Title Company Video Statistics

Key takeaways

1. Title companies, title agents and underwriters posting as themselves made 19.6% of the on-topic videos among YouTube’s most-viewed title company, closing on a house and title insurance results, but drew 2.7% of their views (our read, Nov 7, 2026). (Mark Studios) See details
2. The U.S. title company channels in that sample posted 225 videos in the year to November 7, 2026, with a median of 147 views; 17 of them posted nothing. (Mark Studios) See details
3. Title insurance explainers were the most common subject (107 videos), but the median one had 1,823 views; the median closing-day video had 146,899. (Mark Studios) See details
4. U.S. title premiums were $18.5 billion in 2025, below the 2021 record of $26.2 billion, and title agencies wrote 87.5% of direct premiums. (ALTA and NAIC) See details
5. BLS counted 10,011 private title abstract and settlement offices in 2025; Florida had 12.1% of them, and Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties 229. (BLS) See details
6. People reported $275,110,419 in real estate fraud losses and $3,046,598,558 in business email compromise losses to the FBI’s IC3 in 2025; in FinCEN’s review of real estate email fraud, 37% of incidents impersonated a title or closing company. (FBI IC3 and FinCEN) See details
7. Florida sets title premiums by rule: $5.75 per $1,000 of coverage up to $100,000, which by our calculation makes the owner’s premium on a $250,000 policy $1,325, before endorsements and fees. (State of Florida) See details
8. The “one in three title searches finds a problem” line comes from ALTA’s survey of 2005 deals, which found title problems in 36 percent of residential transactions without publishing a sample size; ALTA’s 2000 survey had put it at 25%. (ALTA) See details

Who makes the most-viewed title company videos on YouTube?

Mostly not title companies: in a November 2026 read of YouTube's most-viewed videos for 'title company', 'closing on a house' and 'title insurance', title and escrow companies, title agents and underwriters posting as themselves made 19.6% of the on-topic videos and drew 2.7% of their lifetime views (our calculation). We read YouTube's own view-sorted search results for the three phrases, the first four pages of each, through the YouTube Data API on November 7, 2026 with no country filter, and classified every channel by hand from its own title, description and video text. The three lists held 593 unique videos from 464 channels, with 753,208,481 lifetime views in all, and they barely overlapped: only 4 videos were in two lists and none was in all three.

Most of those views had nothing to do with property. Channels that used 'closing' or 'title' in another sense, such as the song 'Closing Time', DJ closing sets, a horror game called 'The Closing Shift', door hinges and film title songs, drew 95.9% of the views. In the 'closing on a house' list, 88.4% of the videos were off-topic; in the 'title company' list, off-topic videos, mostly Indian film title songs and teasers, drew 82.2% of the views. Leaving them out leaves 382 on-topic videos from 275 channels, with 31,085,448 views; the median one had 3,603.5 views.

39 title company, title agent or underwriter channels appeared, including the underwriters' own channels (First American, Stewart Title and a Fidelity National Title region) and the trade association ALTA. We did not check any licence. The median video from these channels had 2,947 views, and 20 of their videos ran 60 seconds or less. The most-viewed was Federal Title & Escrow Company's 'Closing Costs Explained Visually', with 350,432 views; the Washington, DC area title company's video surfaced in the 'closing on a house' search, not the 'title company' one.

Who else posts title and closing videos?

Educators post the most: educators and explainers made 34.6% of the on-topic videos on November 7, 2026 and drew 25.4% of the views (our calculation). Most of them were real estate investor educators: 89 videos from investor channels, nearly all teaching wholesaling, where an 'investor-friendly' title company that will close assignments and double closings is a recurring subject. The rest were licence-exam schools, notary trainers, personal-finance creators and two state agencies, the Texas Department of Insurance and the Maryland Secretary of State.

Real estate agents and brokerages made 14.9% of the on-topic videos and drew 32.8% of the views, most of it from one Ryan Serhant short. Attorneys and law firms posted 19 videos, lenders and loan officers 15, and TV news, radio and podcast channels 21. Personal and family vlogs were few but widely watched: the median one, mostly 'we closed on our house' videos, had 184,835 views. Other channels drew 12.1% of the views, led by a Texas home inspector's 'Final inspection before closing'.

A newer genre uses title companies as a plot device. 25 on-topic videos came from a dozen faceless channels of narrated family-revenge stories, with titles such as 'Sister Forged Documents To Sell My Lakehouse, Then The Title Company Called'. One of these channels says in its own description that its stories are fictional and produced with the help of AI.

How much of the views go to a few channels?

About half go to three: the three biggest channels drew 51.8% of the on-topic views on November 7, 2026, and the ten biggest drew 74.1% (our calculation; the eleventh channel had fewer views, so there was no tie at the cut-off). One 60-second Ryan Serhant short, 'Best Negotiation Strategy for Tough Buyers', drew 28.6% of the on-topic views on its own, with 8,889,466 views. The most-viewed title insurance explainer was 'what is title insurance?' from OneInsure, an Indian insurance seller, with 2,013,943 views, and the most-viewed lawyer's video was North Carolina attorney Tiffany Webber's 'Title vs. Deed', with 1,389,740.

By count, Wade Vander Molen, a title company sales executive in Northern Virginia who coaches title sales reps, posted 11 of the on-topic videos, more than any other channel.

What does each search return?

Each phrase finds a different crowd: in the on-topic 'title insurance' results on November 7, 2026, title companies, agents and underwriters made 28.4% of the videos but drew 6.8% of the views (our calculation). In the on-topic 'title company' results, educators, mostly wholesaling teachers, made 47.6% of the videos and title companies themselves 10.8%. 'Closing on a house' barely reaches the subject: only 23 of its unique videos were about home closings, and just one came from a title company.

Where are the channels based, and how many are in Florida?

Mostly in the U.S.: channels placed in the U.S. by their own text or country setting posted 72.3% of the on-topic videos on November 7, 2026 and drew 88.8% of the views (our calculation). Channels placed outside the U.S., mainly in India, Canada and Australia, posted 8.9%, and channels that named no place and set no country posted 18.8%. 30 of the 39 title channels were placed in the U.S.; First American's channel names no place and sets no country, so it is not counted.

19 channels whose own text placed them in Florida drew 3.1% of the views. 8 of them were Florida title companies. 4 channels were placed in Palm Beach, Broward or Martin County: Arrow Title Services of Stuart, Independence Title's show from Fort Lauderdale, a Singer Island condo agent and NBC 6 South Florida. Their videos had 136,616 views in all.

What are the most-viewed title videos about?

Mostly explaining title insurance: 107 of the 382 on-topic videos on November 7, 2026 were title insurance explainers ('What is title insurance?', 'Do I need it?'), and 51.3% had 'title insurance' or a policy name in the title (our calculation, a regex on titles with every match read by hand). The explainers drew few views each: the median one had 1,823. Title companies, agents and underwriters posted 26 of them. 16 videos compared owner's and lender's policies or policy types, 18 were about title searches, commitments, liens, easements or surveys, and 9 asked whether title insurance is a scam or worth the money.

Investors are a large audience. 15.2% of the on-topic videos were aimed at real estate investors (wholesaling, flipping, tax deeds), and 40 were about finding or choosing a title company, almost all from wholesaling teachers. 9 weighed a title company against a closing attorney. 12 were aimed at notaries and loan signing agents, mostly on how to win work from title companies, 13 were about the title business itself (sales reps, business models and marketing), and 8 were licence-exam lessons on title insurance.

Some subjects title companies talk about often were rare. 11 videos were about closing costs, title fees or who pays for title insurance, 6 named first-time or new home buyers, and only 2 named remote online notarization, e-closing or e-recording in the title.

How often do the videos cover fraud and closing day?

Fraud is a minor subject: 20 of the on-topic videos on November 7, 2026 named fraud, a scam, forgery or a cyber attack in the title, and 8 of them were narrated family-revenge stories (our calculation). NBC 6 South Florida's two reports on a South Florida title company owner who spotted a scammer using AI to try to sell property the scammer did not own, one naming a vacant lot in Hallandale Beach, had 86,380 views. Other fraud titles came from TV news in Houston and Canada, a scam-baiting creator and agents warning buyers about mail scams after closing.

Closing day draws the biggest audiences. 25 videos were about closing day or the days just before and after it, and they drew 23.2% of the on-topic views. The median closing-day video had 146,899 views, against 1,823 for a title insurance explainer; most of the big ones were buyers' own vlogs, a home inspector's short and agents' and lenders' shorts.

How long and how old are the most-viewed title videos?

Short videos carry about half the views: videos of 60 seconds or less were 27.2% of the on-topic videos on November 7, 2026 and drew 48.1% of their views (our calculation). The median on-topic video ran 193.5 seconds, a little over three minutes, and 25.1% ran longer than 10 minutes. 27.7% were published in 2024 or later, 29.6% before 2020, and 38 in the year before our read. YouTube's made-for-kids flag was set on 7 of the 593 videos, and its altered or synthetic content field was absent from all of them (our read of videos.list part=status).

How often do U.S. title companies post to YouTube?

Most of them rarely: the 29 U.S. title company, title agent and underwriter channels we found in the search sample posted 225 videos in all in the year to November 7, 2026, and 17 of them posted nothing (our read of each channel's uploads; the association ALTA left out). 13 had not posted since before 2024. The median channel had 66 subscribers, and the median upload in the year had 147 views; 51.6% of the uploads ran 60 seconds or less.

Three channels posted 73.3% of the uploads: Allied Title & Escrow, Wade Vander Molen's title sales coaching channel and Stewart Title. Allied Title & Escrow, licensed in 14 states, posted 91 videos, and its uploads had a median of 213 views. Independence Title's Fort Lauderdale show channel had 13,400 subscribers, the most of the group. In Florida, 2 of the 8 title company channels posted in the year; Title Company of Florida posted 16 videos with a median of 1,518.5 views on a channel with 5 subscribers (YouTube's view counts include views from ads).

The video and channel tables behind these figures are published as youtube-videos.csv, youtube-channels.csv and youtube-title-company-channels.csv. Agents' and lenders' wider use of video is covered on the real estate and mortgage pages.

How much title insurance does the U.S. industry write a year?

The U.S. title insurance industry generated $18.5 billion in title insurance premiums in 2025, according to the American Land Title Association (ALTA), the trade association of title insurers and title agents, which compiles the total from insurers’ statutory financial statements (ALTA). That was up from $16.2 billion in 2024 (ALTA) and 17.0% above the $15.81 billion ALTA counted for 2019 (ALTA), before inflation (our calculation).

Premiums rise and fall with mortgage volume. The 2020-2021 refinance boom lifted them from $19.2 billion in 2020 (ALTA) to a record $26.2 billion in 2021 (ALTA). As mortgage rates climbed, they fell to $21 billion in 2022 (ALTA) and $15.1 billion in 2023 (ALTA), a 42.4% drop from the 2021 peak (our calculation).

ALTA’s yearly market share releases, built from insurers’ statutory statements. ALTA sells the detailed data to subscribers; the figures here are from its public press releases.

How much title insurance is written in Florida?

Florida title insurance premiums were $2.01 billion in 2025, second only to Texas, ALTA reports (ALTA). That is 10.9% of the U.S. total (our calculation from ALTA’s rounded figures), close to Florida’s 11.0% share in 2021 (our calculation). Florida’s premiums were still 30.4% below their 2021 peak of $2.89 billion (our calculation). Florida has ranked second behind Texas in every year from 2021 to 2025 in ALTA’s top-five lists.

In the second quarter of 2026, Florida title premiums were $618,140,837, again second to Texas (ALTA). An Ernst & Young study commissioned by ALTA estimated 14,200 direct jobs at Florida title and settlement companies in 2022, third behind Texas and California (ALTA). That is a modelled estimate from the industry’s association; the BLS and Census counts on this page are government counts.

