, or name the source in the ingredient list itself (U.S. Code).
• Sesame was added by the FASTER Act (Public Law 117-11), approved April 23, 2021 (GovInfo). The change applies to food shipped on or after January 1, 2023 (GovInfo).
• A cake or bread labelled "gluten-free" must contain under 20 ppm gluten, under FDA's rule at 21 CFR 101.91 (eCFR).

Nutrition Facts panels are a separate matter, and FDA exempts many small bakers from them as long as the label and advertising make no nutrition claims.

• A retailer with annual sales to consumers of no more than $500,000, or food sales of no more than $50,000, is exempt (eCFR).
• So are ready-to-eat foods made and sold on site by independent delicatessens, bakeries, or retail confectionery stores with no seating for immediate eating (eCFR).

A nutrition claim in a video caption or an ad, such as "low sugar", can remove the exemption, because the rule counts advertising as well as the label.

What rules cover a bakery's videos, reviews and music?

The FTC's Endorsement Guides, 16 CFR Part 255, in their current form date from July 26, 2023 (eCFR). They apply to a food creator's paid cake review, a sponsored recipe video and an influencer's free box of cookies alike. Text as read on November 10, 2026; not legal advice.

• A connection between the endorser and the seller that viewers would not expect must be disclosed clearly and conspicuously (eCFR).
• Payment includes free or discounted products, such as a free cake, whether or not a review is required in return (eCFR).
• In a video, the disclosure should be in both the visual and audible portions (eCFR).

The FTC's Consumer Reviews and Testimonials rule, 16 CFR Part 465, took effect on October 21, 2024 (Federal Register). Unlike the Guides, it is a rule that carries civil penalties.

• A business may not write, create, or sell a fake review or testimonial (eCFR).
• It may not reward customers for reviews that express a particular sentiment, positive or negative (eCFR).
• A knowing violation can cost up to $53,088 per violation (eCFR).

YouTube has its own disclosure step. Creators who feature a sponsorship or other paid relationship must tick the paid promotion box, which adds a label at the beginning of your video, in YouTube's words (YouTube Help).

Music is the other common problem in decorating time-lapses and shop tours. YouTube adds new tracks to its free Audio Library twice a month (YouTube Help), and says tracks downloaded from it won't be claimed through Content ID (YouTube Help). YouTube lists giving credit to a song's owner as a myth: credit alone does not grant the right to use the song (YouTube Help).

What do the popular bakery numbers really say?

Four numbers travel through bakery business guides, scent and video sellers’ pages and classroom fact sheets: how many new bakeries and restaurants fail in their first year, whether the smell of fresh bread sells, how much video lifts conversions, and how much bread Americans eat. We read each at its source and say below what that source measured. Pages that repeat a number are linked only as dated evidence of how it spread, never as a source for the number.

“60% of bakeries fail in the first year” and “90% of restaurants fail in the first year”

Neither number holds up: the best-known study found about a quarter of restaurants changed hands or closed in year one, and about three in five over three years. The “90%” line has a documented start. Parsa and colleagues, writing in the Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly in August 2005, report that in summer 2003 NBC broadcast a program called Restaurant: A Reality Show (Cornell Quarterly, Parsa et al.), during which an American Express advertisement claimed that “90 percent of restaurants fail during the first year of operation” (Parsa et al.). Asked for its data, American Express said in writing that it could not provide data supporting the 90 percent claim (Parsa et al.). The authors also ran a simulation: if 90 percent of new restaurants failed in year one, their simulated market would shrink to 254 restaurants in twenty years (Parsa et al.), the opposite of what the industry did. That is a model, not a count.

Their own count used 2,439 restaurant operating-license permits from the Columbus, Ohio, health department, 1996 to 1999 (Parsa et al.). Any change of legal ownership needs a new permit, so a restaurant that was sold and stayed open counts as a “failure” here. On that broad measure, 26.16% of all restaurants turned over in their first year (Parsa et al., Exhibit 1) and 59.74% within three years (Parsa et al., Exhibit 1). Independents ran a little higher, 27.51% in year one (Parsa et al., Exhibit 1); the abstract attaches the 26.16 percent figure to independent restaurants (Parsa et al., abstract), but Exhibit 1 gives it for all restaurants. Bakeries were not counted on their own. They were grouped with sub shops, and that segment had a three-year turnover of 76.69%, second only to Mexican restaurants (Parsa et al., Exhibit 5); the paper does not say how many shops were in it.