How are title premiums running in 2026?

The industry wrote $4.5 billion in title premiums in the first quarter of 2026 (ALTA) and $5.3 billion in the second quarter (ALTA). Premium volume for the first six months of 2026 was up 16.1% on the same months of 2025 (ALTA). ALTA’s chief executive credited commercial real estate for much of the second-quarter rise.

Who sells title insurance: agents or the insurers themselves?

Title agents do. U.S. title insurers wrote $18,456 million in direct premiums in 2025, by the count of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC), the state regulators’ organization (NAIC). Only $2,306 million came through the insurers’ own direct offices (NAIC). Agencies not owned by an underwriter wrote $11,580 million (NAIC) and agencies affiliated with one wrote $4,570 million (NAIC). Agents therefore wrote 87.5% of 2025 premiums (our calculation), against 89.4% in 2021 (our calculation), when total direct premiums were $26,364 million and direct offices wrote $2,806 million (NAIC).

NAIC’s full-year analysis puts non-affiliated agencies alone at 62.7% of 2025 direct premiums (NAIC). The agents’ share is also the industry’s biggest cost: amounts paid to or retained by title agents were 72.6% of title insurers’ operating expenses in 2025 (NAIC). Insurers issued 13.6 million policies in 2025 (NAIC), with an average direct premium of $1,063 per residential policy (NAIC). That average counts owner’s and lender’s policies separately; it is not the total title bill at a closing. NAIC’s and ALTA’s totals differ slightly because each uses its own cut of the same statutory filings.

Which underwriters write the most title insurance?

First American Title Insurance Co. was the largest single underwriter in 2025, with 23.1% of U.S. title premiums, ALTA reports (ALTA). The five largest individual underwriters held 75.6% between them (our calculation). Two of the five, Fidelity National Title and Chicago Title, belong to the same corporate family, Fidelity National Financial.

ALTA last printed shares by corporate family in its 2019 and 2020 releases. In 2019 the Fidelity family held 33.22 percent of the market, followed by the First American, Old Republic and Stewart families (ALTA), and independent underwriters outside those four held 14.99 percent (ALTA). The companies’ own 10-K filings are covered elsewhere on this page.

How much do title insurers pay out in claims?

The title insurance industry paid more than $667 million in claims in 2025, ALTA reports (ALTA), up from $544 million in 2019 (ALTA). Claims paid in 2025 equalled 3.6% of that year’s premiums (our calculation), though claims paid in a year come from policies written over many earlier years.

NAIC measures the same thing as a loss ratio, losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred over premiums. It was 4.3% in 2025 (NAIC) and 2.3% in 2021 (NAIC). Expenses, led by the agents’ share of each premium, take up most of the rest, and the industry’s combined ratio (losses plus expenses over premiums) was 102.8% in 2025, the third year in a row above 100% (NAIC).

How many title companies are there, by the industry’s own count?

ALTA describes its industry as more than 17,000 title insurance companies, over 90% of them small businesses (ALTA). ALTA does not say how it counts companies. An Ernst & Young study for ALTA estimated that title insurance and settlement services directly generated $30 billion of U.S. GDP and 155,000 jobs in 2022 (ALTA). Both are the association’s figures; the government counts of title offices and title examiners are in the workforce section of this page.

How much do U.S. borrowers pay at closing, and where do title fees rank?

The median borrower with a U.S. home purchase loan paid $6,684 in total loan costs in 2023, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) found in lenders’ Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data (CFPB). Total loan costs are the borrower-paid lender charges, third-party charges such as appraisal, settlement agent and title insurance fees, and any discount points, as shown on the Closing Disclosure. The median was $4,889 in 2021 (CFPB), so it rose 36.7% in two years (our calculation), matching the CFPB’s own “over 36%” (CFPB). For refinance loans the 2023 median was $7,329 (CFPB).

HMDA reports total loan costs as one figure, so these medians do not isolate title charges. The CFPB’s May 2024 request for information on closing costs ranks title fees (title insurance, title search and settlement fees) as the next largest category of closing costs after the lender’s origination fees (CFPB). In a March 2024 blog post the CFPB called lender’s title insurance a fee where the borrower has “no control over cost”, because the lender chooses the provider and the policy protects only the lender (CFPB). NAIC’s average direct premium per residential policy, $1,063 in 2025, is one policy, not a whole closing.

The title industry disputes the CFPB’s framing. ALTA said in October 2026 that the inflation-adjusted cost of title insurance coverage fell 32% between 2016 and 2024 (ALTA); its release does not name the study behind that figure. Where the popular “percent of the purchase price” and “share of closing costs” numbers came from is traced in the myths section of this page.

How much title work happens before a closing?

In ALTA’s 2026 survey of 449 title professionals across 47 states, nearly 60% of transactions required clearing three to five title issues before closing (ALTA). ALTA did not publish the survey’s field dates, and the release’s dateline reads “Month 31, 2026”. The association’s members are the companies doing this work.

What is the FHFA title acceptance pilot?

The title acceptance pilot lets Fannie Mae buy certain refinance loans with loan-to-value ratios below 80 percent without a lender’s title insurance policy or attorney opinion letter, in select areas, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) said when it approved the pilot in 2024 (FHFA). An automated title review decides when a policy is still needed. FHFA said the pilot could save homeowners $500 - $1,500 in closing costs on a refinance (FHFA); lenders pay Fannie Mae a fee to cover the title risk instead. Fannie Mae’s pilot list shows Title Acceptance as active from November 19, 2024 to November 30, 2027 (Fannie Mae). ALTA reported that an executive order signed on October 22, 2026 would let FHFA turn the pilot into an ongoing program for eligible refinances; that is the association’s account of the order.

How many title companies offer digital closings and remote online notarization?

In 2022, 61% of title and settlement companies offered some type of digital or remote closing, in ALTA’s Digital Closing Study of 399 title professionals in 46 states and D.C. (ALTA). Fully digital or hybrid closings were still only 10% of all transactions in 2022, up from 7% in 2021 (ALTA). The top obstacle to adopting or expanding remote online notarization (RON) was lack of lender acceptance, named by 84% of companies (ALTA). ALTA is the trade association of the companies it surveyed, and its full reports are for members only.

ALTA’s own releases disagree on the 2019 baseline: its 2020 release says 17 percent of agents offered digital closings in 2019, and its 2021 release says a 2019 survey found 14%. We print both. In the 2021 survey, title offices put the average cost of setting up RON (software, equipment and training) at just under $30,000 per office (ALTA), and more than 5 percent of transactions closed with some form of RON (ALTA).

How have title companies used video in closings?

In April 2020, 16 percent of the nearly 400 title and settlement companies in ALTA’s COVID-19 survey provided emergency video notarization, watching signers over services such as FaceTime or Skype, and companies that did so used it on 22 percent of their closings (ALTA). Those were emergency workarounds; remote online notarization is a separate process authorized by state law, covered in the rules section of this page.

We found no survey with a published sample size that measures how title companies use video or social media in marketing. The Title Report’s annual Voice of the Title Agent survey, sponsored by Qualia, a closing-software seller, sits behind a registration form, and its public summary gives no sample size, so we do not print its figures. Our own counts of title and closing videos on YouTube are in the YouTube section of this page.

How far have lenders and eClosing platforms gone digital?

In 2025, 22% of mortgage lenders had adopted electronic promissory notes (eNotes), in Fannie Mae’s survey of 240 senior mortgage executives fielded April 29 to May 9, 2025 (Fannie Mae). Fannie Mae reported 2.5 million (2,513,863) unique eNotes registered on the MERS eRegistry as of April 1, 2025 (Fannie Mae), and over 1.4 million loans delivered to it as eMortgages through April 2025 (Fannie Mae). Fannie Mae buys loans from the lenders it surveyed and promotes eMortgages.

Proof, which sells RON and eClosing software to title companies and lenders, says more than 86,000 real estate eClosings were completed on its platform in the first four months of 2026, across 848 organizations (Proof). That is one seller’s platform count, not a market total.

How big are the national title insurance underwriters?

Fidelity National Financial (FNF), the largest, reported $8,490 million of Title segment revenue for 2025 in its annual report to the SEC (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2025), down from $11,497 million in the 2021 refinance boom (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2021). FNF says its insurers held a 32% share of the U.S. title insurance market through the third quarter of 2025, quoting market-share figures from the American Land Title Association, the industry's trade association (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2025). That is a figure for all of FNF's underwriters together; the market section's ALTA shares count each underwriting company separately. Citing the rating firm Demotech, FNF says the top four title insurance groups wrote 80% of net premiums in 2024 and about 40 independent title insurers wrote the remaining 20% (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2025).

The four groups are FNF, First American, Stewart and Old Republic. Each reports title revenue in its own way, so the figures below are not like-for-like: some include escrow fees and investment income, and Old Republic reports premiums and fees earned.

Claims are a small cost next to these totals. FNF provided for title claim losses at 4.5% of title premiums in each year from 2023 to 2025 (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2025). That is a provision rate set by FNF, not a measure of claims paid across the industry.

How much of each title premium do independent agents keep?

Independent agents kept 77.5% of the $3,250 million of agent premiums written on FNF policies in 2025, according to FNF's annual report; FNF kept the other 22.5% (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2025). FNF recorded $3,250 million of agency premiums that year against $2,574 million of premiums from its own direct title offices (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2025). FNF describes the underwriter's share as compensation partly for bearing the risk of a claim; the agent generally does the title search and examination.

The split is higher at the other underwriters and has crept up since 2021. Agents kept 80.2% of First American's agent premiums in 2025 (First American 10-K, fiscal 2025), and Stewart's independent agencies kept an average 83.0% of the revenue they generated (Stewart 10-K, fiscal 2025). Each company says the split depends on state law and local closing practice, so a shift in where its agents work moves the average.

The agent channel matters most to the smaller underwriters. Independent agents produced 78.1% of Old Republic's title premium and fee revenue in 2025, and Old Republic says the other three national groups rely more on their own offices (Old Republic 10-K, fiscal 2025). Agencies wrote 70.9% of Investors Title's net premiums in 2025, $150,778 thousand of $212,642 thousand (Investors Title 10-K, fiscal 2025). First American's own title operations earned $2,347.5 million of direct premiums and escrow fees in 2025, next to $2,959.4 million of agent premiums (First American 10-K, fiscal 2025).

How many title orders and employees do the underwriters report?

FNF's direct title offices closed 956 thousand orders in 2025, 55.9% fewer than the 2.17 million (2,169 thousand) they closed in 2021 (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2025; our calculation). These are orders handled by each company's own offices, not by its independent agents, and 2021 was a year of heavy refinancing. First American and Stewart roughly halved over the same years:

Revenue per order rose as volume fell. FNF's average fee per file was $3,948 in 2025 (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2025), and First American's domestic average revenue per closed order was $3,961 (First American 10-K, fiscal 2025). Both averages mix residential and higher-priced commercial files.

Staff counts fell too. FNF's Title segment had 22,790 full-time equivalent employees on December 26, 2025 (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2025), against 27,054 on January 31, 2022 (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2021): 4,264 fewer, a 15.8% drop (our calculation). First American had 12,143 employees in the United States at the end of 2025 (First American 10-K, fiscal 2025), down from 14,716 at the end of 2021 (First American 10-K, fiscal 2021); those counts cover all its businesses, not only title. Stewart had about 6,000 U.S. employees at the end of 2025 (Stewart 10-K, fiscal 2025) against about 6,400 at the end of 2021 (Stewart 10-K, fiscal 2021). Old Republic sold title and settlement products through 246 branch offices and owned agencies in 2025 (Old Republic 10-K, fiscal 2025), down from 275 in 2021 (Old Republic 10-K, fiscal 2021). Investors Title had 548 full-time employees at the end of 2025 (Investors Title 10-K, fiscal 2025).

How much title business do the underwriters do in Florida?

Stewart earned about $113 million of title revenue from Florida in 2025, 5% of its $2,420 million total and up from $85 million in 2024 (Stewart 10-K, fiscal 2025). In 2021 the figure was about $150 million, also 5% of the total (Stewart 10-K, fiscal 2021). Stewart rounds these amounts and says they may not add up.

Florida produced 6.4% of Investors Title's premiums written in 2025, its fifth-largest state after North Carolina, Texas, Georgia and South Carolina (Investors Title 10-K, fiscal 2025). In 2021 the company's list of largest states ran North Carolina (36.1%), Texas, Georgia and South Carolina, and did not include Florida (Investors Title 10-K, fiscal 2021).

FNF, which is based in Jacksonville, names the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation as its lead insurance regulator; that office adopted a group capital reporting requirement in late 2025 (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2025). FNF and First American do not break out Florida premiums in their 10-Ks. The Florida section of this page covers the state's own title insurer and agent counts.

What do the underwriters' filings say about cyberattacks and wire fraud?

FNF and First American both disclosed cyberattacks at the end of 2023. FNF said that in November 2023 an unauthorized third party got into some of its systems, deployed malware and took certain data (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2023). It notified approximately 1.3 million potentially affected consumers (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2023). The FNF filings reviewed here give no total cost; its 2025 report says its corporate expenses fell in 2024 partly because of a $10 million drop in incident-related expenses (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2025).

First American said its own incident, in late December 2023, and the steps it took to contain it delayed numerous customer closings until January 2024 (First American 10-K, fiscal 2023). The company also reported an earlier information security incident in the second quarter of 2019 that exposed non-public personal information through a flaw in one of its applications (First American 10-K, fiscal 2021). Neither filing gives a count of delayed closings or a cost.

Wire fraud appears as a claims and risk item, without dollar figures. FNF said many early reported and paid claims on its 2023 and 2024 policies relate to fraud such as wire fraud and other real estate fraud (FNF 10-K, fiscal 2025). Stewart lists independent agency defalcations and wire fraud among the causes of the large losses it has from time to time (Stewart 10-K, fiscal 2025). First American warns that funds sent to a fraudulent recipient may not be recoverable and that it may be liable for them (First American 10-K, fiscal 2025). The fraud section of this page covers the FBI and FTC complaint counts.

Do the underwriters' filings mention video, online notarization or digital closings?

Rarely: Doma's last annual report, for 2023, says a number of states let the closing signing take place by online video session, but most signings still happen in person (Doma 10-K, fiscal 2023). The same report says a majority of states had enacted permanent remote online notarization, while some states did not allow remote notarization (Doma 10-K, fiscal 2023). The rules section of this page quotes Florida's own online notarization law.

Stewart is the only one of the four national groups whose 10-K describes selling online notarization. Its 2021 report lists NotaryCam, an online notarization company, among the businesses it bought from 2020 onward (Stewart 10-K, fiscal 2021), and its 2025 report still describes online notarization and closing services. Doma, a title and escrow company built on software, said more than 80% of the orders run through its own title platform got a machine-learning title decision in one minute or less (Doma 10-K, fiscal 2023). It ended 2023 with 239 employees, mainly in California, Florida and Texas, after four rounds of job cuts (Doma 10-K, fiscal 2023).

Doma is also the only one of these six filers that states an advertising figure: $1.0 million in 2023, down from $2.4 million in 2022 (Doma 10-K, fiscal 2023). The fiscal 2025 annual reports of FNF, First American, Stewart, Old Republic and Investors Title do not use the word "video" (our search of the five filings).

How often do public companies' annual reports mention remote online notarization, wire fraud and seller impersonation?

Rarely: 22 Form 10-K annual reports filed in 2021-2025 contained the phrase "remote online notarization", and none filed in 2001-2020 did (our count of EDGAR full-text search results). The count peaked at 7 in 2023 and fell to 2 in 2025, partly because Black Knight and Doma stopped filing (our count). The phrase first appears in 2021, in fiscal 2020 reports by Freddie Mac, Realogy, Stewart and DocuSign that described pandemic-era changes to closings (our reading of the earliest results). Only 2 title insurers, Stewart in 2021 and Doma in 2022-2024, used it; FNF, First American, Old Republic and Investors Title did not (our count).

Wire fraud and title insurance turn up together more often. 25 10-K filings in 2025 contained both "wire fraud" and "title insurance", against 3 in 2003; the yearly count peaked at 30 in both 2020 and 2022 (our count). Most are banks that list title insurance among their products and wire fraud among their risks, so the two phrases need not appear in the same passage. "Seller impersonation", the scam in which a fraudster poses as the owner of a property to sell it, appeared in 0 10-K filings from 2001 to November 6, 2026, and in no EDGAR document of any form (our count).

These are counts of filings, not of companies or mentions; the year is the filing year, so 2025 mostly means fiscal 2024 reports. The yearly counts, filer names and query links, with older wordings such as "remote notarization" and "online notarization", are in our EDGAR 10-K counts CSV.

How many title examiners, abstractors and searchers work in the U.S.?

U.S. employers had 48,580 title examiners, abstractors and searchers (SOC 23-2093) on their payrolls in May 2025, counted across all industries by the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey (OEWS) of nonfarm employers (BLS OEWS). The count leaves out the self-employed. Against 155.5 million wage and salary jobs (155,495,730) (BLS OEWS), that is about 31.2 title examiners for every 100,000 jobs (our calculation).

Other BLS counts are larger because they add the self-employed. The Employment Projections program put the occupation at 59.8 thousand jobs in 2025, and 11.5% of them were self-employed (BLS Employment Projections). The Current Population Survey, a household survey that records each person's main job, estimated 96 thousand people working mainly as title examiners, abstractors and searchers in 2025 (BLS CPS table 11). That estimate is small for the survey and carries sizable sampling error.

The same household survey found that women held 76.3% of these jobs in 2025, and that the median worker was 46.8 years old (BLS CPS table 11b).

What do title examiners, abstractors and searchers earn?

The median annual wage was $58,650 in May 2025, per BLS OEWS (BLS OEWS). The annual mean wage was $62,350 (BLS OEWS). One in ten earned less than $38,170 a year (BLS OEWS 10th percentile) and one in ten more than $90,830 (BLS OEWS 90th percentile). These are wage and salary workers only; owners who run their own title offices are not in the figures.

How many title examiners work in Florida and in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach area?

Florida employers had 4,800 title examiners, abstractors and searchers on their payrolls in May 2025, per BLS OEWS (BLS OEWS). That is 9.9% of the U.S. total (our calculation). The occupation held 0.483 of every 1,000 Florida jobs (BLS OEWS), and Florida's location quotient was 1.55 (BLS OEWS): the occupation's share of Florida jobs was 1.55 times its share of U.S. jobs. The Florida median wage was $58,450 (BLS OEWS), close to the national median.

The Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metro area, which covers Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had 880 title examiners, abstractors and searchers on employer payrolls in May 2025 (BLS OEWS), 18.3% of Florida's total (our calculation). Their median annual wage was $59,340 (BLS OEWS). OEWS publishes no estimate for this occupation in the Port St. Lucie metro area, which includes Martin County: the cell is not released.

Which industries employ title examiners?

Legal services employed the most in May 2025: 19,260 title examiners, abstractors and searchers, or 39.6% of the occupation (our calculation), per BLS OEWS (BLS OEWS). OEWS files title abstract and settlement offices (NAICS 541191) inside legal services (NAICS 5411) and publishes no separate figure for them. Insurance carriers, the group that holds title insurance underwriters, employed 13,390 (BLS OEWS), or 27.6% (our calculation).

Automobile dealers appear because OEWS codes vehicle title clerks to the same occupation; their work is on car titles, not land titles.

Will there be more title examiner jobs?

BLS projects employment of title examiners, abstractors and searchers to grow 2.1% from 2025 to 2035 (BLS Employment Projections), from the 59.8 thousand jobs of 2025. It expects about 5.3 thousand openings a year over the decade, most of them to replace workers who retire or change jobs. BLS lists a high school diploma and moderate-term on-the-job training as the typical entry path. Projections are BLS's model-based outlook for the whole country, not a forecast for any one county.

How many title and settlement offices are there in the U.S.?

BLS's Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) counted an average of 10,011 private title abstract and settlement offices in 2025, with 56,612 jobs and average annual pay of $78,775 per job (BLS QCEW 2025). The Census Bureau's industry code for them is 541191: establishments other than law offices that research land records, prepare transfer, financing and settlement documents, conduct closings and file real estate documents (NAICS Manual 2022). Title search companies, abstract companies and real estate settlement offices are in it; title work done inside law firms is not.

In 2019 QCEW counted 8,802 offices, 61,381 jobs and pay of $63,241 (BLS QCEW 2019). From 2019 to 2025 the number of offices rose 13.7%, jobs fell 7.8% and average pay rose 24.6% before inflation (our calculations). The average office had 5.7 jobs in 2025, down from 7.0 in 2019 (our calculations).

Census's County Business Patterns found 9,825 title abstract and settlement offices with paid employees in March 2023 (U.S. Census Bureau CBP). 6,178 of them, or 62.9% (our calculation), had fewer than five employees (U.S. Census Bureau CBP size classes). The 2022 Economic Census counted 9,824 such establishments with paid employees (U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census).

No count exists of title offices with no employees. Census's Nonemployer Statistics publish legal services only as a whole: 275,815 U.S. legal services businesses had no paid employees in 2024 (U.S. Census Bureau NES), and 24,106 in Florida (U.S. Census Bureau NES). Those figures include law practices, so they are context, not a title count.

How many people work for title insurance underwriters?

Private direct title insurance carriers (NAICS 524127) averaged 54,142 jobs in 2025, per BLS QCEW (BLS QCEW 2025), down 9.4% from 59,785 in 2019 (BLS QCEW 2019; our calculation). QCEW counted 5,543 of their establishments. That counts each reporting office, including underwriters' branch and direct-operation offices, so it is far more than the number of title insurance companies. Average annual pay was $121,673 per job.

The business is concentrated. In the 2022 Economic Census the four largest firms took 80.2 percent of direct title insurance carriers' receipts (U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census), against 14.9 percent for the four largest title abstract and settlement firms (U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census). Census does not name the firms.

How much revenue do title companies take in?

U.S. title abstract and settlement offices with paid employees took in 12,539,841 thousand dollars (about $12.5 billion) in 2022, per the Economic Census (U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census), about $1,276 thousand per establishment (our calculation). Title, abstract and settlement services themselves brought in 10,989,395 thousand dollars, or 87.6% of receipts (our calculation) (U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census products). Census does not split that line into search, examination and closing fees. Separately billed notarization and certification services brought in 31,672 thousand dollars; notary work bundled into a closing fee sits in the title and settlement line.

Census's annual survey series puts 2024 revenue at 12,701,203 thousand dollars (U.S. Census Bureau AIES). That is up 22.7% from 10,347,907 thousand dollars in 2019 before inflation, and down 11.5% from the 2021 high of 14,357,909 thousand dollars (U.S. Census Bureau AIES historical series; our calculations). The annual survey is a sample estimate and is not directly comparable with the 2022 census.

Direct title insurance carriers took in 23,431,265 thousand dollars (about $23.4 billion) in 2022 (U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census). Underwriting title insurance policies brought in 21,144,729 thousand dollars, or 90.2% of it (our calculation) (U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census products). The annual survey puts carriers' 2024 revenue at 19,903,960 thousand dollars (U.S. Census Bureau AIES). Census receipts are not statutory premiums written, so they differ from the trade association's premium totals in the market section.

How many title offices are in Florida and in Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties?