The three-year 59.74% is the likely source of the first-year version. A 4OVER4 FAQ page, from a printing company, says roughly 60% of restaurants fail in their first year and credits the same Cornell Quarterly (4OVER4). Bakery versions of the same line appear on financial-model and packaging sellers’ pages that name no study (or credit an unnamed National Restaurant Association study); we could not cite them, because one answers scripts with “not found” and the other’s terms bar automated access. We found no count of bakery failures behind any of them.

Government data measure survival, by location, every year. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Business Employment Dynamics counts establishments still operating. Of U.S. accommodation and food services establishments opened in the year to March 2025, 85.3% were still operating in March 2026 (BLS, archived). Of those opened in the year to March 2021, 56.3% were still open five years later (BLS, archived), and of the March 2016 cohort, 42.9% after ten years (BLS, archived). First-year survival was already about four in five for the 1994 cohort, at 79.9% (BLS, archived). Retail bakeries that bake on site are classed as manufacturing (NAICS 311811); BLS has no bakery-only series, and for manufacturing as a whole 79.8% of establishments opened in the year to March 2025 were still operating a year later (BLS, archived). BLS counts locations, including new branches of existing firms, not owners. Use instead: “About 85.3% of new U.S. food service and lodging establishments survive their first year and 56.3% survive five (BLS); the 1996-1999 Columbus study found 26.16% turned over in year one, counting sales as failures.”

“The smell of fresh bread boosts sales” and “makes people kinder”

The studies behind it measured helping strangers, not sales, and the one in-store purchase study we found points the other way. In Baron’s 1997 study in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, passersby in a large shopping mall were more likely to retrieve a dropped pen or give change for a dollar near pleasant ambient odors such as baking cookies, roasting coffee (Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Baron, via Crossref). Guéguen’s 2012 study in the Journal of Social Psychology, run in French shopping malls, had confederates drop a glove near places with pleasant ambient odors such as pastries and near places with no odor (Journal of Social Psychology, Guéguen); passers-by helped more often in the pleasant-smelling areas, which the author put down to good mood (Guéguen). Neither abstract gives a sample size, and neither measured what anyone bought. This is the “makes people kinder” study, and it was about pastries in a mall, not bread in a bakery.

Purchases were measured by Biswas and Szocs in the Journal of Marketing Research in 2019, including field studies at a supermarket and a middle school cafeteria (Journal of Marketing Research, Biswas & Szocs, via Crossref). More than two minutes of an indulgent food scent such as cookies led people to buy fewer unhealthy foods than no scent or a fruit scent; very brief exposure had the reverse effect (Biswas & Szocs). In a 2014 Wageningen University lab study in Physiology & Behavior, 25 overweight women and the same number of normal-weight women exposed to food odours did not eat more or change which foods they preferred (Physiology & Behavior, Zoon et al.). The “bread smell lifts sales” versions we found are on scent-machine sellers’ pages, which name no store, date or study; their terms bar automated access, so we do not link them. Use instead: “Pleasant food smells such as pastries made mall shoppers more helpful in a 2012 study; we found no published test showing that bread smell raises a bakery’s sales.”

“Video lifts conversions 80%”

The figure is a best case from one video vendor, EyeView, about a client website, not a bakery. In February 2009 EyeView’s blog said viewers of its videos for one client, UMOO, were 80% more likely to become depositing users, comparing viewers with non-viewers (EyeView, archived), which does not test what adding a video does. By August 2010 Unbounce, a landing-page software seller, wrote that a study by eyeviewdigital.com showed video on landing pages can increase conversion by 80% (Unbounce, archived).

The larger later evidence points the other way. Unbounce’s own 2021 analysis of about 35,000 customer landing pages in each of three periods (Unbounce) concluded that video appears to have a minimal or negative impact on landing-page performance (Unbounce). Its April 2025 article of landing-page examples still says landing pages with video can increase conversions by 80% (Unbounce). We found no conversion test by a bakery or cake shop, and no page applying the figure to bakeries. Use instead: “Unbounce’s 2021 study of about 35,000 landing pages per period found video had a minimal or negative effect; we found no conversion test by a bakery.”

“The average American eats 53 pounds of bread a year”

We found no original for it. It circulates on trivia pages and in classroom material: a “Facts About Bread!” guided-reading booklet in the University of Idaho Library’s digital collection says the average American consumes 53 pounds of bread per year, with no source or year (University of Idaho Library). USDA does not publish bread eaten per person. Its Economic Research Service tracks wheat flour, which also goes into pasta, cakes, tortillas and crackers: it estimated U.S. per capita wheat flour use at 134.4 pounds in 2012, below its late-1990s peak (USDA ERS). Use instead: “USDA’s Economic Research Service put U.S. wheat flour use at 134.4 pounds per person in 2012; no government source counts bread eaten per person.”

Every popular claim our research pages trace, 897 in all, is on one page: popular video statistics, fact-checked.

How we built this page

We started from the questions people search for about bakery video statistics and looked for the organization that actually produced each answer. Every figure on this page sits in an evidence ledger with its source, the exact table or paragraph it came from, the measurement period, the population measured, and the date we checked it. This edition holds 403 figures from 39 publishers.

On November 10, 2026, each sourced figure on this page was re-fetched with the fetch cache cleared and matched against the recorded wording: BLS occupation wage estimates, consumer price indexes and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (through the BLS data API and data files) and Employment Projections, the Occupational Outlook Handbook, consumer price tables and Business Employment Dynamics (through Internet Archive copies, because bls.gov refuses automated requests; its robots file names no AI agent); Census County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, the 2022 Economic Census and population estimates (through the Census data API and data files); USDA Economic Research Service pages and data files and Agricultural Marketing Service egg reports (the weekly egg reports through Internet Archive copies, because USDA overwrites them); the American Bakers Association’s commissioned study; eCFR, the Federal Register and GovInfo; the Florida Statutes, the Laws of Florida and the Florida Administrative Code; YouTube Help pages; SEC filings on EDGAR; a Washington State Department of Health survey; and journal abstracts (PubMed records re-read through NCBI’s E-utilities, because the pages answer scripts with a bot check). Our YouTube figures come from the YouTube Data API and our filing counts from EDGAR full-text search. We left out sources whose robots rules or terms bar AI agents or automated access: the main baking trade-press sites, a home-baking promotion site, a bakery franchisor’s website, the Florida Department of Agriculture’s website (its rules are cited from the Florida Administrative Code) and several scent-marketing sellers. We could not read The Knot (403), so there are no wedding cake spending figures, and IDDBA’s What’s in Store and the trade groups’ member reports sit behind logins (not bypassed). Nothing here is tax, legal, food-safety or business advice.

We only cite the producer: government agencies, regulators, company filings and official posts, and the survey owner's own report. We do not cite statistics roundups, Statista-style aggregators, or salary sites without a public method. We did not bypass paywalls or sign-up forms; where a full report was gated, we used only the figures its publisher states publicly.

Figures marked "our calculation" are arithmetic on the cited numbers, and anyone can reproduce them:

This edition contains no Mark Studios customer data.