Florida had an average of 1,214 private title abstract and settlement offices in 2025, per BLS QCEW (BLS QCEW 2025). That is 12.1% of the U.S. total (our calculation), up 27.0% from 956 in 2019 (BLS QCEW 2019; our calculation). They averaged 5,655 jobs, 10.0% of the U.S. total (our calculation), at average annual pay of $68,060. The Economic Census put Florida offices' 2022 receipts at 1,271,092 thousand dollars (about $1.3 billion) (U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census), 10.1% of the U.S. industry (our calculation).

Florida also had 614 private establishments of direct title insurance carriers in 2025, with 4,743 jobs (BLS QCEW 2025), 8.8% of the industry's U.S. jobs (our calculation).

The three counties held 18.9% of Florida's private title offices in 2025 (our calculation). BLS withholds Martin County's employment and pay to protect individual employers. County counts this small move with single openings, closures and moves.

How much do title businesses spend on advertising?

Census's Annual Integrated Economic Survey publishes no advertising figure for title offices or title insurers alone, only for broader groups. In 2024 U.S. legal services firms, the group that includes title abstract and settlement offices, spent 9,284,140 thousand dollars (about $9.3 billion) on purchased advertising and promotional services (U.S. Census Bureau AIES), the same figure our legal video marketing statistics print. Insurance carriers and related activities, which include title insurers and agencies, spent 18,055,088 thousand dollars (about $18.1 billion) (U.S. Census Bureau AIES). Both totals pool title businesses with much larger groups: law firms in the first; life, health and property insurers in the second. The figures cover money paid to outside parties, not in-house marketing staff.

How much title insurance is written in Florida?

Title insurers wrote $1.98 billion ($1,975,220,979) of direct premiums in Florida in calendar year 2023, the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (OIR) counts from the insurers’ own annual statements; its 2024 annual report, published in July 2026, is the newest state count (OIR). That was 21.1% more than the $1,631,554,200 of 2019 (OIR) and 28.3% less than the $2,754,017,548 of 2022 (OIR), before inflation (our calculation). ALTA, the title industry’s trade association, puts Florida’s 2023 premiums at $1.92 billion in its own count (see Florida in ALTA’s premium data).

Written premiums include policies sold through title agents. OIR regulates the insurers; the Department of Financial Services (DFS) licenses title agents and agencies, OIR’s report says (OIR).

Which title insurers write the most in Florida?

Old Republic National Title Insurance Co. wrote the most Florida title premiums in 2023, $593,620,771, or 30.1% of the state total, by OIR’s count of direct premiums written (OIR). OIR’s financial abstracts list 32 title insurance companies authorized in Florida for 2023, and 26 of them wrote Florida premiums that year (our count). The five largest companies wrote 76.3% of the total (our calculation).

OIR ranks underwriter companies, not groups: Fidelity National Title and Chicago Title both belong to FNF, so the family shares are larger than any one row (the underwriters’ own Florida figures are in what the underwriters report about Florida). Old Republic also led in 2019, with $486,639,851 (29.8%) of Florida title premiums (OIR). In an OIR-sponsored study published in 2006, five title insurance groups accounted for 93% of Florida premiums (OIR); that share counts groups, so it is not like for like with the company share above.

OIR recorded 1 confirmed consumer complaint against title insurers in 2023 (OIR), against 33 in 2019 (OIR). The report does not explain the change, so the two years are not a measured trend.

How many title agents and agencies does Florida license?

We could not count them from a public file. DFS licenses Florida’s title agents and agencies, but its licensee search is an interactive form, and its bulk licensee download files sit in a directory that the site’s robots.txt closes to all crawlers, so we left them out. Counts of title offices in Florida and in Palm Beach, Broward and Martin counties come from federal statistics instead (see title offices in Florida).

What agencies earn is collected but not published. Every Florida title agency must file OIR’s data call of revenue, loss and expense data by May 31 each year (see the rules section), and we found no aggregate results of it on OIR’s site. The last public estimate is old: OIR’s 2006 actuarial report said approximately 75% of Florida title industry revenue was paid to title agents, through related title services or their share of premiums (OIR). The same report noted that only 22% of independent agents, by premium volume, answered OIR’s voluntary data call in 1997 (OIR). Florida law now requires the insurer to keep at least 30 percent of each agent-issued premium.

How many notaries does Florida have, and when did online notarization start?

Florida had 489,547 commissioned notaries public in the Department of State’s count last updated July 8, 2026 (Florida Department of State). That is 2,093.9 notaries per 100,000 residents against the state’s April 1, 2025 population estimate of 23.4 million (23,379,261) (EDR) (our calculation).

The Department’s Division of Corporations filed 126,294 notary commissions in 2025 (Florida Department of State), 19.1% more than the 106,023 of 2014 (Florida Department of State) (our calculation). The 2014-2025 series peaked at 135,482 in 2021 (Florida Department of State).

Florida’s law allowing remote online notarization took effect January 1, 2020, the Department of State says (Florida Department of State). A Florida notary registers as an online notary for an initial fee of $10 (Florida Department of State), and must first contract with a RON service provider for the audio-video, identity-proofing and recording technology; the Department says it does not recommend or endorse any vendor. The caps on what an online notary may charge per act ($25) and how long recordings are kept (10 years) are in the rules section. The Department’s lists of approved online notaries and RON service providers are search forms only, so we did not count them.

How much property changes hands in Florida, by documentary stamp tax?

Florida collected $4,097.0 million in documentary stamp tax in fiscal year 2025-26 (July 2025 to June 2026), 10.7 percent more than the year before, the Legislature’s Office of Economic and Demographic Research (EDR) reports (EDR). The tax falls on deeds and on notes and mortgages, so it tracks the value of sales and loans, not the number of closings. A cash sale produces a deed but no note, and cash sales were 40.1 percent of Florida home sales in March 2026, EDR says (EDR).

Florida’s county clerks reported $2.54 billion ($2,541,039,590) of documentary stamp tax on deeds in fiscal year 2025-26, 68.8% of the documentary stamp tax they reported; deed tax was up 48.2% from fiscal year 2018-19, before inflation (our sums from the Department of Revenue’s county files). The clerks’ total is smaller than EDR’s statewide collections, and we do not reconcile the two.

Palm Beach County’s deed tax was the second largest of any Florida county in fiscal year 2025-26, after Miami-Dade’s $291,149,278, which taxes deeds at a lower rate; Palm Beach, Broward and Martin together produced 19.8% of the state’s deed tax (our calculation). The implied value divides each county’s deed tax by the deed rate; it counts deeds that are not sales and is not a count of closings. Per-resident figures use EDR’s April 1, 2025 estimates: Palm Beach 1.56 million (1,556,161) (EDR), Broward 1.99 million (1,993,535) (EDR) and Martin 166,281 (EDR). The county figures for all three years are in our documentary stamp tax by county file.

We did not use county recording counts. Broward County’s site, which hosts its official records office, bars AI crawlers in its robots.txt; the Palm Beach County Clerk’s site refused our requests; and we found no published recording totals for Martin County.

How much real estate and email-compromise fraud did the FBI’s IC3 record from 2019 to 2025?

In 2025 the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) received 12,368 complaints in its real estate category (FBI IC3), with $275.1 million ($275,110,419) in reported losses (FBI IC3). The same year it received 24,768 business email compromise (BEC) complaints (FBI IC3), with $3.05 billion ($3,046,598,558) in reported losses (FBI IC3). These are complaints people and businesses filed with IC3 in each calendar year, with the losses they reported. They are not a count of all fraud.

The two categories measure different things. IC3 defines its real estate category as loss of funds from a real estate investment or fraud involving rental or timeshare property. IC3’s own case summaries describe closing-wire diversions, such as a spoofed “title company” email with new wire instructions, as BEC incidents. BEC covers every sector, not only real estate. IC3 publishes no separate count of closing-wire fraud. Until the 2022 report the categories were named “Real Estate/Rental” and “BEC/EAC”.

Real estate losses reported to IC3 were 24.3% higher in 2025 than in 2019, before inflation (our calculation). They rose 58.5% from 2024 to 2025 (our calculation), but stayed 30.7% below the 2022 peak (our calculation). The average reported loss per real estate complaint was $22,244 in 2025 (our calculation), against $18,957 in 2019 (our calculation). Both averages include complaints that reported no loss.

BEC losses grew faster. They were 71.5% higher in 2025 than in 2019 (our calculation), and averaged $123,005 per complaint in 2025 (our calculation). In 2025 BEC losses were 11.1 times the losses in IC3’s real estate category (our calculation). For scale, IC3 put losses across all crime types at $16.6 billion in 2024 (FBI IC3).

How much of IC3’s real estate fraud loss came from people aged 60 and over?

Complainants aged 60 and over reported $123.7 million ($123,671,936) in real estate losses to IC3 in 2025 (FBI IC3), from 2,473 complaints (FBI IC3). That is 45.0% of all real estate losses IC3 recorded that year (our calculation). IC3 groups complainants by the age they gave in the complaint.

How much real estate and email-compromise fraud did Florida victims report to IC3 in 2025?

IC3’s 2025 Florida state report counted 1,280 victims in the real estate category (FBI IC3), who reported $30.9 million ($30,863,761) in losses (FBI IC3). That works out to $24,112 per victim (our calculation). The same report counted 2,025 Florida BEC victims (FBI IC3), with $187.3 million ($187,280,919) in losses (FBI IC3). The state report counts victims who gave a Florida location.

Florida victims made up 11.2% of the real estate losses and 6.1% of the BEC losses in IC3’s 2025 national totals (our calculation). The shares are approximate: the national totals include every complainant, not only those who gave a state. Across all crime types, Florida ranked third among states in 2025, with $1.6 billion ($1,596,138,595) in reported losses (FBI IC3).

What has the FBI said about fraud aimed at title companies, closings and vacant land?

In May 2017 IC3 reported a 480% increase in 2016 in complaints filed by title companies that were the primary target of BEC (FBI IC3). It gave the percent change only, not the counts. In June 2023 it said victim reports of BEC with a real estate nexus rose 27% from 2020 to 2022 (FBI IC3), and the losses in those reports rose 72% (FBI IC3). IC3 said the rise in losses may also reflect higher real estate costs. It named buyers, sellers, real estate attorneys, title companies and agents as targets.

On 16 June 2026 the FBI warned that criminals impersonate the owners of vacant property parcels and try to sell the land without the owner’s knowledge (FBI IC3). In the scheme it describes, the criminals use fake IDs and internet phone numbers, contact a local realtor and title company, and ask for the sale money to go to an attorney in another state. The FBI listed red flags such as a seller who will not meet in person, pushes to close fast or asks for a wire to an account in another name. It suggested checking whether the county recorder or clerk offers a recording-notification service, and reviewing title policy coverage. The warning gives no counts or losses.

Which FTC Consumer Sentinel categories cover real estate and impersonation, and where does Florida rank?

Consumers filed 845,806 imposter scam reports with the FTC’s Consumer Sentinel Network in 2024, the third-largest report category (FTC). That category covers people posing as businesses, government agencies, family and friends, romantic partners and tech support. Sentinel also has a narrower “Real Estate” subcategory, which logged 20,140 reports in 2024 (FTC). Reports are not verified, and a consumer can file under more than one category.

Florida consumers filed 474,314 fraud and other reports in 2024, and Florida ranked first among states in such reports per capita (FTC). They reported $866.1 million in fraud losses (FTC). These are the FTC’s 2024 Data Book figures, published in March 2025. We could not reach a copy of a 2025 Data Book.

What did FinCEN find in bank reports on real estate email compromise?