Limitations

• Federal counts miss many bakers. BLS and Census employer counts cover retail bakeries with a payroll that bake on the premises (NAICS 311811). Grocery-store bakery departments are counted with the grocery store, shops that sell baked goods made elsewhere sit in another code (445291), and home bakers appear only in Nonemployer Statistics, which Census publishes for retail and commercial bakeries and tortilla makers together. The Bakers occupation (SOC 51-3011) includes factory and grocery-store bakers.
• Different counts, different counters. QCEW, County Business Patterns and the Economic Census count retail bakeries differently (9,687, 9,219 and 7,524 for nearby years), so compare a count only with the same series. Our long-run comparison uses County Business Patterns for 2001 and 2023; the QCEW comparison starts in 2014.
• Small areas are thin or withheld. QCEW withholds Martin County’s retail bakery employment and pay, County Business Patterns returned no Martin County row, and OEWS publishes no county wages. A county with a few dozen bakeries moves sharply when one opens or closes.
• Prices are national averages. CPI and USDA price changes are U.S. averages for broad groups (bakery products, cakes, cupcakes and cookies, eggs); they are not what any one bakery pays or charges. October 2025 CPI prices were not collected during the federal shutdown, so the newest 12-month change runs to September 2026.
• Our YouTube read follows YouTube’s ranking. The 566 videos are what YouTube’s search returned for three phrases (the top 200 results of each, sorted by views, with no country filter) on November 10, 2026. It is not a census of bakery video, and a global view-sorted search does not surface local bakeries. View counts are lifetime snapshots. We read titles and channel text, not the videos themselves. Personal uploads and channels featuring children are published only as a class and counts, so some shares cannot be recomputed from the public CSV.
• Filings count words. EDGAR full-text search finds a phrase, not a topic, and most bakeries are private. We read the passage around every hit and sorted it by hand.
• Studies are small or narrow. Several food-video studies are single experiments with a few dozen people, or surveys outside the U.S.; each is labelled with its year, place and sample. Rules are reported as we read them on November 10, 2026; this is not legal or tax advice. Every “earliest we found” in the origins section rests on web pages, journal databases and the Internet Archive; newspaper databases were not searched.

How to cite this page

For a single figure, cite the original publisher named next to it, and link here if the verification trail is useful to your readers. Each figure has its own anchor, so you can link straight to it, for example https://www.markstudios.com/research/bakery-video-statistics#WRK-020. To cite the page as a whole:

Mark Studios. "Bakery Video Statistics." Last verified Nov 10, 2026. https://www.markstudios.com/research/bakery-video-statistics

@misc{markstudios_bakery_video_statistics_2026,
  author = {{Mark Studios}},
  title = {{Bakery Video Statistics}},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  url = {https://www.markstudios.com/research/bakery-video-statistics},
  note = {Last verified 2026-11-10}
}

Our calculations and the evidence table are free to reuse with attribution and a link to this page. Each underlying figure remains the claim of its original publisher, and some publishers ask for a link when their figures are reused.

Sources

Download the evidence table (CSV)

1. Foods (Tian et al., South China Agricultural University Zhujiang College), Seeing Is Ordering: The Influence of Mukbang Video Types on Consumers' Immediate Ordering Intention (2026-05-06). Accessed 2026-11-10.
2. Appetite (Zeeni et al., Lebanese American University), Exposure to Instagram junk food content negatively impacts mood and cravings in young adults: A randomized controlled trial (2024-04-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
3. Nutrients (Han et al., Southwest University), Seeing Is Craving: Neural Dynamics of Appetitive Processing During Food-Cue Video Watching and Its Impact on Obesity (2025-07-27). Accessed 2026-11-10.
4. Nutrients (Chen et al.), From Screen to Plate: How Instagram Cooking Videos Promote Healthy Eating Behaviours in Established Adulthood (2025-03-25). Accessed 2026-11-10.
5. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior (Bell et al., University of Minnesota), "I wanna try it so bad": How TikTok Influences Adolescent Eating and the Role of Parents (2026-07-03). Accessed 2026-11-10.
6. Nutrients (Nandwani et al., Symbiosis International University), Social Media Usage and Advertising Food-Related Content: Influence on Dietary Choices of Gen Z (2025-12-16). Accessed 2026-11-10.
7. Nutrients (Chee et al., Carleton University), Piece of Cake: Coping with COVID-19 (2020-12-11). Accessed 2026-11-10.
8. Nutrients (Camargo et al., Federal University of Santa Catarina), Ultra-Processed Foods as Ingredients of Culinary Recipes Shared on Popular Brazilian YouTube Cooking Channels (2022-09-07). Accessed 2026-11-10.
9. Journal of Medical Internet Research (Kulandaivelu et al.), Analyzing Instagram Food and Nutrition Posts Through a Food Literacy Lens: Content Analysis of Instagram Posts (2025-11-12). Accessed 2026-11-10.
10. BMJ (Wallach et al., Emory and Yale), Association of health benefits and harms of Christmas dessert ingredients in recipes from The Great British Bake Off: umbrella review of umbrella reviews of meta-analyses of observational studies (2023-12-20). Accessed 2026-11-10.
11. Pediatrics (Alruwaily et al., New York University), Child Social Media Influencers and Unhealthy Food Product Placement (2020-11-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
12. Pediatric Obesity (Fleming-Milici et al., UConn Rudd Center), Prevalence of food and beverage brands in "made-for-kids" child-influencer YouTube videos: 2019-2020 (2023-04-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
13. Journal of Food Protection (Verrill et al., U.S. FDA), Consumption of Raw Flour in the United States: Results from the 2019 U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Safety and Nutrition Survey (2022-01-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
14. Journal of Food Protection (Feng and Archila-Godínez, Purdue University), Consumer Knowledge and Behaviors Regarding Food Safety Risks Associated with Wheat Flour (2021-04-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
15. New England Journal of Medicine (Crowe et al., CDC and FDA), Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Infections Associated with Flour (2017-11-23). Accessed 2026-11-10.
16. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Viveiros et al., CDC), Cake Decorating Luster Dust Associated with Toxic Metal Poisonings - Rhode Island and Missouri, 2018-2019 (2021-10-29). Accessed 2026-11-10.
17. Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine (Sanders et al.), Metal Pneumonitis from "Non-toxic" Decorative Cake Dust Aspiration: A Case Report (2024-11-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
18. Epidemiology and Infection (Friedman et al., CDC Epidemic Intelligence Service), An outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis associated with wedding cakes (2005-12-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
19. Communicable Diseases Intelligence (Allen et al., ACT Health), Donuts for weight loss? A norovirus outbreak associated with a bakery in the Australian Capital Territory (2022-10-20). Accessed 2026-11-10.
20. Italian Journal of Food Safety (Currò et al., University of Padua), Behind the scenes of taste: an exploratory study of non-compliance in Italian artisanal bakery and pastry laboratories (2024-08-02). Accessed 2026-11-10.
21. Foods (Zhang et al., Illinois Institute of Technology), Microbiological Hazards, Not Undeclared Allergens, Dominate United States Food Recalls: An Analysis of 24,761 Product Recall Records, 2013-2025 (2026-09-02). Accessed 2026-11-10.
22. Food Policy (McDonald, Institute for Justice), The relationship between cottage food laws and business outcomes: A quantitative study of cottage food producers in the U.S. (2019-04-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
23. Washington State Department of Health, Cottage Foods Community Engagement Summary: Summer 2024 (2025-01-01). Accessed 2026-11-10.
24. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
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26. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook: Bakers (2026-08-27). Accessed 2026-11-10.
27. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
28. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
29. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
30. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
31. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
32. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
33. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
34. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
35. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
36. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
37. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
38. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 estimates (2026-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-10.
39. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2025 annual averages, industry 311811 (CSV) (2026-08-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
40. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API, dataset 2023/cbp) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
41. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census: Geographic Area Statistics (Census Data API, dataset 2022/ecnbasic) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
42. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2025 annual averages, industry 311812 (CSV) (2026-08-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
43. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2025 annual averages, industry 445291 (CSV) (2026-08-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
44. U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics: 2024 (Census Data API, dataset 2024/nonemp) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
45. U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics: 2023 (Census Data API, dataset 2023/nonemp) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
46. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API, dataset 2023/cbp) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
47. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2001 (Census Data API, dataset 2001/cbp) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
48. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2013 (Census Data API, dataset 2013/cbp) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
49. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2018 (Census Data API, dataset 2018/cbp) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
50. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2014 annual averages, industry 311811 (CSV) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
51. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census: Industry by Products Statistics for the U.S. (Census Data API, dataset 2022/ecnnapcsind) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
52. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API, dataset 2023/cbp) (2025-06-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
53. U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Resident Population Estimates, Vintage 2025 (nation and states, CSV) (2026-01-27). Accessed 2026-11-10.
54. U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Resident Population Estimates, Vintage 2025 (counties, CSV) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
55. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPI-U time series flat file cu.data.11.USFoodBeverage (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
56. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U. S. city average, by detailed expenditure category - 2026 M09 Results (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
57. USDA Economic Research Service, Food Price Outlook: Changes in Consumer Price Indexes, 2024 through 2027 (CSV) (2026-10-23). Accessed 2026-11-10.
58. USDA Economic Research Service, Food Price Outlook: Annual percent changes in selected Consumer Price Indexes, 1974 through 2025 (CSV) (2026-10-23). Accessed 2026-11-10.
59. USDA Economic Research Service, Food Price Outlook - Summary Findings (2026-10-23). Accessed 2026-11-10.
60. USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Egg Markets Overview (weekly), February 28, 2025 (2025-02-28). Accessed 2026-11-10.
61. USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Egg Markets Overview (weekly), December 19, 2025 (2025-12-19). Accessed 2026-11-10.
62. USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Egg Markets Overview (weekly), October 30, 2026 (2026-10-30). Accessed 2026-11-10.
63. USDA Economic Research Service, Poultry & Eggs - Sector at a Glance (2026-09-04). Accessed 2026-11-10.
64. USDA Economic Research Service, Food Price Outlook: Annual percent changes in selected Producer Price Indexes, 1974 through 2025 (CSV) (2026-10-23). Accessed 2026-11-10.
65. USDA Economic Research Service, Food Price Outlook: Changes in Producer Price Indexes, 2024 through 2027 (CSV) (2026-10-23). Accessed 2026-11-10.
66. USDA Economic Research Service, Wheat - Wheat Sector at a Glance (2026-10-28). Accessed 2026-11-10.
67. American Bakers Association (John Dunham & Associates), The Economic Impact of the Baking Industry, 2023 (methodology) (2023-08). Accessed 2026-11-10.
68. Krispy Kreme, Inc., Krispy Kreme, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2025 (2026-03-06). Accessed 2026-11-10.
69. Krispy Kreme, Inc., Krispy Kreme, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022 (2022-03-11). Accessed 2026-11-10.
70. Krispy Kreme, Inc., Krispy Kreme, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 (2025-02-27). Accessed 2026-11-10.
71. Flowers Foods, Inc., Flowers Foods, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 3, 2026 (2026-02-25). Accessed 2026-11-10.
72. Panera Bread Company, Panera Bread Company Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2002 (2003-03-21). Accessed 2026-11-10.
73. Panera Bread Company, Panera Bread Company Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2016 (2017-02-22). Accessed 2026-11-10.
74. Crumbs Bake Shop, Inc., Crumbs Bake Shop, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 (2014-03-31). Accessed 2026-11-10.
75. The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine), Florida Statutes 500.80 Cottage food operations (2026). Accessed 2026-11-10.
76. The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine), Florida Statutes 500.03 Definitions; construction; applicability (2026). Accessed 2026-11-10.
77. The Florida Legislature, Laws of Florida (via Florida Department of State, laws.flrules.org), Chapter 2011-205, Laws of Florida (2011). Accessed 2026-11-10.
78. The Florida Legislature, Laws of Florida (via Florida Department of State, laws.flrules.org), Chapter 2017-32, Laws of Florida (2017). Accessed 2026-11-10.