FinCEN, the Treasury’s financial-crimes bureau, found 2,013 real estate BEC incidents in Bank Secrecy Act filings that both occurred and were filed between January 2020 and December 2021 (FinCEN). Those incidents were worth $710 million (FinCEN), about $352,707 each on average (our calculation). The amounts can include attempted transfers. Title and closing entities were the most commonly impersonated parties: 37% of the incidents involved impersonation of title and closing entities (FinCEN). FinCEN said individual homebuyers suffer disproportionately from these schemes.

An earlier FinCEN analysis of sampled suspicious activity reports found that real estate firms rose to 16 percent of the firms targeted by BEC in 2018, up from 2017 (FinCEN).

How many title companies report seller impersonation attempts?

In the American Land Title Association’s spring 2026 survey of 245 title insurance professionals (ALTA), 59% of firms reported at least one seller impersonation fraud attempt in the prior calendar year (ALTA). One in four firms that reported an attempt also reported a paid claim tied to that fraud (ALTA). 82% of firms rated vacant land as at least a somewhat common target, the top property type (ALTA).

ALTA’s earlier study, published in August 2024 and run by ndp | analytics, drew responses from 783 title companies (ALTA). In it, 28% of title insurance companies said they had at least one seller impersonation attempt in 2023 (ALTA), and 16% of the companies that had attempts paid claims (ALTA). ALTA is the title industry’s trade association, and its members are title companies and agents. The two samples differ in size and firm mix, so the change between surveys is not like-for-like. ALTA’s 2026 study page lists CertifID, which sells wire-verification services, as the sponsor.

What do wire-verification vendors’ surveys show, and where do their numbers conflict with the agencies?

CertifID sells wire-verification, insurance and fund-recovery services to title companies. In its November 2023 online survey of 650 U.S. consumers who had bought or sold property in the prior three years (CertifID), more than 1 in 20 said they became victims of fraud during their closing (CertifID). CertifID’s 2025 and 2026 editions do not publish field dates on their public pages, and the full reports sit behind a lead form, so this page does not print their survey results.

Vendor citations of agency data need checking. A February 2025 CertifID article gave a 2024 IC3 loss total that is in fact the FTC’s 2024 Consumer Sentinel fraud-loss total, and said real estate wire fraud accounted for an estimated $500 million of it (CertifID). IC3’s own 2024 total was $16.6 billion, and IC3 publishes no real estate wire fraud estimate.

Which South Florida county clerks offer property fraud alerts?

The Palm Beach County Clerk’s free Property Fraud Alert service emails registrants within 24 hours when a document recorded in the county’s Official Records exactly matches a registered name, address or parcel number (Palm Beach County Clerk). The Clerk’s page for new homeowners says 48 hours (Palm Beach County Clerk), so the two pages disagree. The Martin County Clerk offers Recording Activity Notification Alerts any time a document is recorded under a name the registrant has listed (Martin County Clerk). Neither clerk publishes a subscriber count on these pages. Broward County’s records site bars AI crawlers in its robots.txt, so this page does not read Broward’s program.

What does a Florida owner's title insurance policy cost under the state's promulgated rate?

In 2026 the premium for an owner's title insurance policy on a $250,000 Florida home is $1,325, our calculation from the rate schedule in Florida Administrative Code rule 69O-186.003, which the Financial Services Commission promulgates for every title insurer in the state (F.A.C. 69O-186.003). Title companies cannot discount that premium on their own: the statute bars anyone from knowingly charging a title insurance premium other than the premium adopted by the commission (Fla. Stat. 627.780).

The schedule is a rate per $1,000 of coverage. It charges $5.75 per $1,000 on the first $100,000 (F.A.C. 69O-186.003), adds $5.00 per $1,000 from $100,000 to $1 million, and adds $2.50 per $1,000 above $1 million up to $5 million (F.A.C. 69O-186.003). The minimum premium is $100 (F.A.C. 69O-186.003). The owner's policy must be written for the full insurable value of the property (F.A.C. 69O-186.003), so on a purchase the premium follows the price.

The table applies the schedule to four policy amounts. The figures are the owner's policy premium alone: before endorsements, before any lender's policy, and before the title search, examination and closing fees that Florida title agents charge separately (our calculation). The reissue column assumes the sale qualifies for the reissue rate and the earlier policy was for at least the same amount.

The reissue rate is $3.30 per $1,000 on the first $100,000 (F.A.C. 69O-186.003) and $3.00 per $1,000 from there to $1 million (F.A.C. 69O-186.003). It applies only in cases the rule lists, such as a new policy dated less than 3 years after the policy that insured the seller, when the earlier owner's policy is kept on file (F.A.C. 69O-186.003).

A buyer who borrows usually needs a lender's policy too. Issued at the same time as the owner's policy, it costs a minimum of $25.00 for coverage up to the owner's policy amount (F.A.C. 69O-186.003). On a $250,000 purchase with a loan of no more than that, the two policies together come to $1,350 (our calculation).

How much of a Florida title premium does the insurer keep, and how often is the rate reviewed?

When an agent sells the policy, Florida law requires the title insurer to keep not less than 30 percent of the premium (Fla. Stat. 627.782). On the $1,325 owner's premium for a $250,000 policy, that is at least $397.50 for the underwriter, with the rest available to the agent (our calculation). How the split works out in practice is in how much of the premium title agents keep.

The rate itself has not changed in a long time. The latest version of rule 69O-186.003 took effect on 1/27/2002 (flrules.org), 24 years before our November 2026 check (our calculation). The statute tells the commission to review the premium as needed and at least once every 3 years, and to revise it if the review warrants (Fla. Stat. 627.782); a review does not have to end in a change. For those reviews, every title agency and title insurer must send the Office of Insurance Regulation revenue, loss and expense data by May 31 of each year (Fla. Stat. 627.782).

What does Florida require of title agents and title agencies?

A Florida title insurance agent licence requires a 40-hour title insurance course, approved by the Department of Financial Services, or a stretch of supervised title experience, plus a passed state exam (Fla. Stat. 626.8417). Licensed agents then need 10 hours of continuing education every 2 years in Florida title insurance and escrow management, including ethics or compliance (Fla. Stat. 626.2815).

Before a title insurer can appoint an agency, the agency must hold a fidelity bond of at least $50,000 (Fla. Stat. 626.8419), errors and omissions insurance of at least $250,000 per claim (Fla. Stat. 626.8419), and a surety bond of at least $35,000 payable to the insurers that appoint it (Fla. Stat. 626.8419).

The law also reaches names and marketing. A title agent or agency may not adopt a name containing "title company," "title insurance," "title guaranty" or "title guarantee" unless "agent" or "agency" follows in the same size and type (Fla. Stat. 626.8413). The Department must deny, suspend or revoke the licence of an agent or agency that willfully misrepresents a title policy or commitment, in person or through any form of advertising (Fla. Stat. 626.8437). Insurers and their agents must keep the evidence behind each title search and insurability decision for at least 7 years after the commitment or policy is issued (Fla. Stat. 627.7845).

How does Florida regulate the escrow money title agencies hold?

Florida treats closing money a title agency holds as trust funds that belong to the people entitled to them, and a licensed title agent must reconcile every escrow account monthly and report each reconciliation to its title insurers (F.A.C. 69O-186.009). Taking that money is a crime graded by the amount: converting or misappropriating $100,000 or more of a title agency's escrow or trust funds is a first-degree felony (Fla. Stat. 626.8473).

What are Florida's rules for remote online notarization?

Florida caps the fee for an online notarial act at $25 (Fla. Stat. 117.275), against $10 for an in-person notarial act (Fla. Stat. 117.05). The online cap covers the notarial act only. Fees charged by the remote online notarization (RON) platform fall outside it, and the statute says those platform services are not closing services.

To register as an online notary, a Florida notary needs a $25,000 bond (Fla. Stat. 117.225) and errors and omissions insurance of at least $25,000 (Fla. Stat. 117.225). The platform, which the statute calls a RON service provider, must carry at least $250,000 of errors and omissions coverage in the annual aggregate for its technology and processes (Fla. Stat. 117.295).

The provider keeps an unedited audio-video recording of each online notarization and the notary keeps an electronic journal; both must be kept for at least 10 years after the notarial act (Fla. Stat. 117.245).

Unless the notary knows the signer personally, the notary must confirm identity through remote presentation of a government ID, credential analysis of that ID, and identity proofing, usually knowledge-based authentication (KBA): questions built from public and proprietary records; if any step fails, the notarization cannot go ahead (Fla. Stat. 117.265). Under the default standard the statute sets until the Department of State adopts its own, the signer must answer at least 80 percent of the KBA questions correctly (Fla. Stat. 117.295).

What are the federal TRID deadlines and tolerances for a closing?

Under the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure (TRID) rule in Regulation Z, the lender must deliver or mail the Loan Estimate by the third business day after it receives the application (12 CFR 1026.19), and no later than the seventh business day before consummation (12 CFR 1026.19). The borrower must receive the Closing Disclosure no later than three business days before consummation (12 CFR 1026.19). A settlement agent, the role a title company often plays, may provide the Closing Disclosure, but the lender stays responsible for getting it right (12 CFR 1026.19).

Estimates are held to tolerances. Charges for third-party services the borrower was allowed to shop for, from providers not affiliated with the lender, plus recording fees, may not exceed the Loan Estimate's total for them by more than 10 percent (12 CFR 1026.19). Other charges are held to the amount first disclosed, with exceptions the rule lists. Our mortgage video statistics cover Regulation Z's advertising rules.

What penalties do RESPA Sections 8 and 9 carry?

RESPA Section 8 (12 U.S.C. 2607(d)(1)) makes a kickback violation a crime punishable by a fine of up to $10,000, up to one year in prison, or both (12 U.S.C. 2607). Violators of RESPA Section 8 are jointly and severally liable to the borrower for three times the amount of any charge paid for the settlement service involved (12 U.S.C. 2607). The CFPB's kickback cases, including one against a title agency, are on our mortgage video statistics page.

Section 9 is the title-specific rule. A seller of a home bought with a federally related mortgage loan may not require, as a condition of the sale, that the buyer buy title insurance from any particular title company (12 U.S.C. 2608). A seller who does is liable to the buyer for three times all charges made for that title insurance (12 U.S.C. 2608).

Is FinCEN's Residential Real Estate rule in effect in November 2026?

No. As of November 7, 2026, FinCEN's own rule page says the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas issued an order vacating the Residential Real Estate rule on March 19, 2026 (FinCEN). FinCEN and the Department of Justice have appealed. While the order stands, reporting persons are not required to file Real Estate Reports and face no liability for not filing (FinCEN).

FinCEN issued the rule on August 28, 2024 (FinCEN). It requires a person in each closing, chosen through a reporting cascade that starts with the settlement agent, to report non-financed transfers of residential property to legal entities and trusts. The Federal Register version was to take effect on December 1, 2025 (Federal Register). On September 30, 2025 FinCEN used a temporary exemptive relief order to postpone reporting until March 1, 2026 (FinCEN). We found no later FinCEN document in the Federal Register that changes the rule.

FinCEN's own analysis shows how much the rule leaned on title firms. Of 100 deeds it sampled, 97 involved a title abstract and settlement office, a direct title insurer or a law office (Federal Register). It estimated between 800,000 and 850,000 reportable transfers a year (Federal Register) and put the midpoint of its first-year cost estimate at $559.4 million (Federal Register). Both are FinCEN's estimates, not counts.

Which Florida counties did FinCEN's real estate Geographic Targeting Orders cover?

FinCEN's last residential real estate Geographic Targeting Order (GTO), dated October 9, 2025, named 11 Florida counties (our count), Palm Beach and Broward among them; Martin County was not on the list (FinCEN GTO). The orders require title insurance companies to identify the people behind shell companies that buy homes without a bank loan, at a purchase price of $300,000 or more in the covered Florida counties (FinCEN).

That order ran until February 28, 2026, the day before the rule's postponed start (FinCEN GTO). FinCEN's press releases through November 6, 2026 announce no renewal of the residential real estate GTOs. Miami-Dade County was in FinCEN's first orders, with Manhattan; in July 2016 FinCEN extended them to the two counties immediately north, Broward and Palm Beach (FinCEN).

What do the popular title insurance numbers really say?

Title company websites, consumer finance sites and marketing vendors repeat four numbers more than any others. We traced each one to the survey, report or company that produced it and read what it measured. Pages that repeat a number are linked only as dated evidence of how it spread, never as a source for the number itself. ALTA, which appears throughout, is the American Land Title Association, the trade association of title insurers and title agents.

“Title insurance costs 0.5% to 1% of the price” and “title is the largest closing cost”

The price range has no study behind it: its earliest dated form is a 2004 newspaper column. Sandy Gadow’s syndicated column “How your Title Insurance Dollar is Divided Up”, posted on ALTA’s consumer pages by March 2006, said a policy costs “about one-half to one percent of the purchase price” and named no data (Gadow column on alta.org, archived). ALTA’s consumer site HomeClosing101.org has carried the same sentence, word for word, since its first archived copy in December 2015, and still said “about one-half to one percent” in June 2026 (ALTA HomeClosing101, archived). ALTA’s consumer pages archived in 2004, 2005, 2008 and 2014 do not carry the range.

Repeats change what the range covers. ValuePenguin, a LendingTree-owned comparison site, on a page first published in 2017 and resting on December 2019 home price data, quotes an ALTA spokesman saying the lender’s and owner’s policies together cost about 0.5% to 1% of the purchase price (ValuePenguin). The same page turns that one-time charge into “a monthly premium of $114.38 to $228.75” on a median-priced home, which is the range split into monthly amounts although title insurance is paid once, at closing (ValuePenguin). Redfin, a real estate brokerage, wrote in June 2025 that title insurance works out to roughly 0.5% to 1% of the price for most buyers, with no source (Redfin).

Measured shares of closing costs depend on what is counted. GAO’s April 2006 report cited a 2005 Bankrate.com survey of online quotes: both title policies plus other title costs on a $180,000 loan came to about $925, or 34 percent of average loan origination and closing fees (GAO-06-568, archived). A year later GAO-07-401 cited Bankrate’s 2006 survey: about $859 on a $200,000 loan, or 28 percent of those fees (GAO-07-401, archived). GAO said it did not assess either survey, and Bankrate’s base leaves out taxes, prepaid items and real estate commissions. HUD’s November 2008 RESPA rule on the new Good Faith Estimate said title fees account for over 70 percent of third-party fees, a base that also leaves out the lender’s own charges (HUD, Federal Register).

Counted against everything paid at a sale, title is small. GAO-07-401’s Figure 6, built from Fidelity National Title Group data for one $500,000 California sale with a $450,000 loan in 2005, put title insurance at $2,088 of $47,129 in closing costs (GAO-07-401, archived), behind the real estate commission at $30,000, lender fees and government taxes (GAO-07-401, archived). ALTA’s July 2011 reply to Bankrate turned that single example into a rule: title insurance “in most cases” is about 4 percent of closing costs, “according to a study released by the Government Accountability Office” (ALTA). The “largest closing cost” wording narrows the base the other way. The CFPB’s homebuyer guide says title services are the largest costs in this category, meaning the closing services a borrower can shop for (CFPB). A 2021 San Antonio Current article said that, aside from the broker’s fee, title insurance is “generally the single largest closing cost” on a home purchase, with no source (San Antonio Current). We found no study that measures it that way.

Use instead: give a dollar premium for a stated price and state, not a percentage. In Florida the owner’s premium follows the state’s promulgated rate schedule, covered in the rules section of this page: by our calculation, $1,325 on a $250,000 policy and $2,575 on a $500,000 one, before endorsements and fees. For a ranking, the CFPB calls title fees the next largest category of closing costs after lender origination fees. If quoting GAO, say “in one 2005 California example, title insurance was $2,088 of closing costs that included a $30,000 commission”, and name the base whenever a share of closing costs is given.

“One in three title searches reveals a problem”

The figure comes from ALTA’s own member surveys, which asked title agents how often they cured title problems, and its documented value is 36 percent of residential transactions in 2005, a housing-boom year. ALTA’s 2000 Abstracter and Title Agent Operations Survey drew answers from 420 member companies (ALTA, archived), and the agents said they fixed title problems before issuing a policy 25% of the time (ALTA, archived). The association’s August 2002 release restated that as title problems arising in one out of every four real estate transactions (ALTA). By 2005 its consumer Q&A said “Twenty-five percent of title searches find a title problem” (ALTA, archived), and the 2004 Gadow column on its site put it as one out of every four transactions (Gadow column on alta.org, archived).

ALTA’s April 13, 2006 release reported the 2005 survey: title problems were found in 36 percent of all residential real estate transactions (new and resale homes, and refinances), up from 25 percent in 2000 (ALTA, archived). The release gave no sample size or field dates, and the full report was sold to members. Its headline rounded the result to “One-Third of All Residential Real Estate Transactions Have Title Issues” (ALTA, archived). ALTA’s reprint of the Inman News story the next day is headlined 35% while the story says 36 percent (ALTA reprint of Inman).

Later wording turned one survey year into a constant and transactions into searches. A Stewart Title brochure from August 2009 said that, according to ALTA surveys, title problems “consistently arise in one out of three real estate transactions (36%)” (Stewart Title, archived). In 2010 ALTA told Forbes readers that agents find issues in one out of every three title searches (ALTA) and told the Consumer Federation of America the same, “one out of every three title searches” (ALTA). ALTA’s HomeClosing101 page has said since December 2015 that searches reveal problems on more than a third of residential transactions, with no year (ALTA HomeClosing101, archived). Wikipedia’s article states that “More than one-third of all title searches reveal a title problem” (Wikipedia).

Use instead: ALTA’s May 2024 study by ndp analytics surveyed 674 title insurance companies in the first quarter of 2024 (ALTA via PR Newswire). The companies estimated that 36% of their 2023 transactions were “difficult”, needing extensive, nonroutine title clearance work (ALTA via PR Newswire). That is a different measure from 2005: a share of files rated difficult, not a share with any title problem. Say “title companies estimated 36% of 2023 transactions needed extensive curative work (ALTA survey)”, and name ALTA as the industry’s trade association.

“Title insurers pay only 5% of premiums in claims”

The 5 percent is a real GAO figure for 2004 and 2005, but it divides losses by every premium dollar, including the share title agents keep, and it comes from the peak of the housing boom. Earlier forms gave no ratio or no source: ALTA’s August 2002 release said title insurers paid about $460 million in claims in 2001, up from $350 million in 2000 (ALTA), and the 2004 Gadow column on ALTA’s site said claims have historically been 4-6% of total revenue collected (Gadow column on alta.org, archived).

GAO’s April 2006 report, citing ALTA data, said title insurers’ losses and loss adjustment expenses were about 5 percent of total premiums written in 2004 (GAO-06-568, archived), against 73 percent of premiums for property-casualty insurers (GAO-06-568, archived). GAO-07-401 repeated the comparison for 2005: losses and loss adjustment expenses were about 5 percent of total premiums written, while about 70 percent was paid to or retained by agents (GAO-07-401, archived), and property-casualty losses were 73 percent of written premiums (GAO-07-401, archived). Agents typically keep 80 to 90 percent of the premium a consumer pays; the industry-wide agent share is lower because insurers also sell directly (GAO-07-401, archived). So most of each premium dollar never reaches the insurer, and the 5 percent is not comparable to a property-casualty loss ratio without saying so.

The ratio moves with the market. ALTA reported $1.02 billion in claims paid in 2011 (ALTA) against $9.47 billion in premiums written (ALTA), and $908 million in claims paid in 2012 (ALTA) against $11.4 billion in premiums (ALTA). These are claims paid in each year on policies of any age, so they are not a loss ratio either. Wikipedia divides the 2012 pair as about 8.1% of “$11.2 billion” in premiums, a premium total that differs from ALTA’s release (Wikipedia).

Use instead: for the current year, ALTA’s claims paid were 3.6% of 2025 premiums (our calculation) and NAIC put the 2025 loss ratio at 4.3%. For a longer run, Milliman’s May 2024 analysis for ALTA, using statutory data filed with the NAIC, found title claim costs averaged over 4% of premiums collected in 2013-2022 (Milliman for ALTA), against 70% for homeowners insurance (Milliman for ALTA). Title insurers spent 95% of premiums on loss elimination and other operating costs over the same years (Milliman for ALTA), and Milliman notes that the combined claims and expense ratios of the two lines are comparable. Say “claims averaged over 4% of title premiums in 2013-2022, because most of the premium pays for searching and curing titles (Milliman for ALTA)”, and use the market section of this page for the newest year.

“Video on a landing page lifts conversions by 80%”

The 80% is a best case from one video vendor, EyeView, in 2009-2010, about financial and tutoring websites, not title or real estate. EyeView’s blog first reported that eToro visitors who watched its video were 20% more likely to download the product (December 2008) (EyeView, archived). In February 2009 it said UMOO viewers were 80% more likely to become depositing users, comparing viewers with non-viewers for one client (EyeView, archived), and in November 2009 it quoted a TutorVista manager on a first test that lifted conversion by over 80 percent (EyeView, archived). Its 2010 white paper said only that “in some cases” the boost was over 80% (EyeView white paper, archived), and the one test it described, the eToro split test, was now almost 32 percent (EyeView white paper, archived).

The scope fell away in repeats. By August 2010 Unbounce, a landing-page software seller, wrote that video on landing pages can increase conversion by 80% (Unbounce, archived), and WordStream, a pay-per-click software seller, repeated 80% in March 2016, crediting “EyeWideDigital” (WordStream). Software sellers to the real estate trade carry it on without a source: Rechat, a marketing platform sold to agents, wrote in March 2022 that a landing-page video can boost conversions by up to 80% (Rechat), and REsimpli, a CRM seller to real estate investors, listed the same up-to-80% lift in February 2025 (REsimpli). No title, escrow or real estate test behind the figure was found.

The larger later evidence points the other way. Unbounce’s own 2021 analysis of about 35,000 customer landing pages in each of three periods (Unbounce) concluded that video appears to have a minimal or negative impact on landing-page performance regardless of the conversion goal (Unbounce). Use instead: do not cite a conversion lift for title company video; say Unbounce’s 2021 study of 35,000 pages found video had a minimal or negative effect, and judge a title office’s videos by its own orders, calls and closing feedback.

Every popular claim our research pages trace, 805 in all, is on one page: popular video statistics, fact-checked.

How we built this page

We started from the questions people search for about title company video statistics and looked for the organization that actually produced each answer. Every figure on this page sits in an evidence ledger with its source, the exact table or paragraph it came from, the measurement period, the population measured, and the date we checked it. This edition holds 571 figures from 38 publishers.

On November 7, 2026, each sourced figure on this page was re-fetched with the fetch cache cleared and matched against the recorded wording: ALTA’s premium, claims and survey releases; NAIC’s title insurance industry reports; the 10-K filings of Fidelity National Financial, First American, Stewart, Old Republic, Investors Title and Doma on SEC EDGAR; BLS occupation wage estimates (through the BLS data API), the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, and Employment Projections and Current Population Survey tables (through Internet Archive copies, because bls.gov refuses automated requests); Census County Business Patterns, the 2022 Economic Census and the Annual Integrated Economic Survey (through the Census data API); Florida Statutes, the Florida Administrative Code, Office of Insurance Regulation reports, Department of State notary counts and Department of Revenue tax files; eCFR, the Federal Register and FinCEN; the FBI’s IC3 annual and state reports and warnings, the FTC’s Consumer Sentinel Data Book (an Internet Archive copy) and FinCEN trend analyses; CFPB, FHFA and Fannie Mae pages; and the pages behind each popular claim. Our YouTube figures come from the YouTube Data API and our filing counts from EDGAR full-text search. We left out the Florida Department of Financial Services licensee files (its robots rules bar the folder they sit in), so the page has no count of licensed title agents; Broward County and Florida Governor’s office pages (robots rules that bar AI agents); and ALTA’s member-only market share files and digital closing reports.