79. The Florida Legislature, Laws of Florida (via Florida Department of State, laws.flrules.org), Chapter 2021-211, Laws of Florida (CS/HB 663) (2021-06-29). Accessed 2026-11-10.
80. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services rule, via Florida Department of State (flrules.org), Rule 5K-4.020 Food Permits; Requirements and Fees (rule text, Word file) (2025-11-11). Accessed 2026-11-10.
81. The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine), Florida Statutes 500.12 Food permits; building permits (2026). Accessed 2026-11-10.
82. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services rule, via Florida Department of State (flrules.org), Rule 5K-4.002 Adoption of Federal Regulations and Other Standards (rule text, Word file) (2026-04-22). Accessed 2026-11-10.
83. The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine), Florida Statutes 212.08 Sales, rental, use, consumption, distribution, and storage tax; specified exemptions (2026). Accessed 2026-11-10.
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85. Florida Department of Revenue rule, via Florida Department of State (flrules.org), Rule 12A-1.011 Sales of Food Products ... Sales of Bakery Products by Bakeries, Pastry Shops, or Like Establishments (rule text, Word file) (2011-06-06). Accessed 2026-11-10.
86. U.S. Code (Office of the Law Revision Counsel), via GovInfo (U.S. Government Publishing Office), 21 U.S.C. 321 Definitions; generally (U.S. Code 2023 edition) (2024). Accessed 2026-11-10.
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88. U.S. Congress, Public Law 117-11, via GovInfo (U.S. Government Publishing Office), Public Law 117-11, Food Allergy Safety, Treatment, Education, and Research Act of 2021 (2021-04-23). Accessed 2026-11-10.
89. Food and Drug Administration, via eCFR (Office of the Federal Register), 21 CFR Part 101 - Food Labeling (eCFR) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
90. Federal Trade Commission, via eCFR (Office of the Federal Register), 16 CFR Part 255 - Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising (eCFR) (2023-07-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
91. Federal Trade Commission, Federal Register, Trade Regulation Rule on the Use of Consumer Reviews and Testimonials (Federal Register) (2024-08-22). Accessed 2026-11-10.
92. Federal Trade Commission, via eCFR (Office of the Federal Register), 16 CFR Part 465 - Use of Consumer Reviews and Testimonials (eCFR) (2024-08-22). Accessed 2026-11-10.
93. Federal Trade Commission, via eCFR (Office of the Federal Register), 16 CFR 1.98 Adjustment of civil monetary penalty amounts (eCFR) (2025-01-17). Accessed 2026-11-10.
94. YouTube (Google), Add branded content restrictions & disclosure labels (YouTube Help) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
95. YouTube (Google), Use music and sound effects from the Audio Library (YouTube Help) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
96. YouTube (Google), Common copyright myths (YouTube Help) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
97. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly (Parsa, Self, Njite & King; The Ohio State University), Why Restaurants Fail (2005-08). Accessed 2026-11-10.
98. 4OVER4 (printing company; repeater), What is the restaurant failure rate in the first year? (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
99. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Business Employment Dynamics, Table 7. Survival of private sector establishments by opening year: Accommodation and Food Services (2026-10). Accessed 2026-11-10.
100. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Business Employment Dynamics, Table 7. Survival of private sector establishments by opening year: Manufacturing (2026-10). Accessed 2026-11-10.
101. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (Baron, 1997), The Sweet Smell of... Helping: Effects of Pleasant Ambient Fragrance on Prosocial Behavior in Shopping Malls (1997-05). Accessed 2026-11-10.
102. Journal of Social Psychology (Guéguen, Université de Bretagne-Sud), The sweet smell of ... implicit helping: effects of pleasant ambient fragrance on spontaneous help in shopping malls (2012). Accessed 2026-11-10.
103. Journal of Marketing Research (Biswas & Szocs, 2019), The Smell of Healthy Choices: Cross-Modal Sensory Compensation Effects of Ambient Scent on Food Purchases (2019-01-04). Accessed 2026-11-10.
104. Physiology & Behavior (Zoon et al., Wageningen University), Food preference and intake in response to ambient odours in overweight and normal-weight females (2014-05-29). Accessed 2026-11-10.
105. EyeView Digital (video production and testing vendor; sold the videos it tested), UMOO - a prime beef example of EyeView's success (2009-02-10). Accessed 2026-11-10.
106. Unbounce (landing-page software seller), The benefits of using video on landing pages (2010-08). Accessed 2026-11-10.
107. Unbounce (landing-page software seller; analysis of its own customers' pages), Video on landing pages means more conversions, right? Wrong. Here's why (2021-08-26). Accessed 2026-11-10.
108. Unbounce (landing-page software seller; repeater), 15 high-converting landing page examples (+ why they work) (2025-04-06). Accessed 2026-11-10.
109. University of Idaho Library (guided-reading booklet; repeater), Facts About Bread! (undated). Accessed 2026-11-10.
110. USDA Economic Research Service, U.S. wheat flour consumption shows signs of leveling off (2013). Accessed 2026-11-10.

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We re-verify every figure quarterly and when a major source publishes a new edition. The next scheduled review is February 2027. Corrections go to contact@markstudios.com.

• Nov 10, 2026: First published with 403 figures from 39 publishers, each checked against its original source.