We only cite the producer: government agencies, regulators, company filings and official posts, and the survey owner's own report. We do not cite statistics roundups, Statista-style aggregators, or salary sites without a public method. We did not bypass paywalls or sign-up forms; where a full report was gated, we used only the figures its publisher states publicly.

Figures marked "our calculation" are arithmetic on the cited numbers, and anyone can reproduce them:

This edition contains no Mark Studios customer data.

Limitations

• Counts of title businesses differ by source. BLS counts 10,011 private title abstract and settlement offices with employees in 2025; ALTA describes more than 17,000 title insurance companies without publishing how it counts them; Florida’s licence files were out of reach. We print them side by side rather than pick one.
• Premium totals differ slightly. ALTA reports $18.5 billion for 2025 and NAIC $18,456 million of direct premiums; for Florida in 2023, ALTA reports $1.92 billion and the state regulator $1,975,220,979. They use different cuts of the insurers’ statutory filings.
• Our YouTube read follows YouTube’s ranking. The 593 videos are what YouTube’s search returned for ‘title company’, ‘closing on a house’ and ‘title insurance’ (the top 200 results of each, sorted by views, with no country filter) on November 7, 2026. Most of the views went to off-topic videos, which we set aside; view counts are lifetime snapshots, and we sorted 464 channels by hand from their public text without checking any licence.
• Fraud counts are reports, not all fraud. IC3 counts complaints people chose to file; its Real Estate category covers rental, investment and timeshare fraud, while diverted closing wires are usually filed as business email compromise, which spans every industry.
• Association and seller surveys are the industry’s own. ALTA represents title companies; CertifID sells wire verification to them and sponsored ALTA’s 2026 fraud study; Proof sells online notarization. We give their sample sizes and dates where they publish them.
• Our Florida premiums are base premiums. They come from the promulgated schedule and leave out endorsements, search, closing and other fees, which the rate rule does not set.

How to cite this page

For a single figure, cite the original publisher named next to it, and link here if the verification trail is useful to your readers. Each figure has its own anchor, so you can link straight to it, for example https://www.markstudios.com/research/title-company-video-statistics#DRV-213. To cite the page as a whole:

Mark Studios. "Title Company Video Statistics." Last verified Nov 7, 2026. https://www.markstudios.com/research/title-company-video-statistics

@misc{markstudios_title_company_video_statistics_2026,
  author = {{Mark Studios}},
  title = {{Title Company Video Statistics}},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  url = {https://www.markstudios.com/research/title-company-video-statistics},
  note = {Last verified 2026-11-07}
}

Our calculations and the evidence table are free to reuse with attribution and a link to this page. Each underlying figure remains the claim of its original publisher, and some publishers ask for a link when their figures are reused.

Sources

Download the evidence table (CSV)

1. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), ALTA Reports 2025 Market Share and Title Insurance Premium Volume (press release) (2026-05-22). Accessed 2026-11-07.
2. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), ALTA Reports Title Insurance Premium Volume Increased 7% in 2024 (press release) (2025-05-15). Accessed 2026-11-07.
3. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), American Land Title Association Reports Title Insurance Premium Volume Up 6.5 Percent in 2019 (press release) (2020). Accessed 2026-11-07.
4. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), ALTA Reports Title Premium Volume Increases 21.7 Percent in 2020 (press release) (2021). Accessed 2026-11-07.
5. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), ALTA Reports Full-year, Q4 2021 Title Premium Volume (press release) (2022). Accessed 2026-11-07.
6. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), ALTA Reports Full-Year, Q4 2022 Title Insurance Premium Volume (press release) (2023). Accessed 2026-11-07.
7. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), Title Insurance Premium Volume Decreased 31% in 2023, ALTA Reports (press release) (2024). Accessed 2026-11-07.
8. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), ALTA Reports Q2 2026 Market Share and Title Premium Volume (press release) (2026-09-23). Accessed 2026-11-07.
9. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), Small Business-Dominated Title Industry Generates $30 Billion Annually to U.S. GDP, New Study Finds (press release) (2024). Accessed 2026-11-07.
10. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), ALTA Reports Q1 2026 Title Premium Volume and Market Share Data (press release) (2026-06-15). Accessed 2026-11-07.
11. National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC), Financial Regulatory Services, P&C, Title, and Life Industry Snapshots for the Period Ended December 31, 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
12. National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC), Financial Regulatory Services, U.S. Property & Casualty and Title Insurance Industries - 2025 Full Year Results (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
13. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), 2023 Mortgage Market Activity and Trends (2024-12). Accessed 2026-11-07.
14. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), Data Point: 2022 Mortgage Market Activity and Trends (2023-09). Accessed 2026-11-07.
15. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), Request for Information Regarding Fees Imposed in Residential Mortgage Transactions (closing costs RFI) (2024-05-30). Accessed 2026-11-07.
16. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), Junk fees are driving up housing costs. The CFPB wants to hear from you. (CFPB blog) (2024-03-08). Accessed 2026-11-07.
17. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), ALTA Warns Homeowners Face Greater Risks as White House Executive Order Expands Title Acceptance Pilot (press release) (2026-10-22). Accessed 2026-11-07.
18. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), ALTA Study Highlights Complexity of Title Production and Critical Role of Professional Expertise (press release) (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
19. Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), Title Acceptance Pilot FAQs (2024-03). Accessed 2026-11-07.
20. Fannie Mae, Pilot Transparency (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
21. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), ALTA Survey: Digital Closings Increase, but Barriers Slow Adoption (ALTA blog, Oct. 19, 2023) (2023-10-19). Accessed 2026-11-07.
22. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), Survey: Nearly 30 Percent of Title Agencies Offering Versions of Digital Closings During COVID-19 Pandemic (press release) (2020). Accessed 2026-11-07.
23. American Land Title Association (ALTA; title industry trade association), Title Companies Offering Digital Closings Spikes 228% Since 2019 (ALTA news) (2021-07-06). Accessed 2026-11-07.
24. Fannie Mae (Economic and Strategic Research Group), Mortgage Lender Sentiment Survey: eMortgage Adoption (Q2 2025 special topic) (2025-08-14). Accessed 2026-11-07.
25. Fannie Mae, eClosings & eMortgages (Fannie Mae Single-Family) (2025). Accessed 2026-11-07.
26. Proof (Notarize, Inc.; RON and eClosing platform, sells to title companies), The data every title company and lender needs in 2026 (Proof report landing page) (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
27. Fidelity National Financial, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), Fidelity National Financial, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-02-26). Accessed 2026-11-07.
28. Fidelity National Financial, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), Fidelity National Financial, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (2022-02-25). Accessed 2026-11-07.
29. First American Financial Corporation (SEC Form 10-K), First American Financial Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-02-18). Accessed 2026-11-07.
30. Old Republic International Corporation (SEC Form 10-K), Old Republic International Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-02-26). Accessed 2026-11-07.
31. Stewart Information Services Corporation (SEC Form 10-K), Stewart Information Services Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-02-27). Accessed 2026-11-07.
32. First American Financial Corporation (SEC Form 10-K), First American Financial Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (2022-02-17). Accessed 2026-11-07.
33. Stewart Information Services Corporation (SEC Form 10-K), Stewart Information Services Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (2022-02-28). Accessed 2026-11-07.
34. Investors Title Company (SEC Form 10-K), Investors Title Company Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (2022-03-14). Accessed 2026-11-07.
35. Investors Title Company (SEC Form 10-K), Investors Title Company Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (2026-03-16). Accessed 2026-11-07.
36. Old Republic International Corporation (SEC Form 10-K), Old Republic International Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (2022-02-28). Accessed 2026-11-07.
37. Fidelity National Financial, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), Fidelity National Financial, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (2024-02-29). Accessed 2026-11-07.
38. First American Financial Corporation (SEC Form 10-K), First American Financial Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (2024-02-21). Accessed 2026-11-07.
39. Doma Holdings, Inc. (SEC Form 10-K), Doma Holdings, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (2024-04-01). Accessed 2026-11-07.
40. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
41. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
42. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Table 1.2 Occupational projections, 2025-35, and worker characteristics, 2025 (2026-08-27). Accessed 2026-11-07.
43. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey, Table 11: Employed people by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (2025) (2026-01). Accessed 2026-11-07.
44. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey, Table 11b: Employed people by detailed occupation and age (2025) (2026-01). Accessed 2026-11-07.
45. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
46. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
47. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
48. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
49. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
50. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
51. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
52. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
53. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
54. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
55. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
56. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
57. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
58. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
59. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
60. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
61. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2025 annual averages, industry 541191 (CSV) (2026-09). Accessed 2026-11-07.
62. U.S. Census Bureau (Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget), North American Industry Classification System, United States, 2022 (NAICS Manual) (2022). Accessed 2026-11-07.
63. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2019 annual averages, industry 541191 (CSV) (2020-09). Accessed 2026-11-07.
64. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API) (2025). Accessed 2026-11-07.
65. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (Census Data API), employment size classes (2025). Accessed 2026-11-07.
66. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census: Geographic Area Statistics (Census Data API, ecnbasic) (2025). Accessed 2026-11-07.
67. U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 Nonemployer Statistics (Census Data API, nonemp) (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
68. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2025 annual averages, industry 524127 (CSV) (2026-09). Accessed 2026-11-07.
69. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, QCEW Open Data: 2019 annual averages, industry 524127 (CSV) (2020-09). Accessed 2026-11-07.
70. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census: Concentration by Largest Firms (Census Data API, ecnsize) (2025). Accessed 2026-11-07.
71. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census: Industry by Products Statistics (Census Data API, ecnnapcsind) (2025). Accessed 2026-11-07.
72. U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Integrated Economic Survey: 2024, Basic (Census Data API, aiesbasic) (not stated in API response). Accessed 2026-11-07.
73. U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Integrated Economic Survey: historical time series (Census Data API, timeseries/aies/historical) (not stated in API response). Accessed 2026-11-07.
74. U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Integrated Economic Survey: Detailed Operating Expenses: 2024 (Census Data API, aiesexp02) (not stated in API response). Accessed 2026-11-07.
75. Florida Office of Insurance Regulation, Office of Insurance Regulation 2024 Annual Report (2026-07-10). Accessed 2026-11-07.
76. Florida Office of Insurance Regulation, Office of Insurance Regulation 2020 Annual Report (2021-12-09). Accessed 2026-11-07.
77. Florida Office of Insurance Regulation, Office of Insurance Regulation 2023 Annual Report (2025-09-26). Accessed 2026-11-07.
78. Florida Office of Insurance Regulation, An Analysis of Florida's Title Insurance Market: Three Studies that Provide a Comprehensive, Multi-Faceted Review of the Florida Title Insurance Industry (2006-07-07). Accessed 2026-11-07.
79. Florida Department of State, Division of Corporations, Yearly Statistics (2026-07-08). Accessed 2026-11-07.
80. Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research, Florida Population Estimates by County and Municipality, April 1, 2025 (2025-10-15). Accessed 2026-11-07.
81. Florida Department of State, Division of Corporations, Remote Online Notary Public (RON) (undated). Accessed 2026-11-07.
82. Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research, Documentary Stamp Tax Collections and Distributions (Millions), August 14, 2026 (2026-08-14). Accessed 2026-11-07.
83. Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research, Documentary Stamp Tax Executive Summary, August 2026 (2026-08-23). Accessed 2026-11-07.
84. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), 2025 IC3 Annual Report (2026-04-16). Accessed 2026-11-07.
85. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), 2019 Internet Crime Report (2020-02-10). Accessed 2026-11-07.
86. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), 2020 Internet Crime Report (2021-03-16). Accessed 2026-11-07.
87. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), 2021 Internet Crime Report (2022-04-04). Accessed 2026-11-07.
88. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), 2022 Internet Crime Report (2023-03-14). Accessed 2026-11-07.
89. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), 2023 Internet Crime Report (2024-03-25). Accessed 2026-11-07.
90. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), 2024 IC3 Annual Report (2025-05-12). Accessed 2026-11-07.
91. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), 2025 Florida IC3 Annual Report (2026-04). Accessed 2026-11-07.
92. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), Business E-mail Compromise E-mail Account Compromise The 5 Billion Dollar Scam (PSA I-050417-PSA) (2017-05-04). Accessed 2026-11-07.
93. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), Business Email Compromise: The $50 Billion Scam (PSA I-060923-PSA) (2023-06-09). Accessed 2026-11-07.
94. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), Protect Your Property from Illegal Sales Through Parcel Owner Impersonation (Alert I-061626-PSA) (2026-06-16). Accessed 2026-11-07.
95. Federal Trade Commission (Consumer Sentinel Network), Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book 2024 (2025-03). Accessed 2026-11-07.
96. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), U.S. Department of the Treasury, Financial Trend Analysis: Business Email Compromise in the Real Estate Sector: Threat Pattern and Trend Information, January 2020 to December 2021 (2023-03-30). Accessed 2026-11-07.
97. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), U.S. Department of the Treasury, Financial Trend Analysis: Manufacturing and Construction Top Targets for Business Email Compromise (2019-07-16). Accessed 2026-11-07.
98. American Land Title Association (ALTA), Seller Impersonation Fraud Study (ALTA Critical Issues Study, 2026) (2026-09-14). Accessed 2026-11-07.
99. American Land Title Association (ALTA), Seller Impersonation Fraud infographic (ALTA and Elevated Insights Group, Sep. 2026) (2026-09). Accessed 2026-11-07.
100. American Land Title Association (ALTA), New Study Shows Increase in Seller Impersonation Fraud (ALTA press release) (2024-08-05). Accessed 2026-11-07.
101. CertifID (wire-fraud verification vendor), 2024 State of Wire Fraud Report (landing page) (2024-02). Accessed 2026-11-07.
102. CertifID (wire-fraud verification vendor), State of Wire Fraud 2025: What 1,500 consumers want real estate professionals to know about wire fraud (2025-02-03). Accessed 2026-11-07.
103. Clerk of the Circuit Court & Comptroller, Palm Beach County, What is Property Fraud Alert? (2026-10-01). Accessed 2026-11-07.
104. Clerk of the Circuit Court & Comptroller, Palm Beach County, Help for New Homeowners (2026-08-20). Accessed 2026-11-07.
105. Martin County Clerk of the Circuit Court and Comptroller, Online Services and Alerts (undated). Accessed 2026-11-07.
106. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 627.780 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
107. Cornell Legal Information Institute (Florida Administrative Code text), Fla. Admin. Code Ann. R. 69O-186.003 - Title Insurance Rates (2002-01-27). Accessed 2026-11-07.
108. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 627.782 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
109. Florida Department of State (Florida Administrative Code, flrules.org), 69O-186.003 : Title Insurance Rates - Florida Administrative Rules (2002-01-27). Accessed 2026-11-07.
110. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 626.8417 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
111. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 626.2815 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
112. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 626.8419 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
113. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 626.8413 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
114. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 626.8437 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
115. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 627.7845 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
116. Cornell Legal Information Institute (Florida Administrative Code text), Fla. Admin. Code Ann. R. 69O-186.009 - Reconciliation of Escrow Accounts (1990-02-26). Accessed 2026-11-07.
117. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 626.8473 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
118. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 117.275 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
119. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 117.05 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
120. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 117.225 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
121. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 117.295 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
122. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 117.245 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
123. The Florida Legislature (Florida Statutes), The 2026 Florida Statutes, s. 117.265 (2026). Accessed 2026-11-07.
124. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (eCFR), 12 CFR 1026.19 Certain mortgage and variable-rate transactions (2026-11-05). Accessed 2026-11-07.
125. Cornell Legal Information Institute (U.S. Code text), 12 U.S. Code § 2607 - Prohibition against kickbacks and unearned fees (2026-11-07). Accessed 2026-11-07.
126. Cornell Legal Information Institute (U.S. Code text), 12 U.S. Code § 2608 - Title companies; liability of seller (2026-11-07). Accessed 2026-11-07.
127. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), Residential Real Estate Rule | FinCEN.gov (2026-11-07). Accessed 2026-11-07.
128. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), FinCEN Issues Final Rules to Safeguard Residential Real Estate, Investment Adviser Sectors from Illicit Finance (2024-08-28). Accessed 2026-11-07.
129. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (Federal Register), Anti-Money Laundering Regulations for Residential Real Estate Transfers (89 FR 70258) (2024-08-29). Accessed 2026-11-07.
130. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), FinCEN Announces Postponement of Residential Real Estate Reporting Until March 1, 2026 (2025-09-30). Accessed 2026-11-07.
131. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), Geographic Targeting Order Covering Title Insurance Company (October 9, 2025) (2025-10-09). Accessed 2026-11-07.
132. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), FinCEN Renews Residential Real Estate Geographic Targeting Orders (2025-10-09). Accessed 2026-11-07.
133. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), FinCEN Expands Reach of Real Estate “Geographic Targeting Orders” Beyond Manhattan and Miami (2016-07-27). Accessed 2026-11-07.
134. Sandy Gadow (syndicated real estate columnist), hosted by the American Land Title Association, How your Title Insurance Dollar is Divided Up (2004). Accessed 2026-11-07.
135. American Land Title Association (trade association of title insurers and agents), Protect Your Property Rights (HomeClosing101.org) (Undated (first captured 2015-12-12)). Accessed 2026-11-07.
136. ValuePenguin (LendingTree-owned comparison site), How Much Does Title Insurance Cost and Do I Need It? (2017-10-05 (updated later)). Accessed 2026-11-07.
137. Redfin (real estate brokerage; sells brokerage and lending services), How Much Does Title Insurance Cost and Is It Required? (2025-06-20 (modified 2026-06-23)). Accessed 2026-11-07.
138. U.S. Government Accountability Office (citing Bankrate.com), Title Insurance: Preliminary Views and Issues for Further Study (GAO-06-568) (2006-04). Accessed 2026-11-07.
139. U.S. Government Accountability Office (citing Bankrate.com), Title Insurance: Actions Needed to Improve Oversight of the Title Industry and Better Protect Consumers (GAO-07-401) (2007-04). Accessed 2026-11-07.
140. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (Federal Register), Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA): Rule To Simplify and Improve the Process of Obtaining Mortgages and Reduce Consumer Settlement Costs (73 FR, E8-27070) (2008-11-17). Accessed 2026-11-07.
141. American Land Title Association (trade association of title insurers and agents), Title Insurance a Small but Valuable Portion of Mortgage Costs (2011-07-21). Accessed 2026-11-07.
142. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Shop for title insurance and other closing services (Undated (live 2026-11-07)). Accessed 2026-11-07.
143. San Antonio Current (alt-weekly newspaper), Entitled to Profit: In Texas, Title Insurance Is a Total Scam (2021-06-27). Accessed 2026-11-07.
144. American Land Title Association (trade association of title insurers and agents), Value of Title Insurance Revealed (ALTA press release) (Undated (first captured 2003-01-31)). Accessed 2026-11-07.
145. American Land Title Association (trade association of title insurers and agents), $460 Million In Title Claims Paid In 2001 Says American Land Title Association (2002-08-26). Accessed 2026-11-07.
146. American Land Title Association (trade association of title insurers and agents), Title Insurance: answers to common questions (alta.org/consumer) (Undated (captured 2005-11-25)). Accessed 2026-11-07.
147. American Land Title Association (trade association of title insurers and agents), One-Third of All Residential Real Estate Transactions Have Title Issues, According to Survey (2006-04-13). Accessed 2026-11-07.
148. American Land Title Association (reprint of Inman News), Title problems found in 35% of residential real estate deals (2006-04-14). Accessed 2026-11-07.
149. Stewart Title Guaranty Company (title underwriter; sells title insurance), Why you need title insurance (SISCO-0814-155-10) (2009-08). Accessed 2026-11-07.
150. American Land Title Association (trade association of title insurers and agents), ALTA Responds to Forbes Article (2010-06-15). Accessed 2026-11-07.
151. American Land Title Association (trade association of title insurers and agents), ALTA Responds to Consumer Federation of America's Misunderstanding of Title Insurance (2010-07-27). Accessed 2026-11-07.
152. American Land Title Association (trade association of title insurers and agents), Protect Your Property Rights (HomeClosing101.org) (Undated (first captured 2015-12-12)). Accessed 2026-11-07.
153. Wikipedia (Title insurance article), Title insurance (Live 2026-11-07). Accessed 2026-11-07.
154. American Land Title Association (study by ndp | analytics; press release via PR Newswire), Title Professionals Spend Significant Time, Resources to Protect Property Rights (2024-05-06). Accessed 2026-11-07.
155. American Land Title Association (trade association of title insurers and agents), American Land Title Association Reports 2011 Title Insurance Premiums on Pace; Industry Paid $1.02 Billion in Claims Last Year (2012-04-25). Accessed 2026-11-07.
156. American Land Title Association (trade association of title insurers and agents), American Land Title Association Reports 2012 Title Insurance Premium Volume Increases 21 Percent; Industry Paid $908 Million in Claims Last Year (2013-04-18). Accessed 2026-11-07.
157. Milliman for the American Land Title Association (copy hosted by Attorneys' Title Fund Services, a Florida title underwriter), Analysis of Claims and Claims-Related Losses in the Land Title Insurance Industry (2024-05). Accessed 2026-11-07.
158. EyeView Digital (video production and testing vendor; sold the videos it tested), EyeView - The new "Conversion" game (2008-12-04). Accessed 2026-11-07.
159. EyeView Digital (video production and testing vendor; sold the videos it tested), UMOO - a prime beef example of EyeView's success (2009-02-10). Accessed 2026-11-07.
160. EyeView Digital (video production and testing vendor; sold the videos it tested), Another video conversion success story (2009-11-10). Accessed 2026-11-07.
161. EyeView Digital (video production and testing vendor; sold the videos it tested), Making Video Accountable (EyeView white paper) (2010). Accessed 2026-11-07.
162. Unbounce (landing-page software seller), The benefits of using video on landing pages (2010-08). Accessed 2026-11-07.
163. WordStream (PPC advertising software seller), 6 Ways to Use Video to Increase Conversion Rates (2016-03-30). Accessed 2026-11-07.
164. Rechat (real estate agent marketing and CRM platform seller), 14+ Video Marketing Statistics Every Real Estate Agent Should Know (2022-03-04 (modified 2026-05-05)). Accessed 2026-11-07.
165. REsimpli (real estate investor CRM software seller), 55+ Real Estate Video Stats (2025-02-06 (modified 2026-06-10)). Accessed 2026-11-07.
166. Unbounce (landing-page software seller; analysis of its own customers' pages), Video on landing pages means more conversions, right? Wrong. Here's why (2021-08-26). Accessed 2026-11-07.

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We re-verify every figure quarterly and when a major source publishes a new edition. The next scheduled review is February 2027. Corrections go to contact@markstudios.com.

• Nov 7, 2026: First published with 571 figures from 38 publishers, each checked against its original source.